فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی
سال سی و پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 138، پاییز 1399)

Occurrence of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, in urban environments has destructive effects and humans are also increasingly suffering from the harmful effects of these disasters. Therefore, proper recognizing and planning before the accident can reduce the devastating effects of these events, casualties and financial losses left by them. The aim of this study was to identify the vulnerability of the physical tissue of Hashtgerd new city against a probable earthquake.

The present research is applied and descriptive-analytical study. At first, eight indicators, such as, accessibility to open spaces, building density, population density, land use, closeness to fault zone, access to vital services, accessibility to street network and passagechr('39')s width were selected by using the opinion of experts and Likert scale, and finally the critical areas of the city were revealed through quantitative content analysis of indicators and weighting each of them by AHP method in Expert Choice software program, and analyzing the vulnerability of Hashtgerd new town in GIS software.

Only about 18% of the city, which includes phases 1, 2, 3, and part of phase 4, were in a crisis situation. 54.91% of its area had low and very low vulnerability and 26.73% had moderate vulnerability.

The vulnerability of the new city of Hashtgerd can be reduced by increasing the density of green spaces in the city and their proper distribution, controlling population and building density in the direction of the entrance axis and their balanced distribution in the city, increasing the number of vital centers, respecting the privacy of faults, especially in phases 2, 4 and 5 and assigning these points to spaces Urban greenery, proper planning for using the wastelands and the lack of proximity to incompatible uses.

Improving spatial access to public services is one of the effective tasks of urban management to develop urban living standards which provides justly facilitating and benefiting of received services for citizens. The aim of this study was to apply the dynamic locating of public services centers in long-term urban management planning.

In this applied descriptive research, at first the studied conditions were defined in terms of decision variables, parameters, objective function and limitations by reviewing the research background and expertschr('39') opinions. Then the data were collected using databases and expert opinions and finally, mathematical modeling of dynamic locating was performed to maximize the desirability of selecting the counters offices of Civil Registration in Mashhad and the model was solved by the CPLEX solver with the branch and cut algorithm.

While identifying the indicators of desirability of candidate points, the location of offices in urban areas, the time of reopening and closing, and relevant time period were determined. Activity timing and locating offices, covering 80% of the population and suitable geographical distribution with 39 offices were performed, and optimal value of the objective function was achieved in terms of the indicators considered by the stakeholders and maximum desirability.

Due to the low performance of static models, demographic changes and demand in the field of urban management, a dynamic model was used to solve this problem to provide a more accurate picture of the time of office creation in each area, the ability to select offices with appropriate reliability for activity. And allocating the customers of every region per period to the best location in terms of providing stakeholder indicators.

The tourism industry is one of the most sensitive industries in terms of quality of service to the tourists. Therefore, identifying the real level of quality of received services by tourists will be the first step to increase their satisfaction. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of tourism services in rural areas of Torqabeh in Binaloud city from the perspective of tourists.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 263 tourists in rural areas of Torqabeh in Binaloud city in 2019. Data were collected using library resources and in the field using a questionnaire to assess the quality of tourism services and were analyzed by one-sample t-test, Vikor and entropy models and SERVQUAL model.

Jaghargh village with the Q-score of 0.034 had the highest rank due to the presence of more attractions, the availability of amenities and services, sanitary infrastructures, car park, and so on. Hesar village with the Q-score of 459.71 had the lowest rank among the villages of the study area due to the lack of communication and road infrastructures and the high distance to the center of the city. Also the results of SERVQUAL model showed that there is a moderate gap between the administration and expectations of tourists in terms of the quality of rural tourism services.

The tourist destination villages have a difference spatially in the service quality and also in terms of the service quality gap, the largest gap is observed in terms of the empathy and accountability dimensions.

Inequality has different dimensions and one of these dimensions is inequality related to the health indicators and health in general. Inequality in access to health indicators exists in both developed and developing countries. The aim of the present study was to analyze the health inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, using Mabak technique.

In this analytical-comparative study, the data required for the research were collected through statistical yearbooks and general population and housing censuses of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and health inequalities among 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in 2019 were analyzed using Mabak technique.

Boyer-Ahmad Township was at the desired level with a score of 0.773. The townships of Kohgiluyeh with a score of 0.184 and Gachsaran with a score of 0.133 were somewhat desired. Dena Township with a score of -0.110 and Choram Township with a score of -0.144 were at the deprived level. The townships of Bahmaei with a score of -0.165, Basht with a score of -0.178 and Lende with a score of -0.203 were located in the very deprived level.

In terms of access to health services, Boyer-Ahmad Township is in the highest rank and the townships of Bahmaei, Basht, and Lende are in the very deprived level and need special attention.

Understanding the effect of urban physical development on urban air instability is a challenging issue. The aim of the present study was to analyze the environmental change index of urban sprawls and its relationship with the severe weather threat index (SWEAT) within four major cities of Iran and Turkey in the current situation (2018) and future probabilities (2030).

In this study, severe weather storm index data were extracted from upper-air level data in the radiosonde stations of Tehran, Mashhad, Ankara, and Istanbul. Also, urban sprawl data were obtained from the global data of the extent of human settlements.

Analyzing the urban sprawl data revealed that the cities of Ankara and Istanbul have the highest physical development, respectively. According to the findings of the urban sprawl development model, the most severe rate of urban sprawl development is predicted for the city of Tehran. Based on the calculation of the environmental change index (ΔY) caused by sprawl dispersion, it was determined that the values ​​of this index will be estimated between 0.61 to 1.98 for the four urban case studies in the future, where the most severe index (1.98) can be calculated for Tehran.

