فهرست مطالب

Medical Council - Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

Journal of Iranian Medical Council
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/09/23
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Ahmad Shamabadi, Shahin Akhondzadeh * Pages 113-114

    The coronavirus outbreak quickly became a pandemic and continues to spread. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has harmed all societies; one of the most affected areas is health. Two important subsets, which will have long-term adverse effects, are medical education and research (1,2). This article seeks to highlight the importance of ethical issues and a full peer review in COVID-19 related research, and along with this, other research issues are listed. It intends to remind the problems and disadvantages that the pandemic has caused to education and research in the field of medical sciences for finding suitable solutions.

  • Nasibe Eftekhari, Mehrdad Eftekhar *, Mansour Salehi, Maryam Rasoulian, Masoud Ahmadzad Asl, Nooshin Khademolreza, Maryam Soltai Ramezan Zadeh, Seyed Fakhrodin Arman Pages 115-122
    Background

    Sexual dysfunction is a common problem among women visiting psychiatrists. This study was performed to determine the frequency of sexual dysfunctions and behaviors among women attending health care centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences which are located in the west of Tehran. The association between these dysfunctions and different variables was assessed. The number of participants who thought their partners had sexual dysfunctions was determined. The study was performed from Oct 2017 until Oct 2018.

    Methods

    In this observational descriptive cross-sectional survey, 400 women attending health care centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences from Oct 2017 to Oct 2018 were enrolled and the frequency of sexual dysfunctions and behaviors among them and their partners was determined by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Quality of Sexual Function (QSF) questionnaire. Their general health was assessed by General Heath Questionnaire (GHQ).

    Results

    In this study, the mean age of participants was 37.5 years and their mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.5 kg/m. Totally, 223 subjects (55.8%) had sexual dysfunctions, including satisfaction (42.5%), pain (36.8%), desire (28.5%), arousal (25%), lubrication (29.8%) and orgasm disorder (30.5%). The frequency of sexual dysfunction was not significantly related to age, BMI, mood disorder, psychosomatic problems, general health and somatic problems (p>0.05) and 8% of participants had masturbated at least once in their life.

    Conclusion

    It may be concluded that more than half of women attending health care centers had sexual dysfunctions in which satisfaction disorder was the most prevalent one.Also, 43% of participants thought that their partners had sexual dysfunction. These rates are high and would require further attention and assessment.

    Keywords: Prevalence, Sexual dysfunction, Women
  • Seyed MohammadHossein Mahmoodi, Simin Khamoushi, Maryam Faraji, Niloofar Khosravi, Amir Jalali Nadoushan * Pages 123-130
    Background

     Lack of effective training and practice of social skills in childhood in many communities necessitates finding costless solutions to improve these skills in adulthood. Healthcare staff may especially benefit from such advantages regarding their professional needs. Organized activity involvement can improve children social competence; such relationship, however, is not well known in adults. As the first step, the association of university student organization activity involvement and social skills level was evaluated in medical students.

    Methods

     In this analytical cross-sectional study, a total of 205 female and male medical students from any grade and ethnicity, were selected by stratified random sampling from medical schools of two main universities of medical sciences of Tehran, the capital of Iran. Social competence of students was assessed by using Social Skills Inventory along with history of involvement in student organization activities and outside university group activities.

    Results

     A statistically significant difference between social skills scores of students with and without a history of involvement in university student organization activities was detected (p=0.028). In students with such history, a positive correlation was found between social skills scores and total hours of participation in activities (r=0.206, p=0.035). A significant difference was also found between social skills scores of students involved and not involved in group activities outside the university (p <0.001).

    Conclusion

     Medical students taking part in organized activities had significantly more social skills scores —the more active they were, the more social competence they reported. Future longitudinal researches can investigate causality and may suggest organized activity involvement for adults who experienced no effective social skills training in childhood which is a common problem in developing communities.

    Keywords: cross-sectional studies, Medical students, Organizations, social skills
  • Hossein Afshari, Majid Shohrati, Karim Parastouei, Mahdi Mashhadi Akbar Boojar * Pages 131-138
    Background

    Proper nutrition is a basic requirement for all hospitalized patients, particularly critically ill patients who, for various reasons, are not able to maintain their nutritional status. Nutritional support is an essential component of care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and it is commonly performed in two ways of enteral and parenteral nutrition. The present investigation aimed to investigate the nutritional status of this group of patients in comparison with existing standards.

