Journal of Community Health Research
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Oct-Dec 2020

Chronic pulmonary disorders are a set of diseases that restrict respiration airflow(1).Most of these diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)(1). According to the WHO  report, mortality from COPD is increasing worldwide. It is expected to be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030(2) (the sixth leading cause of death in 1990(3). This disease causes significant costs for health systems(4). There is strong evidence between COPD and smoking as a major risk factor. Smoking cessation is the most effective measure to prevent or slow COPD progression (2,5). The effect of smoking on COPD was assessed in selected studies using the odds ratio (OR). The data analysis results using the random effects method showed that the risk of COPD was higher in smokers and those exposed to cigarette smoke.(current smoker; 95% CI: 0.78 – 4.31, OR: 1.83, Ex-smoker; CI: 1.05 - 4.98, OR: 2.29, passive smoker; CI: 0.43_3.08 , OR: 1.15)(3,6). According to the results of the 7th national survey of non-communicable disease risk factors (Steps 2016),the distribution of current smokers, ex-smokers, and passive smokers were 9.71, 14.63,and 31.53 among over 18 years old, respectively(7). Furthermore, the population attributed risk (PAR) of each factor with Levin formula (PAR=P(OR-1)/P(OR-1)+1) is 0.89%, 0.95%, and 82.5%, respectively, which indicates when smoking would eradicate in populations, we can propose to lower up to almost 90 % in the population’s  COPD.

The Internet is one of the most advanced human achievements that encompasses a wide and unbroken network of multiple links. The vast Internet usage and appetite has led to the emergence of a phenomenon called Internet addiction in recent years; As Internet usage has multiplied in recent decades and its users have grown exponentially, the Internet has become a necessity for life. Considering the increase in the rate of Internet addiction, we tried to investigate the rate of internet addiction among medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 1395.

This analytic-cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. The sampling was random sampling. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and Yangchr('39')s Internet addiction inventory. The questionnaire contains 20 questions, according to which the person is placed in one of four classes: normal, mild, moderate and severe. After collecting the data, the data were entered into SPSS 16 software and analyzed using Chi-square and independent t tests.

The results of the study showed that out of 350, 183 (52.3%) were female and 167 (47.7%) were male. According to Internet addiction, students were 65% normal, 33.3% border lip And 1.7% were addicted to the Internet. The results also showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between the prevalence of internet addiction among students and sex, smoking and registration in cyberspace, and there was no significant statistical relationship between the prevalence of internet addiction and marital status, place of residence and birth place.

. Given the importance of the field of medicine and its connection with the lives of people, Internet addiction is at all possible thoughtful among medical students and should be taken by adopting programs such as holding workshops on the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet and its subsequent consequences, Increased student awareness of the dangers of internet addiction.

Pregnancy, especially the first pregnancy and childbirth, affects the women’s quality of life. Improving information-seeking behavior facilitates the decision-making process of women during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of this study was to investigate the health information-seeking behavior of Iranian first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women.

This research was a cross-sectional-descriptive survey .A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 358 first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women who attended 9 health centers in the northwest of Tehran, Iran, in 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and by conducting descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at .05 significance level.

The most important information need of the first- time mothers and first-time pregnant women was "Fetal/newborn health"; the most important source of information used was "gynecologist"; the most important way to access the resources was "visiting a doctor in person," and the most critical barrier to access information was "high costs of visiting a doctor, midwife, or nurse." Testing the hypotheses showed significant differences between information seeking components and demographic characteristics of the respondents. It was also found that there was no significant difference between the components of information-seeking behavior among two groups of first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women (p>0.05).

  Making pregnancy-related health information more available and accessible and providing high-quality educational programs at affordable cost in health centers for first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women can help them increase their health literacy and prevent many common complications associated with pregnancy and child health.

Drug addiction as one of the major challenges in human societies has many hidden aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious attitude, locus of control and tendency to abuse in addicts and non-addicts in Isfahan.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the study population was 200 men (100 addicts and 100 normal people) from July to September 2018 in Isfahan. Samples were selected from the population of drug-dependent and normal men using available sampling method. Allportchr('39')s Religious Orientation Questionnaire, Rutter Control Source, and Abuse Trend Questionnaire were used for data collection

Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between religious attitude, locus of control and tendency to abuse. The results also showed that people with internal control locus of control tend to be less likely to abuse drugs, as well as those with an internal religious attitude; less tendency to substance abuse, and finally, religious attitude and locus of control have a key role in drug abuse tendency .

