مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال نهم شماره 1 (پاییز 1399)

The purpose of this descriptive research was to analyze effect of environmental beliefs on participatory behaviors of farmers toward water conservation. Statistical population of the study was farmer households in central region of the Zarivar watershed located at Marivan township (N=2097). Sample size determined via Cochran formula (n=237). The sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. Face and content validity of the questionnaire revised and verified by a panel of experts. Convergent validity of questionnaire was obtained at the optimum level by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot test was conducted, and then Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated. For data analysis, AMOS and SPSS software were used. Descriptive results showed that the highest and lowest mean for components of general beliefs were assigned to the human interdependence (3.08 out of 5) and the human exception (1.78 out of 5) respectively. Also, means of farmers’ specific beliefs were calculated upper than average level (3.75 out of 5) and for farmers’ participatory behavior toward water, conservation was lower than the average level (2.51 out of 6). Research findings showed that general and specific beliefs of farmers had a positive and significant effect on their participatory behavior toward water conservation. So that these variables could explain about 0.29% variance of participatory water conservation behvaior.

This study aimed to develop an environmental ethics model based on caring thinking through critical thinking of second-grade high school students in Hamadan. The research method was correlational and the data were collected by field method using with questionnaire. The statistical sample of the study included 986 second grade high school students in Hamadan who have been selected by simple random sampling. The measurement tools for data collection were Environmental Ethics Questionnaire, Caring Thinking Questionnaire, and Critical Thinking Questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaires was approved by 15 faculty members of educational sciences. Also, their reliability was determined as α = 0.895, α = 0.915, and α = 0.923, respectively, by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Environmental Ethics, Caring Thinking, and Critical Thinking Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Method and utilizing SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed that the structural model of environmental ethics based on caring thinking has a good fit due to the critical thinking of second-grade high school students in Hamadan. According to this model, caring thinking, as well as critical thinking, have a significant effect on environmental ethics, but caring thinking does not have a significant effect on critical thinking. Therefore, it can be concluded that caring and critical thinking can be used to explain and predict the environmental ethics of second grade high school students.

Agriculture is the most important sector in the supply of food products. Since farmers are using new technologies to produce more products, they cause harmful effects on the environment. In this regard, the important factor is the effect that environmental knowledge has on improving environmental behaviours of any person. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyse factors affect wheat farmers' environmental knowledge. The statistical population of the research was 380 wheat farmers in the central district of Kohgiluyeh County which based on Morgan table, 181 farmers were selected as samples using random sampling. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through subject matter specialists. The Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.56 to 0.83, indicating an appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS21 software. The findings of the research showed that wheat farmers do not have appropriate environmental knowledge. Variables including non-farm income, adherence to the custom, participation in educational-extensional courses, membership, wheat cultivation experience and education were the most important determinants of their environmental knowledge.

Rural participation in natural resource management indicates that managing natural resource crises would not be possible without the active participation of rural women due to their active role in production and agriculture. In this regard, this research aims was to role of social capital on self-efficacy of rural women in Zagros Forest Conservation by mediating environmental awareness. The statistical population included all rural women over 15 years in Lorestan province (N= 231000). Sample size was using Cochran sampling formula of 226 person by proportional classification method (based on forest area). Data analysis in two sections: descriptive and inferential statistics was software SPSS Win19 and SMARTPls performed. The validity of this study was verified by a panel of experts and calculation of the (AVE) and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The results showed that from the viewpoint of rural women, the most important causes of Zagros deforestation were destruction of firewood and rural consumption and high grazing livestock and the most important strategies for protecting forests were to change the livelihoods of forests and to graze for over-entry livestock. In addition, the results indicated that social capital directly and indirectly (through impact on environmental awareness) influenced the self-efficacy of rural women in conservation of Zagros forests. In addition, the results of structural equations showed that social capital and environmental awareness were able to explain 69.4 of the dependent variable of research (self-efficacy).

Decreasing the water sources is one of the problems which have been originated from climate change which consist most of it and is one of our country problems. Giving awareness to our students about this problem is one of the duties of the universities and educational institutes which becomes possible by means of a green curriculum. This article has been pointed out in order to use the possibility of applying this green curriculum at the universities and higher education centers which has been based on the pointed sources in southern theory dealing with prevention or adaptation with the water crisis. This research is in terms of research purpose, applied in terms of method, descriptive, and documentary-analytics. For this purpose, various articles and websites have been surveyed through a method of documentary analysis of the related texts. Using the Southern theory in dealing with water crisis or water stress helps to break the monopoly of the knowledge that is under the exclusion of some group in special regions and to share the experience of different regions of country and universities can be considered as a place in order to training correct use of water in modern life. The results of this study revealed that the water crisis can be used in the academic curriculum.

