The agricultural sector needs to produce more food, both in terms of quantity and quality, on a planet that face enormous challenges like scarce resources and changing climate. The advancement of digital technologies, Internet of Things and analytics offers new solutions to these complex challenges. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify the applications of IoT in smart agriculture. With the help of meta-synthesis approach, we have examined 480 academic documents written in English and published over a period of 8 years (2010-2017), among which only 168 have been selected for the final analysis. Selected documents were categorized into eight areas of agriculture (including “farming,” “greenhouse,” “urban agriculture,” “horticulture,” “livestock” and “supply and distribution network of agriculture”) and then clustered into six analytics domains corresponding to: “monitoring,” “control,” “tracing,” “diagnosis” and “descriptive planning”. Finally, by using the Shannon entropy method, the effect coefficient of the elements was determined in selected documents and technical uses of internet of things in each agriculture sector have been addressed.

Nowadays, the tourism industry is one of the cornerstones of any sustainable economy, in a manner that it assigns about 10 percent of the global economy. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the profile information of users of one of the most popular social tourism websites called Tripdvisor, by utilizing data mining techniques. For this purpose, the database of the tripadvisor website was considered and the profile information of the users who at least had commented on one of the Iranian hotels was extracted. After that all the information of user profiles were evaluated by feature selection technique and the information that had the most impact on the clustering were identified. In the following, by calculating the Davies–Bouldin index, the optimal number of clusters was obtained and it was three, and the users were divided into three clusters. Each cluster had unique characteristics that were named pioneers, aristocratic friends travel, and low-travel users. Then, based on the characteristics of each of these three clusters and their users' profile information by using association rules, each cluster was attempted to be further identified. Finally, proportional with the analyzed features, some solutions and approaches were provided to increase the participation of these users in the website and targeted promoting programs for each of these users' cluster.

In this study, the statistics of libraries in Iran and the world have been compared based on the Z39.7 standard. The study is an applied research and its method is survey. For this purpose, the history of libraries in Iran and the world based on the standard of library statistics Z39.7 in three sections of application, reporting unit and items, were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Analyzes were performed in two ways: documentary and content. In documentary analysis, using targeted sampling method with receipt and search for the keyword "Library Statistics" in Persian and Latin databases, all sources related to the subject were identified and after screening for duplicate cases, and finally, 138 sources in Iran. And 223 sources remained in the world. In content analysis, using Strauss and Corbin's three-stage open, axial and selective coding analysis method, the data were analyzed in SPSS software and by means of independent t-test, the significance of the difference between the mean usage, reporting unit and items in two independent communities Iran and the world were surveyed. According to the findings, the application of library statistics in Iran is local and provincial and in the world, international and national. The reporting unit is responsible for collecting statistics on libraries in Iran and the world, as well as university libraries, health/ medical services, national, public and specialized. Library statistics items are in Iran, infrastructure and in the world; Human resources, collections, financial resources and services. Library statistics in Iran should be presented through policy-making, coordination and planning based on a standard, scientific, up-to-date, continuous and annual model in order to be upgraded from the level of library directory to the level of library statistics.

Information and communication technology (ICT) can increase economic growth by reorganizing production processes in more ways that are efficient. The results of most studies show the positive and significant impact of ICT on the economic growth of developed countries in the 1990s. The findings of some studies have also confirmed this positive relationship in developing countries; However, this issue should be considered for the selected countries of Mena due to their unbalanced characteristics and weak infrastructure. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of ICT, foreign direct investment (FDI) and General government expenditures on the Economic Growth of MENA countries during the years 1998 to 2019. For this analysis, the generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to analyze the subject. The results showed that the effect of ICT on economic growth is positive and significant, the effect of FDI on economic growth is positive; but it is not statistically significant and the impact of government public spending on economic growth is negative and significant. It should be noted that the effect of other model variables, such as the International Transparency Index (IT), the degree of trade openness (GOPEN) and the rate of domestic capital of each worker (GKD), was not statistically significant.