It can be concluded that poor religious attitude and lack of internal control are important causes of addiction tendency.

proper geographical access to hospital medical facilities will increase people’s visits to receive non-emergency services and no delay in providing emergency services. This research aimed to determine the level of access to hospital medical facilities with Geographical Information System in Yazd in 2019.

This research is descriptive and applied. The required data for analyzing access included the information related to all existing hospitals, demographic data, and the layer of Yazd’s population blocks. Data analysis was carried out with GIS10.3 software.

Yazd city has 11 hospitals and 1915 active beds. The number of hospitals was proportional to the total population, but there was a shortage of 147 active beds. The per capita hospital space was 0.40 square meters, which is more than the standard (0.37 m2). The distribution of hospitals and beds in different regions of Yazd was inequitable. The population with high or desirable access (the population within a 1500-meter radius of the hospitals) to the hospitals with emergency, internal and surgery, pediatric, and gynecology units made up 54.12, 41.92, 44.44, and 48.34 percent of the Yazd’s population, respectively. Also, the population with limited access (the population out of a 3000-meter radius of hospitals) to the hospitals with emergency, internal and surgery, pediatric, and gynecology units made up 15.40,   31.72, 21.78, and 18.89 percent of the Yazd’s population, respectively.

Regarding the obtained results, it is concluded that there is no shortage of hospitals and hospital space in Yazd, and the number of beds is not way below the international standard. However, locating the hospitals is not so that a large proportion of the population is placed within the radius of high or desirable access to hospitals.

Since diabetes is a complex network of psychological and healthcare factors, this paper aims to investigate the relation between type 2 diabetes and mental health.

This study was analytical cross-sectional research on 60 diabetic patients referring to Kazerun health care centers, southwest of Iran, in 2018. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Demographic Profile Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale  (GSES), Health Literacy Questionnaire  (HELA), and Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF). Data analysis was performed in APSS v21 and from descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and using the statistical tests of Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (P <0.01).

   Mental health has a significant positive relationship with health literacy (p <0.001). Thus, individuals with better mental health evaluate their level of health literacy better. However, no relationship was found between self-efficacy and health literacy(r= -0.19, p >0.001). Besides, regression results indicated that mental health can predict a 54% variance of health literacy (R2= 0.54, p <0.001).

The findings of this study shows that boosting an individual’s mental health leads to an increase in health awareness in patients afflicted with diabetes which after all, can cause a better coping capability in these people.

Social and organizational supports are effective factors closely related to job burnout and Due to the limited studies in this area on Iranian workers, this study aims to determine the predictability of social support and organizational support in  job burnout for workers in Yazd.

This cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 textile workers in Yazd through stratified random sampling. The data were collected by the tools including demographic characteristics, questionnaires of social support, organizational support, and Maslachchr('39')s job burnout. The data were analyzed by SPSS using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the multiple linear regressions. The Significance level of tests was considered as p <0.05. 

There was a significant strong positive relationship between job burnout and emotional exhaustion (r= 0.88) (p <0.001 (. There was found a significant negative correlation between job burnout and social support (r =- 0.390), friend support (r= -0.401), family supoert (r= -0.218), important others support (r= - 0.283) (p <0.001 (. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 17.8% of the changes in job burnout were explained by friends, family, and important others support (R2=0.178, p<0.001) whereas support from friends was the strongest predictor of job burnout (β= - 0.338, p <0.001). Social and organizational support explained 35.9% of the changes in job burnout (R2= 0.359, p<0.001) with organizational support being the strongest predictor of  job burnout (β= - 0.472, p<0.001).

Given that organizational support was the most significant predictor of job burnout in workers, developing organizational interventions to increase support in workplace can be regarded as effective strategy to reduce or slow down job burnout among workers.

  Muscle weakness and balance problems are limiting factors in Multiple sclerosis patients that can be improved due to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on balance function and Physiological Cost Index in patients with MS in Yazd city in 1394.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two stages: pretest and post-test. The subjects were selected by targeted and available sampling and randomly divided into training and control groups that included 30 patients (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Subjects in the experimental group participated in an aerobic exercise program for eight weeks, three days a week, each session of 60-90 minutes with an intensity of  50-70% of maximum heart rate. For statistical analysis we used descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and the Shapiro-Wilk test used to measure the normality of the data, independent t-test and the covariance (ANCOVA). The significance level of the tests was p < 0.05 by using the SPSS-25 software.

  ANCOVA results revealed that the selected aerobic training significantly increased both static balance (p = 0.007) and dynamic balance (p = 0.001). Moreover, aerobic training positively influenced the physiological cost index (P = 0.001.

aerobic exercise can improve both static and dynamic balance and increase the Physiological Cost Index in M.S patients. Therefore, these exercises are recommended for patients with MS.