مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 5 (پیاپی 124، آذر 1399)

Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) are the originators and beginning points of the spermatogenesis process. Moreover, they are considered the only stem cells in the body that could transfer genetic information to the next generation through gametogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the potency and power of SSC under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

 Enzymatic digestion technique was utilized to extract the spermatogonial cells of the pig and mousechr('39')s testis. They were then cultured in an environment containing FGF, EGF, GDNF, and a feeder layer of STO.  For immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analysis, Ki67, POU5F1, and ZBTB16 markers were used to evaluate the resulted colonies. Ethics code: Ir.ausmt.rec.1398.03.07

The nature of the SSC resulted after separation and culture was proved through measures, such as cluster growth of the colonies in the culture medium, Ki67 marker expression in the immunocytochemistry review which showed the duplication ability, and the morphological criteria observed by an electron microscope. Moreover, the comparative expression of POU5F1 and ZBTB16 markers in the embryonic stem cells, SSC, and Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules of the mouse was analyzed by RT-PCR.

This experimental study investigated the expression of Ki67, POU5F1, and ZBTB16 in the seminiferous tubules and special cytological features of SCC. The findings are beneficial for future advanced studies in reproductive biology fields.

The ID protein enhances cell proliferation and inhibits differentiation, which determines its association with the process of intestinal tumorigenesis. Helicobacter infection is associated with the expression of different ID genes. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the ID1 gene in AGS cells transfected with the pFLAG-CMV-3-tagD recombinant vector.

In the present study, AGS cells were cultured in the RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% bovine fetal serum. Subsequently, these cells were transfected with two pFLAG-CMV-3-tagD or pFLAG-CMV-3 plasmids. Moreover, the plasmid recipient cells were selected by adding 600 mg/LG418. Following that, wwhole-cell RNA was purified using RNX-Plus solution, and the cDNA was synthesized using a kit. The mRNA expression level of ID1 was assessed using q-RT PCR with appropriate primers. Eventually, the expression of each gene was evaluated in SPSS software through an independent t-test. Ethics code: IR. IAU.SHK.REC.1399.026

The results of RT-PCR confirmed the successful expression of the helicobacter pylori tagD gene in AGS cells. Moreover, the gene expression analysis showed that the ID1 gene expression was significantly decreased in tagD-treated AGS cells, compared to the control cells (P=0.0113).

The present study showed that the ID1 gene expression was altered in cells treated with the helicobacter pylori tagD gene. In addition, it seems that the helicobacter pylori tagD gene is involved in this expression change.

Recently, much attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) due to their eco-friendly, cost-effective, and easily applied nature. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs using Eriobotrya Japonica seed aqueous extract. Moreover, it was attempted to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Initially, the Eriobotrya Japonica seed aqueous extract was prepared, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured in this study. After the preparation of ZnO NPs by the extract, the antioxidant activity of ZnO NPs was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the extract and NPs were determined using a disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli gram-negative bacteria. Ethics code:  Ir.ausmt.rec.1398.11.33

The results showed that aqueous extract had a specific amount of phenolic and flavonoids (9.86 mg/g and 27 mg/g dry weight of extract, respectively). Moreover, the synthesized ZnO NPs were <30 nm in diameter with a good absorption rate at 349 nm. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the extract and NPs indicated an increase in the antioxidant activity following an increase in the concentration. Furthermore, the anti-bactericidal activity results demonstrated an appropriate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, whereas the aqueous extract had no antibacterial activities.

The findings revealed that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs had appropriate antioxidant and bactericidal activities. This suggests that the NPs can be used in various sectors, such as cosmetic products and food packaging, as a potential alternative to synthetic antibiotics.

Cadmium is an environmental and industrial pollutant that causes nephrotoxicity. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the protective effect of astaxanthin on the levels of urea and creatinine, as well as kidney tissue in cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity.