Nowadays, information technology and communication are an integral part of everyday life of individuals and the condition of the organizations survival. Every business uses the amount of information technology it needs in different parts. This dependency on IT and communications, creates a lot of security problems for organizations. On the other hand, it should be noted that business continuity and service delivery by an organization will only be realized in the context of security. Therefore, the necessity of attention to various aspects of security to organize the organization's security activities, including in telecommunications companies, is becoming more and more evident.security requirements engineering is a well-known and effective solution to systematically facing security issues. Based on this, telecommunication companies can utilize security requirements engineering techniques to meet the security challenges of information technology and communications in an optimal way. In this regard, the maturity assessment model for security requirements engineering can be considered as an open standard road map to evaluate the maturity of telecommunications companies. The purpose of this research is to provide a maturity assessment model for security requirements engineering for for telecommunications companies, and emphasizing on procedural and process considerations of explaining the requirements. For this purpose, the source frameworks and models of security requirements engineering have been studied and and the security processes and procedures related to the requirements explaining have been organized in the form of a conceptual model of maturity assessment. This maturity model has been validated and analyzed through interviewing the experts of selected specialist of telecommunication companies and suggestions have been made to improve the security requirements engineering in these companies.

How to implement business process in many organizations, especially government agencies, is described through documentation in the form of announcements, guidelines and circulars. Increasing the quality of process documentation makes it possible to avoid individual intentions, confusion and deliberate or unwanted inappropriate errors, and thus result in a better business process performance. Despite the importance of document quality in business process performance, very few models are available to determine the desirable level of documentation quality indicators and literature focuses more on defining information quality indicators. In response to this need in the public administration, in this paper, a model is proposed to determine the level of desirable quality of information indicators of documentation in business processes in accordance with process characteristics. This model is based on data collected from fifty-one processes in government agencies that have appropriate qualitative documentation. Collected data was clustered into five groups of homogeneous processes using one-time clustering based on “process characteristics” and one-time based on “process characteristics” and “information quality indicators of each process's documentation” together. Then the pattern in the “information quality indicators of process's documentation” is identified in each group.

The main purpose of this research is measuring the effect of information architecture of The Resource-finder system used in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education on users' learning performance according to the components of the digital library. The present study has been performed by quasi-experimental method and pre-test and post-test methods. The learning styles of the statistical population of the research were assessed using a questionnaire. Using random sampling method, 25 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were invited to conduct this research. Users' learning performance and information retrieval behavior was measured using Morae Recorder (TechSmith, Version 2.2) information processing software. Also, to study the effect of information architecture on e-learning, three aspects of information architecture, system organization, system navigation and digital library search system were coded in the software. After classifying Learning styles that were used with the help of Fielder and Silverman Styles Index, , it was found that learners with separate learning styles, in answering the questions of the learning sheet, have equivalent knowledge to their basic knowledge and in different learning styles, show better performance general learners compared to sequential style learners. Also, the learning performance of users is largely dependent on the use of systems to organize and search the information architecture of that digital environment. There is a significant difference in use between the pre-test and post-test stages among the tested community that has used the information architecture of System of Resource. The research hypothesis confirms the existence of a significant relationship between the information architecture of the system of the Ministry of Health Resource Finder and e-learning of its users.

The purpose of this study is modeling the relationship between virtual education on intellectual capital with mediating of knowledge management in higher education. The method of this study is correlational descriptive and the statistical population was composed of all of Employees of University of Urmia (N=567). Through Cochran formula, 229 samples were determined and were selected via random sampling method. Data gathering tools are standardized questionnaire data Virtual education (Saekow& Samson, 2011), Intellectual Capital (Bontis, 2002) and Knowledge Management (Newman & Conrad, 2000). Reliability of the scales was confirmed by Cronbach’s Alfa and validity of the scales was confirmed by experts. For analyzing data, Structural Equation Modeling was employed. The results revealed that the Virtual education has direct effect on Intellectual Capital (0/80). The direct effect of the Virtual education on the Knowledge Management (0/50) is also positive and significant.). The Knowledge Management have a direct effect on Intellectual Capital (0/26) and the indirect effect of Virtual education on Intellectual Capital (0/13) is positive and significant with mediation Knowledge Management. Finally, the whole effect of the Virtual education on the Intellectual Capital (0/93) was also positive and significant.

