International Journal of New Political Economy
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter - Spring 2021

Economics, or broadly speaking (and as its father founders are concerned), the political economy is a social, technical, and moral science. Hence, I prefer to label economics, as an “all-inclusive science”. This science incorporates an enormous interdisciplinary capability. It does have significant interaction with politics and other social and human sciences. Due to obtaining a distinctive methodology and other accomplished instruments, economics can analyze other sciences readily. Consequently, this work is trying to act out economic analysis to political election as a specific case in the interaction between economics and politics. It albeit emphasizes the presidential election in the USA, November 3, 2020.

The inherent nature of human rights means that human rights are concrete entitlements grounded in the dignity of every human person. It is not only absent, forgotten or ignored in many cases, but when it is used, it is often confused and misused. Human rights language and law became the platform for thousands of domestic and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and served as a model for the bills of rights in the constitutions of dozens of countries liberated from colonial yokes and crumbling empires. It is thus a language of liberation. If we don’t learn and speak the language of human rights, the powerful moral language of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights fades away and die. The talk of dignity easily remains abstract. The historic struggle for human rights is in vain and provides no lens to face the challenges of human rights violations today. We lose the moral lingua franca that is understandable in each country and we cannot articulate the common ethical ground we need to live and work together on the planet Earth.

The coronavirus pandemic has become a defining event of our times. There is no “normal” in our lives today. Everything has changed. For nearly a year, we have all been affected by the disease in one way or another. The purpose of this article is to try to enlist the power of economics to help understand some aspects of the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic has not just been a public health disaster. It has also caused an economic disaster. The disease has caused significant rises in unemployment and drops in Gross Domestic Product around the world. In the longer-term cost is that a large number of people, mostly women who are mothers, appear to have been leaving the labor force altogether. In discussing policy re-sponses to the pandemic, we can distinguish between two different classes of responses: one addressed to the health issues raised by the pandemic; the other addressed to the eco-nomic issues. An important point to bear in mind is that the health and economic policies are related.

This paper brings together a description and analysis of various aspects of the constitutional revolution, as a revolt by society in favour of the law and against arbitrary rule by the state, rather than by the lower against the upper classes as in European revolutions, this being characteristic of major Iranian revolts both before and after that event. It includes a discussion of aspects which have generally been neglected, notably the ‘politics of elimination’ pursued by both Mohammad Ali Shah and the radicals of the revolution, how neither side would relent until it was too late, and how the revolutionaries rejected the shah's offer of reconciliation, to their later regret when they became disillusioned by the results, much like many participants of the revolution of February 1979, 70 years later.

This research investigates how Islamic banking institutions control default cases and the mechanisms they employ in handling such cases with reference to Malaysian Islamic banking regime. It was conducted on an exploratory design that employed doctrinal approach. Data were sourced from relevant statutes, regulatory guidelines, policy documents and established practices among Islamic banking institutions as well as academic texts that pertain to default cases. The data were examined with legal reasoning and qualitative analysis. The research finds that Islamic banks are prone to default cases and provide internal and external mechanisms to handle such cases in their operations. Though Islamic banks statutorily have wider scope than conventional ones, both banks are subject of the same framework in matter of credit risk regulations in Malaysia. The fusion of technology within procedures and governance mechanisms of dealing with default cases offers distinct benefits for Islamic banks in Malaysia. Analysis and reasoning in this research are restricted to the Malaysian Islamic banking regime only due to legal peculiarities among Islamic finance jurisdictions. Likewise, the research is confined to legal and regulatory perception of default cases only and could be furthered onto perceptions of other stakeholders in debt-recovery process. Again, subjective interpretation is inevitable in the analysis of some cases considered.This research contributes towards default cases literature in relation to Islamic banks and offers to fill research gaps therein. The research assists in understanding default control mechanisms employed by Islamic banks in Malaysia and stands to impart lessons to other jurisdictions thereon.

TToday, with the globalization of the economy and the increased competition between the banks, the profits of traditional banking activities have diminished, and their risk has been on rise. Thus, banks should adopt more efficient risk management methods. In the last three decades, Iranian economy has faced many fluctuations in macroeconomic areas, e.g. the banking industry. The main goal of the current study is to examine the role of banking crisis in the effect of Income diversity on risk of banking industry using panel econometric method) EGLS .(For this purpose, 8 accepted banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated as a research statistical population during 2005-2018. The results show that an increase in the share of Non-interest income (income diversity) in the time of banking crisis does not have a significant effect on the banking stability. Another finding of the study suggests that there is a negative significant relationship between the index of concentration during the crisis and the stability of the banking industry. Also, there is a positive significant relationship between the size of the bank, the loan ratio, and the capital adequacy index during the crisis with banking risk.

