فصلنامه پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
پیاپی 66 (پاییز 1399)

The purpose of this study was to design a competency-based curriculum in VET higher education system based on a paradigmatic model. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and researcher notes and observations and analyzed using the grounded theory strategy. The statistical population consisted of curriculum experts who selected 16 individuals by purposeful sampling. Validity and reliability were ensured by using member checking, transient coding agreement, expert review of results, and peer review techniques. Findings were divided into six groups of categories: 1. Causal factors or conditions 2. Core phenomenon 3. Strategic categories 4. Background conditions 5. Mediating categories, and 6. Outcome categories as identified and explained. Suggestions graduates were made to improve the quality of the production and implementation process of higher education VET curricula, especially at the University of Applied Science to increase the employability of the graduates.

The purpose of the research is to identify basise of the reduction of centralization and provide conditions For the implementation ofcurriculum decentralization in elementary school. research Approach is qualitative and is based on the Method of Conventionat Content Analysis.The statistical population of this study was all the experts of elementary education and educational groups in the 24 areas of West Azarbaijan Province educational institutions in the academic year of 2016-17, that were selected by targeted sampling method and the Sample volume was continued to the data saturation point.In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 experts. In order to ensure and validate the accuracy of the data, the technique of control of the members and the exact information acquisition technique were used. The findings of this research include the following seven main themes: change discourse, system thinking, discipline or soft subject areas, integrated approach, organic empowerment, teacher's knowledge, core skills groups.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the competencies of teachers working nomadic tribes. It done a qualitative research based on Husserlian phenomenology. The selection of potential participants was based on the criteria of the country's climatic conditions in three climatic zones (mountainous, Caspian and hot and dry) in four provinces of Jahar Mahal and Bakhtiari, Gilan, South Khorasan and Fars. Because teachers with work experience in these provinces cover all three types of weather conditions.Participants in the study consisted of 57 teachers with experience in teaching in nomadic nomadic areas with targeted sampling approach and snowball method. Theoretical saturation was the measure for determining the adequacy of the number of participants. Semi-structured interviews were used as the qualitative data collection instrument. The acceptability and reliability criteria for qualitative data were used to determine the initial validity of the collected data. Given the qualitative approach in this research, thematic analysis was conducted to develop a network of themes signifying the competencies of teachers in nomadic tribes. The themes in this network were classified into basic, first-level organizing, second-level organizing and global themes. The data were initially codified, and a total of 223 basic codes were combined and integrated to form 170 basic themes and 28 first-level organizing themes.

The general purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the emptiness of the curriculum of primary schools in the education department of Maragheh city. For this purpose, the factors affecting the emptiness of the primary school curriculum were initially identified by studying the theoretical foundations and literature of previous research in 26 factors. The statistical population of the present study is the primary school teachers of Maragheh Education Department, which number is 1000 people and the statistical sample size was estimated to be 278 people using Cochran's formula and was selected by stratified random sampling. Hakimzadeh questionnaire was used as a data collection tool and in the analysis of data at the inferential level, the technique of confirmatory factor analysis and prioritization of factors affecting curriculum emptiness were used. The results show that among the 26 primary factors, all factors are identified using factor analysis technique and group 3 factors: factors related to the governing system of the society and factors based on students and factors based on school or school category ‌closed. The results showed that among the factors studied initially, all factors in the three groups of factors related to the governing system of the society and factors based on students and school-based factors were effective in curriculum emptiness, but based on research findings lack of proper use. Teaching and learning methods, educational environment and psychological factors such as stress and weakness in the proper transfer of educational materials by teachers to students and misconceptions and inefficient policies have the greatest impact on the emptiness of the primary school curriculum in Maragheh.

The aim of this study was to design an independent thinking curriculum for high school students. The research method is qualitative and in the form of content analysis. Therefore, by studying the research documents and samples of related researches, the sections related to independent thinking in these researches were extracted. Data is coded based ‌on Tyler's model based on four elements; objective (cognitive, emotional, and ‌psychological), content (selection and organization), methodology and ‌evaluation. ‌ ‌ The results showed that in the “goal” section the features included: freedom of expression, freedom of choice, group discussion, participatory learning, social exchange, mental development, nurturing of rationality. In the field of "content", the features include: learning how to think, learning to abide by patterns, learning to engage in group discussion, learning to do independent activities, learning to make free speech, learning to have a choice, conscious attitude to Stuff. The "Teaching Method" section features: using group discussion, Socratic Method, using intellectual and verbal games, providing independent exercises, teacher as facilitator and colleague. In the field of “evaluation”, the features include: the use of self-assessment tools, attention to continuous and formative evaluation, providing timely and appropriate feedback, attention to the involvement of students' activities, attention to various forms of evaluation. Using the results of this research can educate adolescents and young people in the future with independent thinking in order to reduce social harms and anomalies and adhere to their religious and cultural beliefs.

The purpose of this study was to gain the experience of educational practitioners in the field of lesson study and providing basic solutions. This is a qualitative research based on a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of this study consisted of 20 educational agents (educational policy makers, provincial technology heads, educational leaders and experts). Using purposive sampling approach and benchmarking method, 6 policy makers, 5 provincial technology heads, 5 educational leaders, and 4 experts and researchers were selected. The adequacy of the number of participants was determined by theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative research data. The validity of the qualitative section was assessed by members' review, data source alignment, and researcher self-review and reliability of the encodings was also assessed using two stability and repeatability indices. According to the qualitative method of the research, the categorization method was used to analyse the data obtained from the interviews using MAXQDA software (version 2018). The findings of the study showed that the educational, professional, organizational, structural, and cultural barriers were considered as a threat to teachers' participation in the research process. Other research findings also indicated what measures to consider to address each of these barriers. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that policymakers develop strategic plans to promote teaching as a collaborative activity of teachers. All education beneficiaries should also participate in the formation and maintenance of organizational structures that support effective teacher participation in the study.

