نشریه مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 8، بهار و تابستان 1396)

One of the main issues related to divorce is the decree of absentee man’s wife, and according to the famous remarks of jurisprudents, this woman can refer to the ruler and divorce from her husband after four years. Nevertheless, the fulfillment of this divorce is along with disagreements having been originated from the difference of narrations. Generally, there are two kinds of narrations including the divorce by husband’s parents and in case of their refusal or absence, the divorce by ruler gets necessary. According to the second narration, the ruler’s order for considering retreat about four moths and ten days is adequate for the execution of divorce. In general, if the husband’s parent agrees with divorce or he is forced, the divorce is on his shoulder. However, if the parent is not present, the divorce decree is assigned to the ruler, and in case of no enforceable parent, the ruler orders the woman to consider retreat and this order is regarded the governmental decree leading to the rescission of marriage contract. There is no consensus related to the amount of retreat on this kind of divorce and by considering the two kinds of the narrations, the retreat on the absentee with known place, the retreat of divorce, and the retreat on the absentee with unknown place, the particular retreat is about four months and ten days.

The importance of family institute in society and its undeniable role in the transfer of culture and value based systems to the next generation has made the researcher study and recognize this social institute. Due to its significance, the sociologists consider their duty to do pathology and to settle its problems. On the other hand, the women are of fundamental role in this institute and the social and behavioral healthiness of women is effective on the health of family. The purpose of this article is the description of woman’s social status in the family relationships as well as the private domain through cinema.  Considering the mutual and reliable relationship between cinema and society which has been done numerous researches about that, it can be achieved an insight of changes on the intellectual patterns dominant on the society through the study of changes happened within the content of media productions. Relying on the viewpoint of Lakani psychology as well as the symptomatic reading, this article studies the way of representation of feminine identity in the movie, About Eli. The findings of research illustrate that this movie is showing a form of deviational identity seeking in women and consequently, the woman has no question about the other’s desire and is aware of what the other wishes and she considers herself as a means of fulfillment of this desire. Consequently, the other’s desire is thoroughly measurable and there is no ambiguity about it. In this situation, the gap between desire and joy is filled and the aim of woman is that the object is some kind of hideous joy that the other has attracted it in the symbolic realm.

Inheritance or environment as the origin of gender differences has been stated in behavioral sciences particularly in psychology. The dispute between inheritance and environment refers to the effectiveness of nature and nurture elements. In view of Allameh Tabatabaee, nature is considered as the origin of differences between men and women. Considering the differences stated by Allameh Tabatabaee in regard with the nature and whatever stated by the scientists in the domain of behavioral sciences, the objective of this article is achieving a precise description of the nature in view of Allameh Tabatabaee. The research has been done via descriptive – analytical method. The author illustrates whatever exists and clarifies the why and how of the issue besides its dimensions. The finding of the article reveals five components of the nature in view of Allameh including purposefulness, systematicity, changeability- perfectionism, harmonious interaction and action against the deviation from the nature. In the discussion and result section, it is investigated the gender differences in view of Allameh through a criterion on the basis of purposefulness and need of nature for a guiding program. In this regard, the differences between men and women are divided into the usual and unusual ones consistent with the determined criteria.

The relationship between philosophy especially epistemology with sciences is considered as an important issue in any science. The purpose of this research is opening the conversation pertaining to the healing of family based on the Islamic culture via the investigation of postmodern epistemological presumptions and its criticism in view of Allameh Tabatabaee. The method of this fundamental research is a qualitative analytical description. Five foundations of epistemological postmodernism including the negation of objectivism, opposition to the subjectivism, historical interlude, negation of post narrations, and priority of language is rejected in view of Allameh Tabatabaee. The healing of family on the basis of postmodern epistemology along with negation of the truth of family as well as the absoluteness of truth and falsity towards the issues of family believes in the negotiation in family, so the healer is not a specialist out of the family to do pathology by presenting some general decrees and patterns in favor of it.  Whereas, family healing in view of Allameh Tabatabaee is evident with principles like the natural fact for family, the culminate aim for person, and kind of human in the atmosphere of family, the capability of verification and falsification of issues on family in line with achieving personal and generic perfection as well as the possibility of achieving factual issues on family through the wisdom, nature, revelation, and also the possibility of presenting pattern to the families by the healer. Hence, the family healer is obliged to instruct the family and do pathology and healing by considering the intellectual and belief foundations besides the native culture.

The main issue related to the relationship between couples is covertness which has included the considerable parts of couples’s behaviors. No clarity in the ethical principles leads to the justification of stealth of couples relying on different reasons and ignorance of its negative consequences. The presentation of criterion and ethical index prevent from the occurrence of the unfavorable stealth and its abnormalities. Furthermore, it clarifies the duty of couples towards an ethical life. The method applied in the present research is descriptive-analytical kind and the way of data collection is thorough the study of library documents. The most important ethical criteria of unfavorable stealth are considered the deception, misleading, hurting spouse, as well as the violation of marital contract. According to these criteria, it can be extracted the ethical indexes including the abusing, misleading and hurting spouse, mental disorder, betraying, being disloyal and lack of commitment or irresponsibility. In this article, it has been explained and analyzed each of the aforementioned issues.

The opportunities for the social cooperation of women lead to the multiplicity of roles and the necessity of their interactions which demonstrate a new image of their identity. Our objective is stating women’s interactive status and the way of their strategic responses in the numerous identity roles being developed in these conditions. The illustration of image from overt, covert and at times unclear strategies of women related to the challenges and conflicts in the private and public domain towards doing their duties is in such a way that they themselves do not determine their conditions. The outcomes of this research done with the qualitative method of demography and technique of thematic analysis with three aspects of description, analysis and interpretation of results and interviewing with 38 woman from Tehran illustrates that the women show more tendency towards the flexible and manageable interactions during rethought process and the constant challenging these women put them in the situation of violating some structures. Women constantly reform the gaps present in life being considered as the interpretative reform based interactions and it leads them towards the development of interaction and adaptation. Accordingly, the ethics of surveillance along with reform based interactions in favor of women is regarded as the best possible consequence and a kind of successful strategy in their life.