Since their beginning, universities and higher education institutions have been cultural, scientific, and moral centers for their societies. At the present time, they also play a key role in economic development in their regions. In this respect, British universities are considered pioneering institutions with innovative strategies that can be a suitable model for Iranian universities to build economic capacity to accelerate the country's economic development. As the title suggests, the paper, by examining six factors, focuses on British universities' roles in the UK's economic development. In this regard, by comparing the contribution of British and Iranian universities to the economy, it is concluded that in the UK, the universities are detected as significant actors in economic development. In contrast, Iranian universities are not entirely recognized as essential players in the economy. The paper is performed by two methods of documentary and survey study. The research purpose is the promotion of the literature that shows how the higher education system in the UK prepares students in order to achieve economic development.

Most empirical studies of the effects of nuclear weapons only consider whether a state at a given time has nuclear arms or not, but there are strong reasons to think that the effects of a state’s nuclear arsenal are conditioned by a range of other variables including how nuclear weapons are managed. I argue that the effect of nuclear weapons in non-existential disputes is determined by what I call nuclear risk: the overall likelihood that these weapons may be used without authorization by political leaders. Using a formal model, I hypothesize that higher nuclear risk leads to greater deterrent power, but it also makes the leaders of the nuclear state more cautious if their deterrence fails. I test these two hypotheses using the Correlates of War data. I first measure nuclear risk using a simple index, and then propose a novel Bayesian technique for imputing risk. Both hypotheses are borne out by empirical results. That is, nuclear-armed states with riskier postures are more likely to get concessions from their opponents, but they are also less likely to reciprocate a dispute when they are targeted by other states.

The Syrian civil war which broke out in March 2011 further destabilized the Middle East in general and the Levant in particular. From among many implications of this conflict such as the deaths of more than 400,000 civilians and the refugee crisis, it caused the heavy involvement of regional (such as Islamic Republic of Iran, the GCC states, Jordan, and Turkey) and trans-regional (the United States, Russia, and many European countries) actors. Iran has been one of the main players in the Syrian conflict theater. This article seeks to explain Iran`s policy towards the violent events in Syria and analyze its evolution during 2011-2018. By underestimating the role of geopolitics in contrast to the dominant literature, our main argument is that Iran`s policy in the Syrian civil war has evolved from support for the self-determination right of the Syrian people through diplomatic means (liberal pacifism) to support for the Russian military intervention (liberal interventionism). We further try to analyze why this shift in Iran`s policy towards the Syrian crisis occurred

According to the new economic theories and endogenous growth models, productivity factors of production are expressed as a key variable for achieving high and continuous growth. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the productivity of production factors is very important. In this study, due to the significance of the agricultural sector in the Iranian economy and its role in supplying food needs, we specified a behavioral model for productivity factors of agricultural production by focusing on the impact of insurance variable as an indicator for risk management. For this purpose, the total productivity factors of production was estimated using Törnqvist-Theil Index and the theoretical model of behavioral regression was evaluated by using cointegration methodology and based on time series data during 1984- 2017. The results show that insurance can positively influence productivity by providing security in crop production and increasing computing power and farmer planning. In addition, the real exchange rate, training costs, and technical efficiency indicators had a positive effect, while cost of capital had a negative effect on productivity. The information provided in this study can be used to implement insurance protection policies in the agricultural sector effectively to increase productivity.

Abstract The future value of gold coins has received much attention in the world for its risk-taking function. The introduction of this tool into the Iranian financial market was not initially welcomed, but over time it was welcomed by investors in the futures market. Therefore, the volatility of gold coin futures trading and its influencing factors is important. In this study, the effect of macroeconomic variables affecting the volatility of gold coin futures trading is investigated. Therefore, in this study, the effect of selected macroeconomic variables (inflation, exchange rate, oil price and liquidity) and changes of each of these variables on the volatility of gold coin futures trading during the period of 2009-2018 have been investigated. In order to estimate the model, the effect of each of the variables on the gold coin futures fluctuations is first investigated individually. Then, using the principal component analysis, the macro variables index was extracted and estimated in the model. The results indicate a significant effect of macro variables on the future fluctuation of gold coins. Rising inflation and rising oil prices lead to a long-term component of the currency and the exchange rate will reduce the volatility of gold coin futures.