نشریه اسلام و سلامت
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The amount of alcohol in food samples is very important from the point of view of toxicology and religion. Due to the frequent use of vinegar in the food industry and the possibility of alcohol in the final product during alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation processes, the present study measured the amount of vinegar ethanol in industrial and traditional samples.

To measure the amount of alcohol in vinegars, the samples were diluted and filtrated, then injected into a gas chromatography. In order to investigate the effect of time on the amount of alcohol production and conversion, the measurements were carried out at different time intervals.

Some amounts of alcohol were found both in industrial and traditional vinegar. The alcohol percentage was higher in traditional than industrial vinegars.

The high alcohol content of traditional vinegars compared to the industrial ones can be related to the difference in the methods of preparation of these two types of vinegars. Moreover, since over time, there is a significant difference in the amount of alcohol in vinegar, in the preparation of any type of industrial vinegar, especially traditional, it is necessary to optimize the supply time of the final product in order to minimize the percentage of alcohol. This is important especially for traditional vinegars, which are mostly made at home without the supervision of relevant organizations.

For many years, the promotion and development of traditional medicine along with modern medicine has been the main focus of the WHO. In Iran, traditional medicine is not provided at the executive level of the health system. The aim of this study was to determine the viewpoints of managers and executors regarding the use of traditional medicine in the Iranian family physician program (FPP).

This cross-sectional study was conducted by holding 16 panels of experts in the winter of 2017. The research population including 481 managers and executers of the implementation of the urban family physician program in 28 cities of Fars province were selected by census. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were entered in Excel and analyzed in SPSS 23 at the significant level of p<0.05.

Among the 481 subjects, 56.5% were male and most of them had a bachelorchr('39')s degree. The familiarity level of 64.9% of people with traditional medicine was very low and low, 28.3% moderate as well as 6.8% high and very high. The mean viewpoint of the subjects was 2.98±0.7 in 5. The highest level of attitude was about avoiding haste and positive effect of empowerment. The lowest level of individuals’ attitude was regarding adequate supervision of traditional medicine providers and family physicians having the necessary knowledge and skills. There was a significant difference between age, level and field of study, residence and occupation of people with their familiarity and attitude toward the use of traditional medicine (P<0.05).

This study showed that the familiarity level of people with traditional medicine was low, and their attitude was moderate. Therefore, it is essential to implement the intervention programs.

The spirituality is a complex index with multiple dimensions. Spirituality and religion are an important source for achieving a sense of meaning and purpose of life. Previous studies have shown that some structures of religiosity are associated with the severity of the symptoms of mental disorders. On the other hand, this structure can be associated with spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence index in predicting religiosity and life satisfaction.

In a cross-sectional study, in the form of a research based on a correlation design, from October 2017 to May 2018, among the students of Azad University, North Tehran Branch, 237 students were estimated based on Cochran’s formula and were selected based on cluster sampling method and after confirming the necessary criteria, they entered into the study process. Three questionnaires of spiritual intelligence, religiosity and life satisfaction were completed by the participants at one time. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression tests using SPSS 21.

The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and the four dimensions of religiosity (all Pchr('39')s= 0.01). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between four dimensions of spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction (all Pchr('39')s= 0.01). In addition, spiritual intelligence predicted 0.212% of the variance of religiosity and 0.042% of the variance of life satisfaction. These two indicators explained 0.255% of the changes in spiritual intelligence.

The findings of the present study suggest the role of spiritual intelligence in predicting religiosity and life satisfaction in students. These results can be correlated to clinical implications in the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Elementary period is one of the most important periods and plays a vital role in acquainting students with religious beliefs, especially Qurchr('39')an teaching. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the content of textbooks teaching Qurchr('39')an in all elementary schools based on the components of the health system.

In this descriptive study, the content analysis method was used. The statistical population of the current study was all textbooks teaching Qurchr('39')an in the elementary schools during academic year of 2018-2019. The research tool was "Shanon Entropy".

The results of “Shannon Entropy” content analysis of all 6 textbooks teaching Qurchr('39')an in the elementary schools showed that the component related to mental health had the highest frequency (n=212), and the lowest frequency (n=2) was related to the environment.

In analyzing the content of all textbooks teaching Qurchr('39')an, the components of mental health and nutritional health are central in health system transformation; however, paying attention to the environmental health, physical activity, safety accidents, control and prevention of diseases, high-risk behaviors and disabilities is not desirable, and these components need to be considered by the authorities and authors of textbooks.  Hence, planning and compiling courses and supplementary books related to the Qurchr('39')an and Qurchr('39')anic concepts and its components during elementary periods are recommended for teachers who teach these technical courses including Qurchr('39')an, Qurchr('39')anic concepts and components of the health system.

The relationship between the complex index of spirituality and psychological constructs such as mental health is supported by research. However, the role of spirituality in predicting the psychological indicators in Iranian society has not been addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spirituality and self-efficacy in predicting happiness and mental health.