The environmental issue and problems among manufacturing companies including Artavil Tire, requires paying more attention to social responsibility compared with providing goods and services. Therefore, the paper aims to study the literature on Corporate Social Responsibility and green marketing and analyses the two factors that will influence the performance Environmental Performance. This research was carried out using Structural modeling method and the information based on a questionnaire was used to collect data from 39 employees of Artavil Tires of Ardabil. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between commitment to corporate social responsibility and environmental performance in Artavil Tires (β = 0.531). Also, based on the other results, Green marketing has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance (β = 0.128), and with increasing attention to green marketing, environmental performance is also increased, therefore, the relationship between corporate social responsibility and green marketing with environmental performance is positive and significant, and the effect of corporate social responsibility on environmental performance is more than green marketing.

The index of sustainable development goals have attracted attention of many researchers and policy makers in recent years. The Human Development Index, which is based on several key indicators, although an older approach to comparing countries is often considered as a health and education issue, but an indicator is still acceptable amongst researchers and policymakers. The purpose of this study is to survey the status of Iran in the human development index and the indicators of sustainable development goals and also analysis the correlation between these two indicators based on the information of all countries. In this research, Pearson correlation and linear regression were used in SPSS software to verify the relationship between two indicators. The results show that there is a meaningful and strong correlation between these two indicators. In the survey of correlation between the 17 goals of SDGs and HDI, it is clear that goals of 15 and 17 do not have a meaningful relationship with the human development index. While other communication goals were meaningful with the human development index. In general, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the human development index and the index of sustainable development goals. One of the drawbacks of the SDGs is the ambitious Goals that will make it hard to mobilize people and rulers to achieve all these ideal goals.

Neglecting waste management is the main cause of pollution in villages of Iran. In this regard, waste management is considered as one of the major axes of development in urban-rural has special importance. Thus, the present study seeks to evaluate waste management in Tange-Katuiyeh urban-rural of Darab County. This is a descriptive-analytic study in which the documentary method is used to examine the record and explain the problem. Furthermore, a survey method was used to collect the data by means of observation, interview, and completion of the questionnaire among the residents. Therefore, with regard to the number of households residing in this village and using the Cochran formula, 292 households were selected as the sample. The data were also analyzed in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics using Combined Entropy and AHP Method and Excel, Expert Choice, and SPSS software packages. The results of this research showed that as stated by respondent households residing in Tange-Katuiyeh urban-rural, waste management was very appropriate in 11.5 percent of households and very weak in 8.9 percent of them. In addition, the weighting process of independent variables revealed that 'raising awareness and 'economic value of selling wastes' have been regarded as more important. Thus, the results of route analysis model showed that of variables under study, 'level of education' with a general effect of 0.560 was the most effective and variable 'gender' with a general effect of 0.030 was the least effective in the quality of waste management of people residing in Tange-Katuiyeh urban-rural.

Urban agriculture with major goals such as the preservation and optimal use of natural resources, the production of healthy and organic products, and the enrichment of leisure time, if implemented correctly, will be emerged as one of the strategies for sustainable urban development. This study first, describes the typology indices of urban agriculture including susceptible locations, potential executives and partners, educational needs, communication channels, and susceptible plants. It, then, analyzes the role of education in urban agriculture development and its influence on sustainable urban development using a causal-relational method. The present study was carried out by means of a survey method in Zanjan province. The target population of the study is about 367 experts of Zanjan Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization. The number of samples was determined using Krejcie and Morgan table. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling and from the total of eight counties, three counties were selected randomly, in addition to Provincial Headquarters of Zanjan Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization. The research tool was a questionnaire whose face, content, and convergent validity was evaluated and confirmed. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's Alpha test and the combined reliability, with the value above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 and AMOS24 software. The research findings showed that education has a significant influence on urban agriculture development, and urban agriculture development plays a considerable role in sustainable urban development. Furthermore, education along with urban agriculture development explained 30% of variability in sustainable urban development.  Therefore, cultural development and education are suggested for urban agriculture development.