The recent study aimed at investigating and determining threats and weaknesses associated with Nature Schools Development in Iran. The recent research was qualitative. The data from the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In this method, data were categorized and conceptualized based on perception. This study were conducted with the participation of 15 experts. Participants were selected among Administrators, facilitators and the experts who were master on nature school subject. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling among nature schools specialists in state of Tehran, Khorasan Razavi and Yazd. Selecting contributes with the widest variety has increased the credibility of the data. The research findings were identified in five main groups, including barriers due to the policy framework, not recognizing the experience of nature in childhood, cultural and social barriers, the system failure of research and development, limited financial resources and facilities.

The present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship education indicators from the perspective of aesthetics in books. The research method is descriptive and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the textbooks of the first elementary school in the academic year of 1397-98. The tool for identifying the aesthetic components of citizenship education indicators is the content codes designed by the researcher, which has three cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, according to which the content of the books is coded and analyzed. The formal validity and content of the research tools were confirmed by experts and scholars of the philosophy of education and curriculum planning, and the reliability of the research tools was obtained based on Scott's formula of 0.78. The results of content analysis showed that in the whole content of textbooks of the first elementary school, 558 cases of citizenship education with emphasis on the dimensions of artistic education have been mentioned. At least 8 cases (5.4%) arerelated to the Democracy Familiarization Index Accordingly, considering the number of books and three study pillars studied, paying attention to citizenship education with emphasis on artistic education is not enough, and in fact, this amount of attention to citizenship education in textbooks cannot be in line with students' needs. To be a citizen.

The aim of this study is to analyze the tacit knowledge of high school English language teachers of qualitative evaluation methods (with emphasis on self-examination and portfolio usage) that its method is interpretive phenomenology. The reseach population includes selected high school English language teachers of Shahriyar in the academic year 1397-1398. This study is based on the purposeful sampling of selecting the desirable cases and until saturation eighteen teachers (7 males and 11 females) were selected in which we would continue sampling to reach cases which no new information would be obtained. The teachers were semi-structured interviewed and they were analyzed by content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the instrument were verified using reliability, portability, verifiability and reliability. The results of the study showed that they do not accept the self-examination method as a valid method for evaluation and they do not take seriously the using of the portfolio. This study showed that the tacit knowledge of high school English language teachers in qualitative evaluation methods does not form a significant amount of tacit knowledge of teachers and their confidence in qualitative evaluation is low. Many teachers use quality evaluation as an adjunct to objective evaluation and to improve the learning process, and do not see quality evaluation as a serious method of evaluation.

The educational performance indicators of faculty members were studied to revise faculty promotion and evaluation codes and forms using a descriptive-survey method that the required data was collected based on the opinions of the faculty members, students, and graduates of the Islamic Azad University. The participants were enrolled through the multistage stratified and convenience sampling methods until the theoretical saturation was reached. Data collection was done using questionnaires and documents. Data analysis was done using the open-coding table, central tendency of mode, and FAHP. The findings showed that there are more than 80 educational performance indicators for faculty evaluation, which can be used in faculty promotion and evaluation codes and forms, selection of the instructor of the year, etc. Due to the importance of these indicators, they were categorized into six groups from A to F and weighed based on two criteria, namely repeatability and vitality. A comparison of the current and desired status shows that more than half of the indicators used in the current instructor evaluation system are in the insignificant categories (E and F). Therefore, it is recommended to use indices with high importance factor (indices in categories A to D) in the faculty promotion and evaluation system.

One of the problems in our society, especially among literate students of the literacy movement, is the lack of a culture of reading. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the plan of reading plan with family as one of the main parts of the curriculum of literacy movement in Hormozgan province. In this study, qualitative research method was used with data coding system‌. The research population included experts, educators and literacy students of Hormozgan province literacy movement and the sample consisted of twenty-four people who were selected using purposive sampling method. Also, the data collection tools, in-depth interviews and data analysis methods were inductive analysis. Findings and results showed that eight central categories There is in the project damage section include lack of financial resources, weakness of the monitoring system, weakness in the content, lack of comprehensiveness of the plan, weakness of the project managers, incompatibility of the plan with influential factors, lack of motivation and lack of sufficient institutional media support. Eight components of financial support and strengthening the evaluation and monitoring system of the project, developing the attitude and training of project stakeholders, strengthening the headquarters system and scope of the project, strengthening the motivational dimension, strengthening institutional and media support of the project, compiling and training project books based on scientific principles Reading with family.

One of the common goals of the education system worldwide is to make education more effective and more successful. Systematic and active learning methods are designed to achieve this educational goal; but proper use of this method in teaching the content of different courses is another issue that requires special research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the increase of student writing creativity in creative writing lessons before and after the independent variable and compare the results of teaching these two methods with the use of two constructivist methods flip classroom and lesson study.This research is a causal-comparative and quasi-experimental research with a practical purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of students of elementary education teachers of Farhangian University of Mazandaran and the statistical sample is two 35 member - matched groups. Amongst genres of creative writing, four genres were selected in consultation with experts in the field. The elements of each genre were identified according to different sources and each element was weighted relative to its importance in the relevent genre. Writing in these four genres was received as pre-test and post-test in both groups and each element in the student writings was analyzed and graded from the perspective of Torrance's creativity criteria of fluidity, authenticity, flexibility and expansion. The results were analyzed by SPSS software. Comparison of the pre-test and post-test results in both groups showed that the flip class method and the research method showed a significant improvement in both groups. And comparing the two methods with each other showed that the research lesson had a significant effect on the creativity of the students' writing compared to the flip class.