The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in a correlational design. The data of this study were collected during the academic year of 2017-2018. Totally, 242 students were estimated using Cochran formula and selected based on the cluster sampling method and entered into the study process after obtaining the necessary criteria. Participants completed four questionnaires of spirituality, happiness, self-efficacy and mental health at one period of time. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression tests using SPSS 21.

The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between spirituality and its four dimensions with self-efficacy (Pchr('39')s all = 0.01). There was also a significant negative relationship between spirituality and its four dimensions with mental health hazards, physical health dimension, anxiety dimension, social dimension and depression dimension (Pchr('39')s all= 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between spirituality index and its dimensions with happiness (Pchr('39')s all= 0.01). In addition, spirituality and self-efficacy predicted 29% and 36% of happiness variance, respectively. Besides, spirituality and self-efficacy predicted 26% and 30% of mental health variance, respectively.

The findings of this study indicated that the role of spirituality and self-efficacy in predicting happiness and mental health. These findings can be combined with clinical implications in formulating preventive and therapeutic interventions. Performing a clinical trial to benefit from spirituality-based interventions can be a good way to do further study.

Job satisfaction refers to peoplechr('39')s cognitive, emotional, and evaluative responses to their job. Spiritual health defined as the inner and satisfying feeling associated with constructive communication with oneself and others and the transcendent existence within the specific cultural framework of any society, leading to meaningful life and death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and spiritual health of nurses.

In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, the statistical population was all nurses of the selected hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, and among them 110 nurses were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) and Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) and analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent data, Pearson and ANOVA) using SPSS 22.

Results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between nurseschr('39') spiritual health and job satisfaction (P<0.05). Average scores of spiritual health and job satisfaction of nurses were 86.42 and 48.86 with standard deviation of 18.56 and 14.59, respectively, indicating an evaluation above the average level. There was a significant relationship between the type of employment, years of service, age and gender with job satisfaction (P <0.05).

There was a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and spiritual health as the dimensions of spiritual health of nurses increased, their job satisfaction enhanced, too. Therefore, health officials should take the necessary decisions to control various factors affecting job satisfaction and also provide short-term training courses to increase the knowledge and spiritual health of employees.

Patient’s support is one of the most controversial issues of nursing profession in recent decades. Observing the standards of professional ethics in nursing practice leads to improvement of nursing services, which needs to be considered seriously in order to improve patientschr('39') well-being. Nurses face a number of challenges to support patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting nurseschr('39') support of the patient and professional ethics.

In this review study, the key words of professional ethics, patient’s support, nursing staff, hospital and hospitalized patients were searched in SID, Magiran, Iran Medex, Google Scholar and PubMed. The studies were reviewed in two stages based on inclusion and exclusion criteria so that the title and abstract were firstly reviewed, and the whole article was secondly reviewed. Finally, 28 articles were selected in the study.

The environmental-organizational, individual-care and managerial factors were identified as effective ones on patient’s support and professional ethics. Responsibility of nurses, lack of time and work pressure of nurses, shortage of personnel, lack of nurseschr('39') support, nurseschr('39') inadequate knowledge of support role, medicocracy, limited communication, support risks and lack of motivation were the most important factors influencing nurse’s support of the patient and professional ethics.

Several factors affect the nursechr('39')s support of the patient and professional ethics. These factors include environmental-organizational, individual-care and managerial factors. Therefore, in order to facilitate patient’s support and observe the professional ethics of managers, the health planners and nurses should pay more attention to these areas.

Different levels of trust in God have been introduced in both religious sources and experimental research as one of the components of mental health promotion. In this regard, the present study aimed to construct and validate the Trust in God Questionnaire (TGQ) based on Islamic sources.

For this purpose, after extracting the items from the Holy Quran and religious sources, with the cooperation of 15 experts in religious and academic sciences, 16 items were selected in several stages. To evaluate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire, 150 students of Jahrom University participated in this study. Islamic-Iranian Gratitude Questionnaire (IIGQ) and Attachment Scale (AS) were used to check the validity.

The reliability of TGQ was evaluated by two methods of retesting a sample of 40 people at 2-week intervals and internal consistency, the reliability coefficients were 0.87 and 0.82, respectively. Correlation coefficients between TGQ with IIGQ and AS were 0.55 and -0.58, respectively (p<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors, which were called “Good impression and Trust”, “Satisfaction with fate” and “Operational Trust”, respectively. Moreover, the results of the present study showed that the scores of all items of TGQ were significantly correlated with the total score and all subscales with each other and with the total score.

Therefore, the TGQ is psychometrically appropriate and reliable for measuring the three levels of trust.

 Spiritual care is one of the treatment methods used with spiritual intervention to improve patients both physically and mentally. Many studies have been done on the role of spiritual care in improving the physical and mental well-being of chronic physical patients. The present study aimed to find out the conceptual structure of the spiritual dimension of spiritual care based on verses and narrations to obtain this conceptual structure and adapt it to chronic physical diseases (cancer and chronic kidney disease).

