نشریه هوزان
سال چهارم شماره 402 (2020)

Noise pollution is known as one of the main problems in terms of environmental engineering in hospitals.
Noise pollution in the hospital can adversely affect the patient's health and the performance of staff in providing medical services. Therefore, the evaluation of noise pollution and its subsequent control can be effective in improving the performance of hospitals.

To conduct this study, different articles from eight scientific databases were considered using related keywords
in the period 1996 to 2020. Accordingly, 24 articles were reviewed using a 15-point questionnaire.

The results of the evaluation of the studied hospitals showed that the noise level inside and outside these hospitals was higher than the allowable limit. According to reports, factors including patients arguing with nurses, crowds of patients relatives, children, watching TV and talking on cell phones cause noise pollution in hospitals.

In order to reduce the noise in hospitals, in the first place, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct location
of the hospital building and the proper arrangement of the wards. In addition, sound-absorbing materials can be used on the walls, ceiling and floor of the rooms as an efficient option. Finally, educating staff about noise pollution and ways to control it is very effective.

Antibiotics are emerging contaminants that enter in to the human environment (water, soil, and food) via pharmaceutical and hospital wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic removal methods from wastewater in order to comparing and describe various methods.

  Due to the lack of adequate and enough information on the side effects of antibiotics in the environment, various articles were searched using scientific search engines and data base, such as Google scholar, Pubmed, SID, Elsevier, Springer and the WHO web site which collected with key words of removal methods, antibiotics, water and wastewater.

Physical, biological and chemical oxidation methods have been employed for antibiotics removal. Combined methods with some of the above methods, are also being developed. The physico-chemical methods are ozonation, proxone, photocatalytic reactors. Physical processes include zeolite adsorption, activated carbon, and membrane processes which are more useful due to the lack of formation of by-products and free radicals. Biological methods, including various anaerobic and aerobic methods utilize microorganism for removal of pharmaceuticals. Electrochemical, nanotechnology and other combinational methods can be mentioned. Biological methods Due to antibiotic damage on the water and wastewater treatment system, toxic effects on the microbial species and chemical oxidation method due to high costs and complexity are not recommended.

In general, the use of advanced water and wastewater treatment methods, as well as combination methods such as electrochemical, bio-electrochemical systems and advanced oxidation with biological degradation or adsorption, have a better efficiency for the removal of antibiotics, that requiring further testing and application in large scale.

Student satisfaction as the main pillars of the university has increased efficiency and should be at the top of educational planning. Student satisfaction indicates that all educational areas are effective scientifically and practically and refers to a set of consistent and incompatible feelings towards the field of study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate student's satisfaction with their Field of Study in 2019-2020 in Saveh University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive and analytical study performed among students of different fields of medical sciences in Saveh University of Medical Sciences. Students are selected through stratified random sampling from all fields of study and entrance examinations. Data are collected through a research made questionnaire that was designed by some researchers and confirmed by its validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, mode, etc.) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation coefficient and independent t-test) were used for data analysis.

The mean score of satisfaction with the field of study was 57.1 and was average. There was a positive relationship between students' academic satisfaction and their degree (P = 0.012).

Considering the results, attention was given to the advisor support at the universities, the locations and the numbers of students in the academic field and in the recruitment process. It is important for students to be mentored and for families to engage and interact with the educational system in universities.