نشریه آمایش سیاسی فضا
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، زمستان 1398)

The pattern in the last few decades, especially in countries and regions located in the desert of the earth are considered, as a reflection of climate change. A situation that threatens security, stability and development in many areas due to reduced rainfall and water scarcity. Iran has also been strongly influenced by these events and changes in its attitude towards its geographical position during the last decade and half. Southeastern Iran with center (Sistan and Baluchestan Province) which has been a region with low rainfall, daring several periods of time due to climate to the point that it has become one of the migrating provinces of the country. An event that has itself given rise to emerging security issues and challenges, especially in border areas
The present article is based on the hypothesis that the decrease in rainfall and threat of water resources has led to the emigration of the province. The methodology of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the required data and information are collected through the meteorological organization and the national statistics center and then using standard rainfall (SPI) and normal rainfall (PNPI) percentage investigate and analyze the spatial distribution of drought (period, 1996-2011) and its impact on the migration of residents of the strategic area. The results show that the occurrence of severe or very severe droughts in a region has negative reflections on the livelihood of residents in the region, which with the attitude of the people of the province to dependence on limited water resources and traditional agriculture and the lack of land management policies and hydro-political relations between Iran and Afghanistan have led to an increase in the crisis in the east of the country, and the people of this province have inevitably migrated to neighboring provinces and other parts of the country to provide better living conditions.

One of the most controversial issues in political geography is the role of local government and governance in the urban space. Governance deals with individuals and organizations that are involved in the decision-making and enforcement process. Today, by recognizing the patterns of governance, the city must be managed by them. The transition from idea to action, along with the structural and functional changes of government, require more than just a government, and other actors have an impact on improving the quality of life and well-being of different stakeholder groups. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, after examining the concept and different angles of the governance model, proves that in todaychr('39')s cities, the management of the urban system is governed by the governance of local organizations.</strong>
The results show that governance at the micro-macro-spatial level is a step towards self-organization of urban communities and fragmentation of government power that requires the involvement of citizens and social groups in addition to government actors. In fact, there are different ways in which local authorities are elected to govern in the world.</strong>

The purpose of this study is explanation of the relationship between maritime location of countries and their economic and social development Index. This research is basic in terms of goal and is descriptive - analytic and correlational in terms of the nature and method. 

The data obtained is based on the secondary data from specialized agencies. The research is firstly intended to index and rank the access to seas and economic and social development of maritime states using the TOPSIS technique. According to the TOPSIS technique findings, the relationship between sea access index and the index of level of economic and social development. Using SPSS software. The regression analysis is adopted to explain the relationship between the index of sea location and economic and social development attributes.

The research findings indicate that offshore states with different levels of size, shape, population, etc., are predominantly included in rankings of this study. The level of economic and social development of the states is affected by sea location of the states. The results regarding to the explanation of the relationships between sea access and the index of the level of economic and social development show that there is a meaningful relation between the two indexes in which the sea access is one of the factors adversely affecting the level of economic and social development of states.

The Horn of Africa includes four countries: Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti. One of the problems in this region is the border and territorial Conflicts and its insecurities in the border areas of the countries. Various factors are effective in creating this instability and border insecurity. Among them, history, historical mentalities, and the role of colonial history is significant. This research is a descriptive-analytical study that uses library resources to investigate the role of history in creating border insecurity with a case study of the role of colonialism in border insecurity in the Horn of Africa. The dependent variable of the research is border insecurity and independent variables are history, colonial history, and the Horn of Africa region. The main question is what is the role of history and historical changes in creating border insecurity in the Horn of Africa? In the Horn of Africa, the most important border conflicts and insecurities include border clashes between Ethiopia and Eritrea; Djibouti and Eritrea; and the insecurity has been caused by ethnic and tribal conflicts in the Somalia-Kenya border areas. The research results show that the history, colonial history, and actions of the colonial powers in drawing the borders of the countries, especially in the Horn of Africa region, which is based on colonial interests and not local interests, it has played an important role in border disputes between countries and instability and insecurity in border areas.</span></div>

Fundamentalism is one of the most important security issues in today’s world, in a way, territoriality has drawn a large part of the world’s security literature. Over the past decade, the North African region became locality of internal crisis, regional ideological and rivalries, and intra-regional powers intervention and expansion of extremist ideas that has cost and effects on both internal, regional and international levels. In the meantime, the north of the African continent, and specially Tunisia country, has created opportunities for the growth and development of ISIL’s fundamentalist organization. The present study is a descriptiveanalytical research and its data and information gathering by the library method. Hypothesis of this study based on unified Field Theory of Stephen B. Jones and belive that Territoriality of Fundamentalist Organizations in Tunisaia affected by internal factors (social crisis) and external factors (intervention powers). The result of the study showed that the fragility of the government, the geographical structure, and geopolitical integration in Tunisia, along with the political and international limitations caused territoriality of fundamentalist organization and acted as an obstacle for emerging and developing of a new political entity in this country.

Knowledge is power (quoted from Ferdowsi), knowledge is really the ability. Science, economics and power affect each other. The interactive influences of science and technology, economy and power, are vital and widespread. The power of science, social contexts, economics context has revolutionized political thought and military power and crosses the natural boundaries and transformed the weight of the countrychr('39')s geopolitical. Identifying the relationship between knowledge, economic situation and power has always been particularly importance. Studies show that in the term of economy, power, science and technology of each country are placed in a different position, and according to this position, their goals and policies are variable. In this regard, this study aimed to analyze the links between science and technology, economy and power of countries and tries to identify the relationship between the complements of science and technology, economy and power. The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytic and data collecting method including the use of statistical resources and the study population included 37 countries which in a period of 9 years 2010 to 2018 in the form of three components were compared and evaluated. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the indices of science and technology of countries and economic power, and there is a direct relation between economic power and political power of countries. In addition, countries that have a good position in terms of science and technology have a favorable position in terms of power.