One of the procedures that has attracted particular attention in knowledge management in recent years is personal knowledge management, which should be considered a pre-process of knowledge management in the organization. Despite the importance of personal knowledge management, limited studies have been conducted in this field, which are mainly based on technology-based or skill-based approaches, and so far, no study has been conducted that takes a holistic approach to the process of establishing such initiatives. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to develop a process model for establishing personal knowledge management in knowledge-based companies as a potential platform for processes and employees. To achieve the purpose of the research, the qualitative research method of data foundation theory (systematic approach) and paradigm model have been used to develop a new model of personal knowledge management in knowledge-based companies. The statistical population of the study was experts in the field of personal knowledge management, the sampling method was purposeful and judgmental, and the data collection method was semi-structured interviews. Following the paradigm model, the researcher has classified the phenomenon of personal knowledge management into 6 dimensions, 22 concepts, 16 sub-concepts, and 198 codes (characteristics). Despite the different models and frameworks that exist about personal knowledge management, so far the model has not been presented with these specifications to consider the multiple dimensions of the implementation of the personal knowledge management model in an integrated manner. In general, this research is innovative in both methodology and results.

The aim of this study is identifying the role of digital literacy and organizational learning capacity on the General Directorate of Education employees’ job performance. The research method is correlation- descriptive; the statistical population includes all East Azerbaijan province General Directorate of Education employees, including 360 people in 2016. It has been used Stratified random sampling method based on the ratio of the number of every section. The sample size formulated on the Morgan table was 186. It has been used three questionnaires in this study; Digital literacy (Tohidie asll, 2012), organizational capacity (Nikolova & et al., 2014), job performance (Patterson, 2000). The validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed in previous researches. Cronbach’s alpha reliability test for questionnaires showed the 0.93, 0.92, 0.94 in order. The findings showed the correlation between Digital literacy and organizational learning capacity. In addition, organizational learning capacity has a positive effect on job performance and digital literacy had an indirect impact on job performance. Furthermore, the highest correlation was between organizational learning capacity and job performance (r = 0.35). It can be concluded that any increase in digital literacy will give rise to organizational learning capacity and any increase in organizational learning capacity will lead to the increasing of job performance.

The present study aimed to compare the status of scientific collaborations based on the network centrality measures of retracted works in the Middle East countries. In the present study, the bibliometric analysis method, with the scientometrics approach and visualization techniques, was used to visualize scientific collaborations. Research data consisted of 537 records for the years 1975 to 2020 were extracted from the WOS database. Gephi, NodeXL and VOSviewer software are also used to draw collaboration maps and advanced network analysis. The results showed that Iran has a potential role in establishing negative relations with other countries. Most international collaborations have taken place between Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The findings also showed that, in general, Iran had the highest amount of network centrality measures. Concerning the collaboration of universities, the highest number of collaborations occurred between the Islamic Azad University and the University of Tehran. In general, the highest degree of collaboration, Betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality devoted to Islamic Azad University. The results showed that Iran has a potential role in establishing negative relations among other countries. The results also indicate that most of the retracted works have been published by Iranian universities, especially public and medical sciences universities. Since scientific collaboration was very strong among writers of the retracted works, it can be argued that scientific collaboration as an indicator for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of scientific works does not produce a positive result in all cases.

One of the problems that countries have faced in recent decades with the advent of information and communication technology (ICT) is the “digital divide problem”, which refers to the unequal distribution of technology resources and equipment in the ICT field. Therefore, the digital divide is one of the problems that should be considered by policymakers in each country to achieve economic and social development through its effective management. Studies conducted to analyze the digital divide problem have so far been largely non-systematic and without regard to a systematic analysis of the process of technological development and innovation in technical and social aspects. Therefore, in this article, while evaluating the situation of the digital divide in Iran based on the Network Readiness Index (NRI) model, for the first time the new approach of "Problem-oriented Innovation System (PIS)" as a systematic framework for analyzing the problem of the digital divide and providing policy recommendations to reduce it, is introduced and implemented. The research methodology is mixed-method with a descriptive and analytical approach based on documentary-method and survey. Data collection tools are questionnaires, interviews and library studies. The results show that Iran has a significant digital divide with the selected countries under study in this article, and the weakness in the development of digital infrastructure, inconsistencies and multiple parallel works in the policymaking layer and lack of public awareness and necessary skills in the use of ICT, especially in deprived areas, have been among the factors affecting the intensification of Iran's digital divide.