In total, 42 mice were divided into seven groups of control, sham (received saline and olive oil), cadmium (received cadmium at a dose of 1 mg/kg for 14 days [sub-acute] and a dose of 3 mg/kg for 1 day [acute]), and treatments (received a dose of 10 mg/kg astaxanthin for 14 days with 1 mg/kg cadmium along with astaxanthin for 14 days and 3 mg/kg cadmium at the last day). It is worth mentioning that the injection was intraperitoneally and each group included six animals. The levels of creatinine and urea were evaluated in the serum, and the kidney sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Ethics code: IR.UMZ.REC.1397.107

The results showed a significant increase in the level of urea at an acute dose of cadmium, compared to the sham group (P<0.05). However, urea level had no changes at the sub-acute dose of cadmium. Moreover, Astaxanthin significantly decreased the level of urea at the acute dose of cadmium (P<0.001), compared to the level of urea at the sub-acute dose. Furthermore, cadmium and astaxanthin did not alter the creatinine level. Cadmium causes dilation and bleeding of the renal tubular, compared to the control group; however, astaxanthin improved tissue injury induced by cadmium.

Astaxanthin with the protective effect on kidney tissue and the improvement of glomerular filtration prevents nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium.

The results of studies on the biological effects of ionizing radiation can play an important role in reducing the risk of occupational hazards of personnel working at the radiological departments of the hospital. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of aluminum, manganese, and selenium in the blood serum of operating room staff and their association with occupational radiation exposure.

In total, 100 healthy operating room staff was selected using systematic random sampling. They were then divided into three groups of radiation workers, non-radiation worker, and test (those who were exposed to X-rays but did not wear film badges). Subsequently, two milliliters of peripheral blood were taken intravenously from volunteers and centrifuged to separate serum. The concentration of three elements was read by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The analysis of variance was used to analyze the concentration of aluminum, manganese, and selenium in all groups. Moreover, the fitting curve of the occupational exposure was described using the R software. Ethics code: ir.kums.rec.1397.467

The normality of the data was assessed and confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Moreover, the concentration values (ng/ml) of aluminum, manganese, and selenium were 8.62, 9.08, and 76.15, as well as 13.53, 12.14, and 140.97 in the non- and radiation worker groups, respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant for all three elements (P<0.001). Furthermore, the corresponding values for aluminum, manganese, and selenium were 9.54, 8.76, and 105 in the test group.

Occupational radiation can increase the concentration of manganese, aluminum, and selenium in the blood serum. These results suggest the necessity for more investigations on operating room personnel who do not wear film-badges.

Diabetes is the most prevalent endocrine disease. Apoptosis and necroptosis play a major role in the development of diabetes-related heart diseases; however, the effects of continuous and interval exercise on apoptosis and necroptosis of the heart cells in diabetics are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise on apoptosis and necroptosis of the cardiac tissue of diabetic mice.

In total, 32 mature, male, and white Wistar rats (mean age of 12±2 weeks and weight of 175±15 g) were randomly divided into four groups of eight animals per group. The groups included a healthy control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic with moderate-intensity continuous training (55 min with 26 m/min speed daily) (D+MICT), and diabetic with high-intensity interval training at the 85-90% of maximum speed (D+HIIT) (5 days/week for 8 weeks). Before the training protocol, the running speed was calculated to obtain the maximum oxygen consumption. Western blot analysis was utilized to evaluate the changes in the expression of the proteins associated with apoptosis and necroptotic death path in the diabetic heart muscle myocardium. Furthermore, the one-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences among the study groups. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethics code: IAU.SARI.REC.1397.8

 The results indicated that type 2 Diabetes Mellitus significantly increased both apoptotic and necroptotic cell death (P=0.001). However, both continuous and interval training moderated the apoptotic cell death (P≤0.05). Nonetheless, the effect of interval training was higher than that of the continuous one. It is worth mentioning that only interval training had a significant effect on reducing the necroptosis (P≤0.05).

