فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 39، زمستان 1399)

Statement of the Problem:

 Rural development is an all-embracing, constant, stable, endogenous, inclusive, transformational, creative, growth-promoting process that leans on the participation and self-confidence of the villagers. Within its framework, the cultural, social, and economic capacities and abilities of the communities will grow and excel based on meeting the basic material and spiritual needs and effective control over the forces forming the local housing system and human capital development by taking advantage of internal opportunities in the village. Purpose of the Study: This research aims to explain the tourism capacities for the development of rural areas in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.

The statistical population of the research is the cultural heritage and tourism experts and other similar specialists as well as the trustees of tourism units in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The sampling method is a complete enumeration and the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in the recent year. Delphi and SWOT methods were used to analyze the data and TOPSIS technique was used to rank the villages.

The final results indicated that the most important tourism capacities in the studied villages include intact natural resorts, enjoyable climate, and especially immaculate nomadic-life attractions, and the most crucial drawbacks of the tourism industry involve the absence of planning, accommodation dearth, and health facility deficiency, combined with the feebleness in tourism culture. In the meantime, the villages of Sar Aghaseyed, Sheikh Alikhan, Dimeh, Avargan, and Atashgah have more capabilities, respectively, and it may be essential to enter them into tourism programing priorities.

Innovation:
 

Scientific methods and techniques for explaining the tourism capacities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is the innovation of this research. Also, the tourism capacities of the statistical population studied have not been investigated at this level so far.

Statement of the Problem:Precipitation is one of the most important climate variables in the world, and its changes can have different environmental, economic, and social consequences.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in rainfall indices in Iran.

For this goal, the latest version of the daily data of the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) for the period from 1982 to 2016 was selected in 1×1 degree spatial resolution of latitude and longitude. By programming in the MATLAB software package, a matrix was constructed on the Iranian framework at 12784 × 750, the rows of which represented the days from 1.1.1982 to 31.12.2016, and columns represented the pixels in the region. The indices used in this study were selected from the list of standard indices recommended by the Climate World Committee of the World Meteorological Organization and the Climate Change Variation and Research Program, which made it possible to compare all stations in different countries.

The calculation of the indices changes with the help of the slope of the regression line on each of the pixels shows that in many parts in Iran, the intensity of daily precipitation is increasing. Also, in many parts of Iran, especially in western parts, the index of wet succession is decreasing, that is, the persistence of rainy days in many areas of the country is declining.

Problem Statement: 

It is necessary to evaluate different elements of the Arbaeen Pilgrimage event (with a religious tourism perspective) in its different directions because this evaluation will lead to the proper allocation of resources. This event can be one of the main forces influencing the economic improvement and development of Ilam province. On the other hand, today, value chain management is considered as one of the infrastructure foundations of business implementation in the world.

This study aimed to investigate and identify value chain business opportunities of the Arbaeen Imam Hussein (AS) Pilgrimage event in Ilam province. Research

The present research was an applied study and its method was descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information was field data collection method. The statistical population of this study included all people who were somehow working on Arbaeen route (Mehran-Kermanshah) in Ilam province. Using Cochran's formula, 385 individuals were selected and surveyed by stratified random sampling. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to survey the field data. The face validity of the questionnaire and its reliability were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.854). In this study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis models and related software such as SPSS and Amos were used for data analysis.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that there were five general business opportunities for investment in the development of the supply chain of the Arba'een Pilgrimage in Ilam province. Also, the results of the confirmatory model showed that, in general, economic-commercial reconstruction opportunity (0.39), regional functionality opportunity (0.225), transportation opportunity (0.362), cultural-religious opportunity (0.552), and location brand opportunity (0.44) were able to explain 82% of the variance of the dependent variable of the study.

Innovation:

 Analyzing the business opportunities of the value chain of the Arba'een Pilgrimage is the innovation of this study.

Problem Definition: 

Housing accounts for a large part of urban uses and plays an important role in the urban environment from various economic, social, cultural, psychological, physical, and environmental aspects. Therefore, given the widespread impact of housing on urban environments, the housing sector plays a vital role in achieving the goals of sustainable development and urban spatial justice.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the indicators of housing sustainability with an emphasis on sustainable development and spatial justice approach in district 1 of Tabriz city. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method.