Calculation of SWEAT in 2018 shows that the urban sprawl development and its resulting environmental changes had a significant effect on increasing occurrences of severe weather storms in the all urban areas with a correlation rate of 0.913. The forecast of this index also shows that the average severe weather storm index will increase between %19 to %118 by 2030 in the all urban areas, in which the most value is predictable for the city of Tehran.

Amis:

 Climate changes are the most dominant characters in quaternary period. The aim of this research was to reconstruct the least phase quaternary climate condition in Shahdad basin.

At first the Wright and Porter method were used to access the last temperature and rainfall, and then the cirques and terraces were recognized based on the topography maps 1:50000 and digital elevation model of 30m.

The maximum and minimum of temperature and rainfall were 25°C and 5°C and 210 and 60 ml in the present time, as well as, 20°C and -20°C and 450 and 150 ml in the last time. The altitude of perpetual snow line was 2908 m in the Wright method by passing the line of 60% of the location of glacial circuses of Shahdad basin, 2849 m in the cirque-floor altitude method, 3018 m in the altitude ratio method, and finally 2850 m in the Accumulation-area ratio method. The average of these four methods was 2906 altitude. 104 circuses were identified, with the highest frequency of circuses at an altitude of 2700 to 2900 meters. Also, by reconstructing the lake terraces and establishing a connection between the co-altitude terraces, 5 terraces were identified, which were located at altitudes of 1000, 800, 550, 400, and 250 meters.

Although, today Shahdad basin has located in the dry climate area, but evidence has shown that this basin has glacial signs including glacial terraces, cirques and etc., and had lower temperature and more rainfall in the past. Therefore using the geomorphologic signs is a suitable method for reconstructing the old environment and climate during the last period of the maximum Expansion of glaciers

Amis:

 Religious tourism is considered one of the most prosperous tourism types by many planners and managers of holy cities. Tourists are one of the most influential groups in planning holy cities, and it is necessary to see touristschr('39') behavior in the plans and policies of urban planners because planning holy cities by the behavior of tourists lead to their satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and prioritize touristschr('39') behavioral components in Mashhad to obtain their satisfaction.

This descriptive study was conducted in the summer of 2019 in tourists in Mashhad. 384 people were randomly selected and answered the researcher-made questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data, and the Friedman test was used to prioritize.

The loyalty component related to the satisfaction dimension with an average of 4.80, the mental image component related to the attitude dimension with an average of 4.35 and the needs component related to the motivation dimension with an average of 4.18 had the most and the commitment components with an average of 3.46 and participation with an average of 3.28 had the least impact on urban planning.

To gain more satisfaction with tourists, the results of which can be reflected in participation, commitment, and loyalty to the destination city, accurate and comprehensive identification of tourist behavior in the destination city should be considered by managers and urban planners.

Endogenous urban development is one of the three policies of urban development, which is presented along with two policies of connected or continuous urban development (creating towns connected to the city and within the official city limits) and separate or intermittently urban development policy (creating new cities at a distance from the mother city). This approach has several comparative advantages over the other two policies. The purpose of this study was spatial assessment and analysis of endogenous development zones in region 3 of Isfahan metropolis.

The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The ANP model was used to determine the areas of internal development, and the nearest neighbor index and the Getis-Ord model were used to analyze its clusters.

According to the calculations of ANP model, very high, high, low and very low priority areas for endogenous development had 0.97, 0.91, and 430 hectares, respectively. Therefore, about 188 hectares of the texture of region 3 of Isfahan is prone to internal development. According to the nearest neighbor mean method, the distribution pattern of very high and high priority areas had a z-scoer of -20.85, which indicates a completely cluster distribution pattern of these lands. According to the Getis-Ord Gi model, the priority areas were in the northern and central part and the low priority clusters were in the southern part of the region.

The northern and central parts of Zone 3 are in a good position in terms of land use proximity indicators. In general, certain parts of Region 3 have the potential for internal development. Therefore, the implementation of intermediate development will cause the worn-out tissue of Region 3 to flourish and also to get out of isolation.

The frequency of criticisms about the “Master Plan Model” and its long-term and almost unchanging persistence, despite the extensive instabilities before and after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, indicate the need to examine the "relationship between the planning style and the planning environment" that has been forgotten. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of this model in the Iranian planning environment.

In the research process, the ‘planning style’ and ‘Planning style identification device’ were clarified by the documentary research method. And, by the content analysis method and its relevant reasoning styles, the elements of two groups: “the planning environment of Iran” and “the determinants of, and constraints on, planning factors” that used to selecting the compatibility planning style, both of them elucidate the “Planning style identification device” indicators, were evaluated.

The characters of “the big image” of Iranchr('39')s planning environment was: an unstable figure; indeterminacy future visions; a planning environment which is under control of political system and government structures; an unsustainable community with several Cleavages in society and a Specific feature that named “Iranian-Islamic” society. And also shown that the effected factors in evaluating planning style is: “uncertain” on ‘image’; “holistic” in ‘community image’; “wide” for ‘Scope of image’; “incomplete” in ‘controlling the planning environment’; “small” in ‘Relative autonomy’; “political role” for ‘The planner role’ and with high “internal and external planning time”.

The suitable planning style for the Iranian planning environment: In the ‘planning approach’ tends to “process planning with a timing revision framework”; in the ‘Review & Evaluation’ tends to “Comprehensive Rational Planning” and in the ‘planning act’ tends to “normative planning”. Also it was illustrated the inconsistency of the Iranian planning environment with the current ‘Master Plan model’ and the “rational comprehensive planning” can be the suitable planning style.