 It seems that continuous and interval exercise affects apoptotic death; however, intense interval exercise is more effective in necroptotic death.

Children with the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) suffer from numerous intrapersonal and interpersonal problems. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parent management training (PMT) and play therapy on anxiety and social problems of children with ODD.

This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with one control and two experimental groups. The statistical population consisted of all elementary female students with a diagnosis of ODD in Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2018. This study included 45 female adolescents who were selected through the purposive sampling method and divided into three groups of PMT, play therapy, and control. Mothers of children with ODD in the PMT group were investigated in this study. The data were collected using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through ANCOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Ethics code: IR.HUMS.REC.1398.128

The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding anxiety (F=6.43, P<0.05) and social problems (F=14.14, P<0.05) of children with ODD at the posttest. However, no significant difference was observed between the PMT and play therapy groups.

According to the findings, PMT and play therapy can be used as effective ways to reduce the intrapersonal and interpersonal problems of children with ODD.

Given that a huge amount of cost is imposed on public and private hospitals from the department of liver diseases, it is necessary to provide a method to predict liver diseases. This study aimed to propose a hybrid model based on the Ant Lion Optimization algorithm and K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm to diagnose liver diseases.

This descriptive-analytic study proposed a hybrid model based on machine learning algorithms to classify individuals into two categories, including healthy and unhealthy (those with liver diseases). The proposed model has been simulated using MATLAB software. The datasets used in this study were obtained from the Indian Liver Patient Dataset available in the Machine Learning Repository at the University of Irvine, California. This dataset contains 583 independent records, including 10 features for liver diseases

After pre-processing, the dataset was randomly divided into 20 categories of the entire dataset, which included different training and test data. In each category of the dataset, 90% and 10% of the data were used for training and test, respectively. Regarding all features, the results obtained the most accurate mode at 95.23%. Moreover, according to the criteria of specificity and sensitivity accuracy, the corresponding values were 93.95% and 94.11%, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed model along with five features was estimated at 98.63%.

This model was proposed to diagnose and classify liver diseases along with an accuracy rate of higher than 90%. Healthcare centers and physicians can utilize the results of this study.

Nowadays, exposure to electromagnetic waves has raised concerns for pregnant mothers about cognitive disorders that affect neonates. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of electromagnetic waves and physical activity on learning, spatial memory, and levels of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the neonates of pregnant rats. Materials &

Pregnant Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into three groups of seven animals per group (Physical activity [PA], Electromagnetic fields [EMF], and AP+EMF). All groups underwent intervention during 21 days of pregnancy period. Subsequently, 2.4 GHz frequency and swimming were selected for the intervention. After delivery, 21 neonates were kept under natural in vitro conditions for 56 days (until maturity). Eventually, the Morris Water Maze test was performed, and the hippocampus was removed to measure BDNF. Ethics code: IR.SSRI.REC.1399.919

The result of one-way ANOVA showed that the traveled distance (P=0.007) and time to reach the platform (P=0.01) in the EMF group was significantly higher, compared to the PA group. Moreover, the results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test showed a significant increase in the level of the hippocampal BDNF in the groups of PA and EMF+PA, compared to the EMF group (P=0.007 and P=0.02, respectively). Discussions &

Electromagnetic waves during pregnancy have a devastating effect on the memory and learning of the offspring of rats. However, physical activities, including swimming, can mitigate the destructive effects of these waves during pregnancy.

This study proposed a method to investigate the damage caused by Auger emitter radionuclide radiation. Materials &

This study investigated the detailed rate of breaks induced by iodine radionuclide at different intervals from the DNA center using the Geant4-DNA toolkit and based on the atomic geometric model.

The mean number of breaks in DNA is shown as a function of distance from the center of the DNA axis to the position of Auger emission radionuclide decay.

The highest damage occurs by electrons with energies below 1 keV, especially in the proximity of DNA.