The method of data collection was documentary, library, and field data collection method. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93. A sample of 382 residents of district 1 of Tabriz city was randomly selected. A total of 49 indicators of housing sustainability was evaluated in the form of four physical, economic, social, and environmental indicators. SPSS and LISREL software were used to analyze the data. By using factor load tests, explicit indicators were prioritized and summarized based on the degree of importance and effectiveness. The fuzzy logic model in GIS format has been used to prepare an effective index map.

The results indicated that the indicators of sustainable housing development from the perspective of spatial justice in district 1 of Tabriz were not observed. Class distance and duality were evident in the neighborhoods of this region so that in the northern neighborhoods, the stability was low, in the middle neighborhoods the stability was moderate, and in the southern and southeastern neighborhoods, the stability was high and very high. Therefore, the factors affecting this duality and inequality were prioritized in order of importance. Thus, the economic index with 50.9%, the physical index with 28.7%, the environmental index with 16%, and the social index with 4.4%, respectively, contributed to this inequality.

Innovation: 

The innovation of this study has been the use of both statistical and GIS methods to analyze housing sustainability indices of district 1 of Tabriz metropolis.

Statement of the problem:

 Due to the over-concentration of population and fund, metropolises have been portended to the surrounding areas for their growth and expansion and merging the surrounding villages and lands cause various changes including land-use conversion. These changes have created environmental hazards and caused spatial instability, so it is not possible to be prepared for the issues and challenges ahead regardless of the mentioned problems, especially about land use conversion around metropolises.

This study, analyzing the spatial congestion of rural areas, aimed to identify lands which changed their use in Roudbar, Qasran, Shemiranat by satellite images during 1986, 2001 and 2016.

It is an applied research based on descriptive- analytical method. The data was gathered by library and observation method and remote sensing method was used to analyze land use conversion during 30-year period in rural areas in Roudbar Qasran.Satellite image analysis was performed via ENVI 5.3 and ARC MAP 10.2 softwares.

The findings show the decrease of the area of mountainous and wasteland lands (13.06 %) versus the increase of the area of gardens (2.12 %), pasture (7.55 %) and constructed lands (3.39 %). Also, these findings based on the Markov Chain -CA showed that, the area of green lands (gardens and meadows), wastelands and mountainous will be decreased but constructed ones will be increased until 2031 if the current trend is continued. Results present the changes in land cover of this case study created land-use incompatibility with the environment caused by urban demand, urban sprawling, weakness of lawful control, and achieving greater profit. These kinds of changes eventuated in spatial congestion in addition to the economic and social impacts in Roudbar Qasran.

Innovation:

 In this study, spatial congestion of created land-use conversion is noticed whilst land-use conversion is considered and specified. Besides, it has been attempted to outline the future status of the region by predicting land cover and use conversion.

Statement of the Problem: 

Social capital was initially defined as the value of resources embedded in social relationships with others. It was then adjusted to the study of public behavior and attitudes of individuals towards the public sphere. This adaptation was pursued by changing the conceptualization of society as being determined by the geo-spatial structure defined by the structure of interpersonal relationships. Understanding this concept in society and factors affecting it is essential for formulating development policies in society.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the social capital status and factors affecting it in Miankoh District of Ardal County using the statistical approach of structural equations.

The research method in this study was descriptive-analytical and its purpose was applied. To collect the data, documentary and field methods were used. A sample of 254 individuals was selected by stratified random sampling in the study area. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to answer the research question.

The results showed that social capital in the study area was moderate and among the constituent indicators, social trust, and network quality explained the hidden variable (social capital) more than other indicators. Investigation of the independent variables affecting social capital showed that education (0.39) had the most influence on the dependent variable. So, this indicates the importance of education in improving social capital and points out the serious attention of officials to education in the study area. In total, the independent variables explained 0.24 of the variance of the dependent variable.

Innovation: 

Although social capital is as important as other capitals, it has received less attention. Despite the fact that two decades have passed since the serious attention of the scientific community to social capital,  there is still controversy in this regard. Accordingly, the approval and deepening of social capital require further evaluation and investigation of different communities. According to the local characteristics, this concept may have different interpretations in different cultures. On the other hand, little attention to the recognition of social capital as a concept affecting the science of planning is one of the challenges facing Iranian villages. Therefore, given that the rural areas of Iran have expanded into thousands of subcultures in the geographical area of Iran, lack of attention to social capital is a major challenge for the development of these areas. Accordingly, a comprehensive study of social capital in the geographical area of rural areas of Iran seems to solve this challenge for planners.