نشریه پژوهشهای سیاسی جهان اسلام
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 34، بهار 1399)

Iran and Saudi Arabia have been engaging in regional competition over the past four decades. One of the events that made this competition impressive was the emergence of ISIS in Iraq and Syria. In such a way as to bring the two actors into an open hostility. Therefore, the present study sought to answer the question of how did the end of political life of this group affect the regional status of Iran and Saudi Arabia? The research hypothesis is that with the decline of ISIS, the influence and regional status of Iran has increased and the regional status of Saudi Arabia has fallen as its main protector. The research findings showed that, with the collapse of the balance of power in the Middle East, with the defeat of ISIS, Iran and Saudi Arabiachr('39')s rivalry in Yemen and other countries has intensified. Secondly, the regional order drafted by the United States has changed. Thirdly, the two countries have emboldened the identity of each other in a hostile way, based on new material and semantic structures. For research purposes, descriptive-analytic method has been used based on constructivist theory. The necessary
resources are also gathered in a library way.

In contemporary world, non-governmental organizations in the global literature is introduced as a tool for demonstrating the power of people and as a mediator between the government and people and is of great importance. Therefore, in Islamic Republic of Iran as a democratic country, people have an important role and are of great importance. Thus, non-governmental organizations have had an important role in the victory and continuity of Islamic Republic of Iran. There are many principles regarding the democratic nature of the country and respecting people’s rights in the constitution. In the present article in which we try to study the approach of eighth and ninth government towards non-governmental, cultural, and social organizations, after expanding the conceptual framework of the research topic, we will explain the importance of the people and their role in non-governmental organizations. The research methodology of this article is descriptive-analytical and comparative and the data have been gathered from library resources. The findings of the research indicate that the victory of Islamic Revolution in 1357, change in the political structure of Iran, the advent of some signs of democratic discourse instead of absolute modernism discourse during Pahlavi era, and finally establishment republican structure, shows the start of a new era in Iran’s social and political structure; second, in comparison with the presidency of Ahmadinejhas, during the presidency of Khatami, non-governmental organizations have been reinforced and these organizations have been of great importance during the eighth government.

An analysis of events related to the rise of mass violence in the contemporary Islamic world shows that a significant portion of these events are due to the actions of the Takfiri movement, which is to attribute infidelity to a Muslim individual or group, and based on political origin to two official and informal (non-governmental ) is divided into official takfiri when a state recognized by the Islamic world establishes an allegation against a person or part of the Islamic community, and informal takfiri is when it is claimed by individuals Or groups other than official government against a person or part of the Islamic community Declared as disbelievers Some believe that contemporary formal takfir is a reproduction of secular thought and contemporary informal takfir is a reproduction of foreign thought in the early days of Islam, while evidence suggests that both formal and informal takfirism are more than influenced. Kharijite cultures are influenced by the Nazi-era legacy of Umayyadism, although contemporary official takfiris are close to the Umayyads and unofficial contemporary takfiris to the Khawarijs. There are formal and informal takfiris on common issues and in the same way There are differences and differences, but the influence of foreign powers on both the official and the informal Takfir spectrum seems to continue as some of the recognized systems in the Muslim world continue the official takfiri of other Muslims. It will find, therefore, the cure for the current Takfiri movements and groups to end the official Takfirism in the Islamic world.  So the keywords in this article are:Official Takfir, Unofficial Takfir, Takfiri Salafi, New Nawāṣib, New Khawarij, Islamic World.

With the formation of Ekh-wan-ol-Moslemeen group in Syria, the political Islam appeared among the Sonnie society of this country for the first time. Due to Islamic awakening in Arab countries and intensification of internal causes and backgrounds of Syria’s crisis, extremist Islamist groups simultaneously established in Syria. These groups by aggressive behaviors like guerrilla attacks and terrors, using military and logistic supports of international and regional actors, obtained an unprecedented power and almost threatened the Syrian political administration to collapse.  What is the effects of extremist Islamist groups on the political instability of Syria, at Bashar Asad period? This is the main question of this study. To answer this question, with considering the Syrian political administration properties and the commencing of Islamic awakening in Arab countries, it was supposed as an hypothesis that, these groups used the ongoing situations and opportunity. So they caused the formation, continuing, and enhancing of anti- administration   protests, terrors, insurrection, and guerrilla wars. Outcomes of study show that, the actions and challenges of extremist Islamist groups resulted to changes in Syria’s administration, but not in whole society and regime. The research method applied in this study, is the qualitative method, using gathering references such as papers, documents, and librarian & internet based references by means of a comparative approach.

