فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 63 (پاییز 1399)

Assumptions and standards play a significant role in determining the marital satisfaction of spouses, and both are influenced by culture. Family professionals need to be aware of the cultural impact on their clients’ cognitions to understand them better and provide better services. The study of proverbs in any language can provide a fairly accurate picture of the attitudes and beliefs of people belonging to that cultural context in relation to different subjects. Therefore, in this research, extracting all Iranian proverbs with related keywords (wife, husband, spouse, and marriage) and their thematic analysis, we tried to extract the assumptions and standards related to the role of woman, husband and marital relationship. The three main themes and a core theme were extracted. According to the results, existing standards for women are more numerous and rigorous than standards for men in marriage. Marital relationship is also portrayed as a very important, predestined, relationship with numerous conflicts which are frequent, inevitable and insurmountable. That makes it appear bitter and frustrating in the long time. The extracted standards show that couple are expected to play complementary roles in marriage and men have dominance over women.

One of the issues that plays a major role in mate selection is one's attitudes toward mate selection and marriage. The purpose of this study was to construct and determine the factor structure and reliability of a suitable test for assessing attitudes of mate selection in girls on the verge of marriage. Statistical population was girls on the verge of marriage between 18 and 35 years old. The sample consisted of 15 girls on the verge of qualification and 350 girls on the verge of validation. They were selected by convenience sampling. The content analysis method was used at the time of questionnaire construction and 12 categories were identified: rationality and rationalism, realism, belief in self-knowledge, belief to another, compulsory cognitive relevance, necessity thinking of multiple readiness, belief in proportionality, multiple idealism, belief in the attitude of love is simply enough, excessive optimism, limiting choice and marriage, the way to avoid choice and marriage. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the questionnaire. The results showed that the questionnaire fits well with the field data and the assumed factor structure is confirmed. Reliability of the questionnaire constructed by efficient and dysfunctional beliefs was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Reliability coefficients were higher than 0.70 in all subscales and overall had good reliability (r = 0.94 in total). Therefore, it can be concluded that the designed questionnaire is a valid questionnaire for assessing girls' attitudes towards marriage and can be used in premarital counseling centers.

The aim of this study was comparison of the effectiveness of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment(using schema conceptualization) and Gottman couple therapy on reducing irrational beliefs' in couples relationships.This study was a quasi-experimentalproject. The statistical population included all couples who referred to Razi Counceling Center in Karaj in the spring 2019. Using available sampling method 30 couples were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (10 couples each). Eeach of the  experimental groups received one of these approaches in to sessions. But the control group did not received any intervene during this time. Participants in all three groups were assessed using the  Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire(Azkhosh & Asgari, 2007) at pre-test, post-test and follow up stages. The Results of mixed analysis of variance showed  that there was a significant difference between each of the experimental groups with control groups but the difference in efficacy  between  the experimental  groups was not signficant. Both approaches have been effective on the components of the variable studied. Therefore, they can be used as effective treatment methods to reduce irrational beliefs in couple relationships.

Aggression is one of the most common mental health problems among children and adolescents, entailing significant interventions. Among various categorisation of this concept, some studies differentiated reactive from proactive aggression based on different functions it has and identified distinctive antecedents and outcomes for them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a specific perceived parenting style could differently predict reactive and proactive aggression. In this regard, 138 girl and boy adolescents were chosen by convenience sampling method. Regression results showed authoritative parenting style significantly predict the lower incidence of reactive aggression in boys, while the authoritarian parenting style displayed a predictive role for reactive aggression in girls. However, neglectful parenting style significantly explained the variance of proactive aggression only among high aggressive participants. The conclusion can be drawn for confirmation of the dichotomy mentioned above, considering the differential family context. It is suggested to do further study to identify particular causes and bases of reactive and proactive aggression beside the interaction of individual and environmental factors in line with investigating more precise aetiology and designing essential interventions for prevention as well as treatment.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally focused approach and choice theory on couples’ marital satisfaction and burnout.  The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population consisted of married couples with marital problems referred to Hamadan Counseling Center in 1398 and among them 30 couples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into three equal groups. These groups received training 8 sessions (each session 90 minutes) of emotionally-focused approach and choice theory respectively. Subjects completed Enriche's Marital Satisfaction scale (1998) and Paines' Marital burnout scale in the pre-test and post-test. Multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that both methods of emotionally focused approach and choice theory were effective on increasing marital satisfaction and reducing marital burnout in couples (p <0.05). The results of post hoc test showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two methods on marital satisfaction and marital burnout (p> 0.05). According to the effectiveness of the two approaches of choice theory and emotion-based approach, these approaches can be used for psychological interventions of couples.

The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of Self Regulation-Attachment and Systemic-Behavioral Couple Therapies on the Sexual Function in Women with Extra-Marital affairs. 

 Research method was quasi-experimental using pretest, post-test and a three month follow-up with control group. The statistical population were  women with Extra-Marital affairs referred to a counseling center in the city of Sanandaj in 2019. Through available and voluntary sampling, 45 subjects were selected and randomly assigned into two intervention and one control groups (15 persons). The Female sex functionality inventory (Rosen & Heiman, 2000) was used. One The intervention group received Self Regulation-Attachment Sepahvand, Rasoolzade Tabatabaei, Besharat, Allahyari (2014) through 8  session., another group received ystemic-Behavioral Crowe & Ridley (1990)  Couple Therapy through 10 session, of 90 minutes duration each held once a week. Data was analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures. 

 Results showed that both couple therapy programs significantly improved the Sexual Function (P< 0.001). Follow-up analyses showed that these results remained stable after three months. No significant difference was found between the two experimental groups.  

These two approaches can be used as an effective intervention in couple relationships.                                                                                   

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of forgiveness training on the attitude of infidelity and trust in interpersonal relationships of women affected by infidelity referred to counseling centers and clinics in Birjand. Method of research was semi-experimental (pre-Test, Post-Test and follow up) with control group. The sample consisted of 34 women who referred to counseling centers in Birjand. They were selected by purposive convenience sampling and divided into two experimental (16) and control (18) groups. They completed the Attitudes to Infidelity (ATIS) and Trust in Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean scores of attitude to infidelity in the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention and follow up. There was a significant difference in the mean scores of trust in interpersonal relationships as well as the subscale predictability of the experimental group before and after the intervention and follow up (p <0. 01). but the control group changes were not significant. The use of forgiveness as an effective approach and effective intervention can increase confidence in interpersonal relationships of infidelityinjured women.