 This study was conducted as a qualitative content analysis. In the current study, the verses and narrations that were most consistent with the concept of spiritual care were extracted, then the research categories were identified and coded. The unit of analysis in this research was the theme.

 The results of the study showed that based on the coding in the physical category of spiritual care and chronic physical illness, 13 coding concepts and 4 categories were obtained. Findings included nutrition (6 concepts), sleep
(2 concepts), observing hygiene (2 concepts) and healthy recreation (3 concepts).

 Inferred verses and narratives suggested that the physical dimension of spiritual care (nutrition, sleep, healthy recreation and observing hygiene) can be used as behaviors that are effective in the treatment of chronic physical illnesses. Medical policymakers should pay attention to religious teachings to ensure the health of chronically ill patients.

 The birth of a premature infant as a stressful event and severe emotional crisis disrupts the functioning of parents and endangers the physical and mental health of mothers. Muslim mothers tend to recite the Holy Qur’an in such circumstances. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Qur’an recitation on improving the health status of mother and infant.

 In this review study, by using SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct databases, the keywords including mother, infant, Qur’an recitation and health in Persian and English were searched in studies published from 2010 to 2020. Out of 243 titles obtained during two stages of review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria including reviewing a) the title and abstract and b) the whole article, 15 articles were finally selected for the current study.

 The articles used in the present study were categorized as clinical trial (11), review (1) and qualitative (3) articles. The focus of the studies was on the effect of reciting Qur'an on various aspects of maternal and preterm infant health. According to the studies, reciting Qur'an for infant stabilized physiological parameters, reduced pain level and facilitated comfort and growth levels of infant. For mother, it declined stress, anxiety, depression and pain, improved physical, mental and psychological characteristics as well as empowered mother to play her role and control stressful life situations.

 Recitation of the Holy Qur’an is suggested as one of the powerful strategies in meeting the health needs and accelerating the improvement of mothers and infants.

Nowadays, 121 million people all around the world suffer from depression and they are about 11% of all patients. Mourning is a behavioral process which changes bereavement affected by culture as well as spiritual and religious beliefs. Although the mourning is an appropriate alternative to face insights and values, it might be a threat for people’s health in dealing with new challenges. In answering to this question, the current study evaluated the psychiatrists’ views regarding to clinical treatment with patients and awareness of the physiopathology of depression on the effects of mourning ceremony in symptoms of the disease dimension as well as cognitive, spiritual and adaptive dimensions.

In this descriptive-survey study, the population was 104 psychiatrists of Esfahan City, selected through purposive and convenience methods. Considering the pandemic conditions of COVID-19, through virtual mode, the valid questionnaire was sent to the participants and the responses were received. After entering the data into the computers, it was analyzed using SPSS 21 via statistical methods like X2 (chi-square test) and T-test.

The attitudes of the participants about the general effects of religious mourning ceremonies on patients with depression were positive. Totally, 53.9% of psychiatrists believed that religious mourning ceremony had good effects on symptoms of depressed patients. Moreover, 64.4, 71.7 and 58.9% agreed on its positive spiritual, cognitive and adaptive effects in patients. The difference in scores between male and female psychiatrists on the effects of religious mourning was not significant.

According to the findings of this and related studies, it seems that generally, concern about patients’ participation in spiritual-political program is not in accordance with their culture and it is not necessary to forbid them to participate.

Uyun Akhbar Al-Ridha as a precious heritage has been revered by Muslims and scholars. In addition, the scientific and Rejali validation, positive features of hadith writing and use of thirty-three well-known hadith sources have marked this work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Sanadi-Rejali validity of medical hadiths in Uyun book as one of the methods of understanding and criticizing these hadiths.

The main question of this descriptive, analytical and narrative study was to evaluate the Sanadi-Rejali validity of medical hadiths in Uyun book and to reach their validity percentage as one of the methods of understanding and criticizing these hadiths. In the current study, the data related to the validation of Sanadi-Rejali medical hadiths of Uyun Akhbar Al-Ridha were collected using Dirayat al-Noor software through narrative, descriptive, analytical and statistical methods.

The innovative achievement of the ongoing study was the discovery of 53 medical hadiths in Chapter 28 of the first volume and Chapters 31 and 33 of the second volume including 39 (73.58%) musnad and valid hadiths, 6 (11.32%) musnad and correct ones and 8 (15.09%) musnad and weak hadiths. Moreover, the present study found 354 (71.65%) reliable narrators, 13 (2.63%) less reliable narrators and 127 (25.70%) unknown narrators of the medical hadiths in this book.

The medical narrations of Uyun book have the Sanadi-Rejali validity with more than two-thirds of the narrations and narrators. The Sanadi-Rejali invalidity with less than one-third of the narrations and narrators of Uyun’s medical hadiths is inevitable although it is not the complete cause of the weakness in issuing hadiths and their contents.