This paper tries to figure out how to formulate the political discourse of the eleventh government in a competitive atmosphere with other discourses and with regard to the specific conditions and political climate of the Iranian society. The statistical community of the survey was all television debates of the presidential candidates of the twelfth presidential election, This is between the text of the discussions of Hassan Rouhani and Ishaq Jahangiri as the sample society. The way to identify, redefine and redefine discursive slogans and create distinct and distinct boundaries for understanding the dominant approach to discourse space or hegemony. For this purpose, we used interlacing analysis using the Fractal method and then, using the Laclau and Mouffe method, we extracted the central slab and floating slabs, and reflected the formation of the political discourse of the eleventh government in the form of a chart. The method of frackling by equipping the researcher with tools for Understanding how the ballads are represented and the techniques used by the speaker in order to accept the propositions and influence our audience helps us to get an overview of the discourse provided by the eleventh government. The strategies used by the moderation flow showed that this discourse continued. He is the author of the reform dialogue There are suggestions for strengthening civil society and accompaniment with the people to the extent of attracting their votes. In the following, we tried to include the image in the theoretical framework of the study, the method of analyzing the discourse of Laklaw and Mufa, the main condition for the establishment of the discourse, which is the existence of others and the necessity The presence and existence of antitrust and other boundaries gives a more complete picture of this discourse and its implications.

Africa’s 0 - 15 degrees of latitude North is one of the most Conflict regions in the world. Interfaith and religious Conflicts between followers of Islam and Christianity or between Religious groups with states are one of the types of conflicts in the region. The important point in examining conflicts, is pay attention to their roots. One aspect of this issue is the geopolitical analysis of these conflicts. The goal of this research is to explain the roots of interfaith and religious Conflicts in Africa’s 0 - 15 degrees of latitude North from a geopolitical point of view.

On the basis of purpose, the current study is considered to be a ‘Basic Research’. In terms of nature and method, is ‘descriptive’ and in terms of attitude, it is in the category of "descriptive-analytic" research. Gathering of data is done by documentary method and benefiting from a library resources. Data analysis method is qualitative.

Analysis of the roots of interfaith and religious Conflicts in Africa’s 0 - 15 degrees of latitude North and of the end of the Cold War (1991) shows that in this type of conflict, the mutual role of the elements of chr('39')politicschr('39'), chr('39')powerchr('39') and chr('39')geographychr('39') and the consequences of it are obvious and the conflicts are of a geopolitical nature.

Of the 29 countries of Africa’s 0 - 15 degrees of latitude North, 21 countries are involved in a variety of conflicts. In 7 countries, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Central African Republic, Nigeria and Ivory Coast, 10 cases of "Interfaith and religious Conflicts" have happened and is happening. A deeper look at the causes of the conflict represents a role of geopolitics in their occurrence. The study has achieved 9 geopolitical factors for interfaith and religious Conflicts which are generalizable to other conflicts of this type in other parts of the world.

Today, political orientation is one of the essentials of human societies in modern times, being one of the most influential factors in the countrychr('39')s decision-making and executive processes, as well as the link between the people and political sovereignty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of political marketing, political culture and social capital on political Trend. This is a descriptive-correlational study and a five-point Likert questionnaire was used to collect data. Its content validity was confirmed by experts, academics, and expert experts. Reliability of the instrument was at a good level by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha (./805). The statistical population of this study is the citizens of Tehran. Data were analyzed using SPSS tools and Smart PLS software. The findings showed that the role of political marketing on social capital (T: 18/134), political culture (T: 12/749) and political Trend (T: 2/628) as well as the role of social capital on political Trend (T: 4 / 882) is meaningful and positive, but the role of political culture in political Trend (T: 1/092) was not confirmed.

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran led to a fundamental change in the strategic region of West Asia and to break the equations of the international system in the world and in the region. In order to explain the nature of the resistance discourse competition in opposition to hostile discourses in the strategic area of ​​West Asia - in the period after the Islamic Revolution in Iran 1979/1997 and the Arab revolutions 2011-2011 - it is necessary to present its important components and elements with a descriptive-analytical approach in a realistic way. The present article examines for the first time the realization of this realism in Copenhagenchr('39')s theoretical framework. In fact, political Islam is the main influential discourse in the regionchr('39')s recent developments, and its sectarian application is the strategic area of ​​West Asia. During the period of tension and turmoil with war, violence and religious and ethnic differences, this work seeks to answer this question to the effect of the (Shiite) resistance discourse on the hegemonic security order of West Asia in the face of Salafi and eloquent discourses. Apparently, Shiite supranational and transnational groups have reproduced the idea that they have the ability to change the order in the region.

Futures studies and geopolitics are different and related concepts. From the perspective that futurism is an interdisciplinary concept that can be employed as a suffix or prefix to every discipline. The geopolitical study increases the level of oneschr('39') knowledge in the realm of the country, the state-nation, or a geographic location at the national, regional, and global levels in the geographic space. Therefore, studying the geopolitical futures studies paves the way for reaching power. Thus, using the futures studies in the formulation of geopolitical theories increases their significance. In the present paper, in addition to explaining the influential geopolitics propellers on the center of the Islamic world, we will answer this question: How will be the geopolitics of the Islamic world center based on futures studies? It seems that the elements of war, Arab, and oil are among the propellers that will play a significant role in the formation of the current situation continuity scenario or the development and transformation scenario in the center of the Islamic world. The aim of this paper is to present a geopolitical perspective of the center of the Islamic world and possible and potential developments in the future. The expected findings indicate that the social, economic, and security structures of the Islamic world will develop geopolitically.