    Methods

    In this study, 50 critically ill patients receiving nutritional support (42 patients were on enteral nutrition and 8 on parenteral) in a referral teaching hospital of Iran were investigated. Each patient was assessed individually and nutritional requirements including calorie and protein were calculated based on age, sex, height, weight, and the stress and activity factors. The total daily energy and protein were compared to standard calculated values. T-test was used to evaluate the differences between separate groups and p

    Results

    Data showed that 70% of patients in the enteral group did not receive enough calories while only 7% obtained the required protein. In the parenteral group, none of the patients received enough calories or protein.

    Conclusion

    According to the results of this study, it seems that hospitalized ICU patients receive very poor nutritional support and greater attention should be paid to preventing possible malnutrition-related complications.

    Keywords: Enteral nutrition, Intensive Care Unit, Nutritional support, Parenteral nutrition
  • Arash Mani, Mahshid Rahimi, Seyed Ali Dastgheib *, Elnaz Chohedri Pages 139-147
    Background

    Indirect self-destructive behaviors have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. This study explored the effectiveness of mothers’ psycho-education in reducing indirect self-destructive behaviors in suicidal female adolescents.

    Methods

    Totally, 42 Iranian girls aged 12-17 years who attempted suicide during the period of September 2014 till March 2015 and their mothers were selected from pediatric emergency ward of Nemazee Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and randomly divided into experimental (n=21) and control (n=21) groups. Both groups received the usual psychiatric treatment and a psycho-educational program was arranged for mothers of experimental group. The psycho-educational program consisted of four 45-min sessions held for two weeks. The Chronic Self-Destructive Scale (CSDS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Parent and self-report forms) were used to assess subjects’ indirect self-destructive behaviors and emotional and behavioral problems at baseline, post-test, and 3 months later.

    Results

    The scores of CSDS and SDQ (Parent and self-report) decreased significantly during the trial (p <0.001). The trend of decrease in the two groups was statistically significant (p <0.001). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly reduced mean score in CSDS and SDQ in self and parent report both in post-test and after 3 months’ follow-up.

    Conclusion

    These results suggest that psycho-educational intervention for mothers can reduce the tendency to indirect self-destructive behaviors in Iranian female adolescents who had attempted suicide.

    Keywords: Attempted, Psychotherapy Self-injurious behavior, Suicide
  • Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, Ali Asadollahi Amin, Abbas Boosiraz *, Parvin Mirzaei, Razieh Rahimi, Leila Taj, Omid Dadras, Alireza Barzegary Pages 148-153
    Background

    HIV infection affects all aspects of life, including physical, psychological, social, and even spiritual. Personality disorders can also contribute to the disease through high-risk behaviors and recognizing them could be beneficial in designing programs to prevent HIV in the community. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of personality disorders in patients with HIV infection.

    Methods

    Totally, 100 HIV-infected patients who were registered and treated at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran were recruited. Subjects were assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) called the Mini-Mult and the demographic questionnaire. SPSS software (Version 22) was used to analyze the data.

    Results

    Based on the scales for hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, antisocial personality disorders, paranoid personality disorder, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and mania, 40, 5, 25, 23.3, 18.3, 28.3, 28.3, and 8.3% of patients had scores above 70, respectively. The highest prevalence of personality disorder with T scores above 70 belongs to hypochondriasis with a prevalence of 40% and the lowest prevalence of personality disorders with T scores above 70 belongs to depression (5%).

    Conclusion

    The findings indicate that the prevalence of personality disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is higher than the general population with the highest prevalence for hypochondriasis and the lowest prevalence for depression. Therefore, future policies are better to consider such personality disorders in formulating programs and interventions to improve HIV care and treatment.

    Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Personality disorder
  • Pasha Mosaed, Akefeh Ahmadiafshar, Seyed Ali Naghi Kazemi, MohammadJavad Hajkazemi, Saeid Lotfi, Mahdi Hosseini * Pages 154-162
    Background

    Kawasaki Disease or KD (also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is an acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. Regarding serious coronary complications of the disease, the coronary effects and consequences of the disease in KD diagnosed children were investigated at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan during 2013 to 2017.

    Methods

    This is a cross-sectional study in which 40 diagnosed cases of KD were evaluated from 2013 to 2017. At the time of diagnosis and 2 to 4 years later, the necessary measures were taken to check cardiovascular complications. After documenting informed consent, the patients underwent follow up echocardiography and electrocardiography. The data analysis was performed by statistical software, SPSS-18.

    Results

    Totally,21 patients participated in the follow up. The results were analyzed and compared based on coronary artery dimension and Z-score reference values. Next, left coronary artery size was calculated in primary echocardiography based on Z-score in terms of body surface area. In primary echocardiography, Left Coronary Artery (LCA) size was within the reference range in 36 patients (90%) and abnormalities were observed in 4 patients (10%). In the follow up echocardiography, 21 patients revisited (2 of the 4 patients with abnormal findings) and all of them were reported to be within the reference range (p=0.02). Regarding Right Coronary Artery (RCA), findings from primary echocardiography were normal in 38 patients (95%) and abnormal in 2 patients (5%),  and based on follow up echocardiography, RCA sizes of all patients were in reference range (p=0.15).Interestingly, 2 patients were within the normal range based on coronary artery dimension, but were included in the dilation range using the Z-score; also, 2 patients who were in the dilated coronary artery range measured by the coronary artery dimension criterion, were included in the normal range by the Z-score.

    Conclusion

    To prevent missed diagnosis and further complications, it is recommended to use standard Z-score based on body surface area to diagnose coronary artery aneurysm in addition to merely measuring the diameter of the vessels.

    Keywords: CORONARY ANEURYSM, echocardiography, Kawasaki disease, Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
  • Mohammad Khademi *, Nader Monirpoor, Zeynab Ebrahimi, Vahid Rashedi Pages 163-167
    Background

    Substance abuse is a chronic disorder that has been a major social problem in most countries in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the object relations and vulnerability to substance abuse relapse among addicts visiting Narcotics Anonymous Centers.

    Methods

    In a cross-sectional study, 385 addicts who visited Narcotics Anonymous Centers in Qom city were entered. A demographic questionnaire, Timeline Followback Interview, and Bell Object Relations Inventory were used to gather the required data and SPSS-21 was used to analyze the data.

    Results

    In general, 61.5 and 92.2 percent of participants were married and employed, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between subscales of alienation, insecure attachment, egocentricity (p < 0.001), and vulnerability to substance relapse.

    Conclusion

    According to findings, it seems that patterns of relation with initial objects and damages incurred by failure in objects-driven need expressions may have deep effects on people’s future life trajectories, mainly substance abuse and its relapse.

    Keywords: Narcotics, Object relations, Substance-related disorders
  • Mohsen Minaiyan, Mahdi Mashhadi Akbar Boojar, Safieh Aghaabdollahian, Mahdi Bagheri * Pages 168-174
    Background

    One of the major problems in educational systems is academic failure in students’ education during their course of study. The lack of control of this decline, especially in medical sciences, leads to a decrease in the scientific level and the efficiency of medical students. This study aimed to determine the main causes of academic failure among pharmacy students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

    Methods

    In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 85 students were selected randomly in the School of Pharmacy at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. A valid and reliable questionnaire of students’ demographic and educational information and their opinions about the factors related to academic failure, including family, student, teacher, educational environment, educational content, and socio-economic factors were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and student T tests.

    Results

    The total rate of academic failure in the studied population was 9.66%. Also, the rate in non-quota students, regional quota students, in males and females were 20, 6.92, 51.16, and 48.84%, respectively. The main causes of academic failure were educational content, teacher, student, educational environment, family, social factors, and economic factors, respectively from the viewpoint of the students.

    Conclusion

    This study showed that the first factor of academic failure in pharmacy education based on the opinion of students is about the content of pharmacy education. The educational system in comparison to the community and family is a more effective factor in academic failure.

    Keywords: academic failure, Pharmacy education, Pharmacy Students