فصلنامه چشم انداز مدیریت بازرگانی
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

The paper aims to identify the factors influencing the types of international strategic alliances formulation to help managers to choose the best type of strategic alliance by considering the organization needs and goals. 

All factors affecting the types of international strategic alliances in Iran’s manufacturing industries were identified using existing knowledge, interviews with manufacturing industry managers having experience of forming international strategic alliances and academic experts. The research population in the qualitative phase was professors of Tehran universities and senior executives of manufacturing industries with experience of forming international strategic alliances. The statistical population in the quantitative stage was manufacturing companies with experience of forming international strategic alliances. Subsequently, 190questionnaires were distributed among manufacturing companies with experience of forming international strategic alliances and also factors affecting the formation of a variety of international strategic alliances were examined. 

Finally, by using one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests, the influence and ranking of each factor on the types of international strategic alliances is examined and confirmatory factor analysis modeling method was used to explain the model. 

Conclution: 

According to the findings, Iranian manufacturing industries behave differently in forming international strategic alliances.

  To survive in the present competitive time, the marketers have arrived at the conclusion that they should try to achieve competitive advantages. In this regard, branding is considered as a maeans of increasing the customers' knowledge and of promoting the market share. Banks are not excluded from this principle and marketing is considered as a new form of communications between the banks and their customers for the purpose of competitive necessity and dominant paradigm in the marketing of banking industry. Regardless of the dynamism of branding concept, it has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study is compilation of a comprehensive model of communication-based branding in the Iranian banking industry.

  A compounded (quantitative & qualitative) approach has been used in this research.

The results of the qualitative interview led to extracting 560 concepts, 33 minor themes and 11 comprehensive contents and an interpretive- structural modeling method has been used for classifying the factors.

 Conclution: 

The results of this study show that the comprehensive model of communication-based branding in the Iranian banking industry consists of 5 levels containing brand identity (the most effective in the fifth level), service quality, brand tendency, perceived value, brand trust, satisfaction, reputation, personality, commitment, attachment (in the middle level) and finally brand loyalty (the most impressionable in the first level).

The purpose of this study is distinguishing shared value activities from corporate social responsibility activities in Iranian enterprises. Through examining the social activities experiences of Iranian enterprises, focusing on activities which have characteristics of creating shared value, we identified several types of social activities of Iranian enterprises.

Due to the lack of a similar model, we used Grounded Theory until we could explore the traveled path of social activities of Iranian companies, using practical experiences of 37 interviews with managers and other related experts. 

The final model suggests 6 types of social activities in Iranian enterprises, displaying Iranian creating shared values in a spectrum. The first two types didn’t have the capability of creating shared value, but on the other hand, the other four categories can create shared value with different intensity and effectiveness.

Conclution:

 Results suggest that Iranian companies created shared value through four ways (enhancing reputation and legitimacy through social activities, decreasing risks and costs through environmental protection activities, increase in revenue through creating economic opportunities due to solving social issues, and increase in revenue through enhancing transmitted benefits of stakeholders).

This study aim to analyze the amount of export readiness of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Kermanshah Province in various industries and identify weaknesses of these enterprises by compiling a native questionnaire. The main approach used is the ImportancePerformance Analysis Matrix (IPA) and the data collection method is a questionnaire. with the study of literature and theoretical background, Initial indicators of export readiness assessment were extracted and after the approval of experts, a final questionnaire with 9 components and its indicators were prepared. Thus a comprehensive and indigenous questionnaire was developed to assess the export readiness of the small and medium industrial -manufacturing enterprises. 132 operating production enterprises   in 7 industries were selected and evaluated by relative stratified  method. To analyze the data, the tests of confirmatory factor analysis, One-Sample T-test,Paired- Samples T- test, IPA technique (analysis matrix of Importance-Performance) were used.The results of  study indicate that manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises of various industries in Kermanshah Province Generally are not in good situation in terms of managerial competencies, human resources, corporate characteristics, knowledge and technical expertise, financial features, marketing conglomerates, the market and the role of government, and only have export readiness in terms of manufacturing capabilities. Among industries,  in terms of all nine components of export readiness, the textile and mineral industries are in good situation and cellulose industry is in a poor situation.

Social Inclusive Business, an up-to-date version of Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business, seeks to create a shared value networks in firms. This business achieves this through the approach of engaging with the Base of the Pyramid (BOP), the socially disadvantaged, and the disabled in the society, not only as consumers, but also as a manufacturers, distributors, marketers and suppliers. The main purpose of this study is to provide a paradigmatic model for the conceptualization of Social Inclusive Business. 

The strategy of the present research is qualitative; in terms of purpose, it is fundamental and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical. In this study, Meta-Synthesis approach was used for data collection and Grounded Theory was used for data analysis. Articles related to the research topic between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed.

based on the date analysis, 48 concepts were identified, conceptualized, and classified under 13 subcategories and 6 main categories. The results show that different aspects of the business should be considered with an innovative look and in order to gain social legitimacy.

  Conclution:

 To this end, conceptualization and creation of " Social Inclusive Businesses" should be undertaken with "multiple capacity building" through "inclusive growth" and "sustainable innovation" as well as reproduction of "social value creation" involving "shared value network" and "dynamic value creation".

  Some empirical studies and investigate of human behavior have pointed to a kind of dissonance between attitude and behavior. Nevertheless, this study seeks to examine the Reflection on Antecedents and consequences post-purchase cognitive dissonance among consumers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). 

In terms of the applied results and goal, the present study is descriptive which has been conducted through survey method. The statistical sample is the Semnan city Fast Moving Consumer Goods which 432 persons have been selected as the sample using Cochran Sampling Formula. Structural equations’ modeling was used to analyze research data with Smart-PLS software.

  The results of the study showed that Consumer expectations of product, Consumer attitudes towards firms’ marketing and trait anxiety has a positive and significant effect on the post-purchase cognitive dissonance.

Conclution: 

the post-purchase cognitive dissonance between perceived significant impacts on the self-confidence consumer was not found. Also, this post-purchase cognitive dissonance has a positive and significant effect on the value of consumption and negative behaviors after purchase

Today, more than ever, organizations need to be able to differentiate themselves by adhering to technology-based business strategy. On the other hand, environmental conditions have become so complex and dynamic that organizations can no longer guarantee longterm survival without innovation. In this regard, extensive studies have been conducted on the relationship between business strategy and innovation in various manufacturing industries. However, the relationship between these two variables in service organizations has been rarely studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of technology-based business strategy on innovation, with the mediating role of technological competence, network competence and human resource competence in the medical clinics of Urmia city.

Metodology:

 The data of the completed questionnaires by 214 respondents were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) through Amos23 software and Sobel test. 

Results showed that technology-based business strategy had a direct impact on service innovation and process innovation. This variable also had a significant impact on service and process innovation, mediated through technological competence as well as human resource competence.

Conclution:

 While technology-based business strategy did not have a significant impact on service innovation through network competence, its significant impact on process innovation through network competence was acknowledged.