نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 82، مهر و آبان 1399)

Traffic accidents are a major problem in the field of transportation in Iran. To address this problem, detailed studies are needed especially over the impact of human risk factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and recognizing the human characteristics associated with the occurrence of traffic accidents resulting in injury or death in the city of Yazd.

In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, Yazd traffic accident data were collected using simple sampling method. The data were collected on the basis of COM form 114 by traffic experts present at the accident scenes. After data collection, the data were entered into SPSS software version 20 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests.

A total of 2082 cases were studied in traffic accidents (pedestrians=8.8%, passengers=15.4%, and drivers=75.8%). The average age of injured and deceased persons in traffic accidents were 35.08±13.89 and 45.37±17.12 years, respectively. The most common human factors involved in traffic accidents were rush and acceleration (96.8%). Moreover, nonconformity of priority right was 98.9%. A statistically significant relationship was found between human factors and traffic accidents leading to death or injury (p-value=0.04).

  According to the findings, controlling human risk factors can reduce the risk of death and injuries in traffic accidents. Officials, policymakers, and planners can also plan on the most influential factor by carefully analyzing human errors in the event of a traffic accident.

Inhalation of suspended particulates in cement plants is one of the most important risk factors for pulmonary and respiratory problems for workers of these factories. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity on pulmonary function among cement factory workers.

This  cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 82 cement factory workers. They were selected based on the available sampling method and volunteers were included in the study. According to Beck questionnaire, 48 people were categorized in the inactive and 34 in the active groups. Pulmonary function indices included VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1, to FVC ratio. Furthermore, the forced expiratory flow of 25-75% (FEF 25-75%) and Spirometry were used to determine the pulmonary capacity of workers. Independent T-test was applied for comparing the two groups and SPSS software ver. 23 was run for data analysis.

The results showed that VC, FEV1 / FVC, and FEF 25–75% indices in the active group were significantly higher than the inactive group (p /0,000) (p≥0.01) (p≥0.03). ). Moreover,  FVC and FEV1 indices in the active group were not significantly different (p≥ 0.18) (p 14 0.14) from the inactive group.

Our investigations showed the positive effect of physical activity and exercise on the pulmonary parameters and respiratory function of the cement factory workers. Therefore, these people are recommended to exercise regularly during the week to prevent respiratory and health problems caused by high concentrations of cement dust.

Lifestyle of a community members should be investigated, especially in the devotees and their families. The present research aimed at measuring and comparing the lifestyle status of veteran and non-veteran families in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population included the veteran and non-veteran families in Tehran City and the sample size included 360 people. The research instruments were Lali, Abedi, and Kajbaf’s Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) (2012), and All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS, 2013). The data were analyzed by SPSS v.24. At the descriptive level, graphing was performed and at the inferential level, Pearson, t-test, Friedman, and analysis of variance tests were run.

A significant difference was observed between the mean scores of lifestyle in two groups of Veteran and Non-Veteran in Tehran. No significant difference was found between the lifestyle scores of men and women in the Non-Veteran group as well as between the mean scores of the single and married lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran group (P<0/05). However, a significant relationship was found between health literacy and lifestyle of the veteran and non-veteran participants (p<0/05).

The results showed that lifestyle should be considered as a set of observable behaviors and health literacy should be investigated as predicting variables in promoting lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran groups.

Patient satisfaction with health care indicates the organizational performance of a hospital. The level of patient satisfaction depends on factors such as ability of the physician, observance of the patientchr('39')s rights, and quality of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of patient satisfaction with the provision of inpatient services in selected wards of some hospitals affiliated to Yazd  Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional research. Shahid Sadoughi, Shahid Rahnemoun, Afshar, Ziaei Ardakan, and Fatemeh Al-Zahra Mehriz hospitals were selected to conduct the study. Inpatients were included in the statistical population. The total sample size with an error of 5% was estimated at 1056 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was applied to collect the study  data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and frequency, mean, median, and exponential distribution tables were used to describe the findings.

The initial population was estimated at 83531 people. In order to reduce the error, a higher sample size (1527 people) was considered. The highest number of patients was from Afshar Hospital (24.6%). The average level of patient satisfaction with the physician was 4.30, with the nursing services was 4.23, with the nursing assist services was 4.25, with the service staff was 4.45, and with the welfare facilities was 4.33. Patientschr('39') satisfaction with the service staff was higher than other dimensions. In total, 95.2% of patients were satisfied with the provided services.

The authorities are recommended to plan the necessary interventions in order to improve the quality of care provided by medical personnel and eliminate patients’ dissatisfaction with the help of hospital officials. To this end, the patient rights should be observed by all personnel.

At present, in the age of knowledge and knowledge-based, knowledge management has become particularly important. Research shows the effect of knowledge management in achieving a sustainable strategy and competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the implementation of knowledge management system in educational hospitals in Yazd.

In order to conduct this research, first, using effective research background, effective factors were identified. In order to evaluate and compare the factors in relation to each other, a questionnaire was designed as a pairwise comparison and distributed among experts. In order to investigate the relationship between dimensions, the opinions of 20 experts were used. All of these people have more than 10 years of experience in this field. Then, in order to evaluate and identify the indicators, two techniques of AHP and fuzzy dimatel were used to rank the factors.

According to the research findings, the highest weight is related to the organizational structure factor and the lowest weight is related to the information technology factor. Identification of the structure factor in the fuzzy dimatel technique as the most effective factor in the study with the results obtained from the fuzzy AHP alignment shows this result in the research.

Due to the fact that the organizational structure factor is in the highest importance compared to other factors, the need for more attention of hospital managers to this part of the knowledge management structure shows more than before.

Dermatophytosis is one of the health problems that may spread from contaminated soil, pets, livestock, and infected humans. Although Tinea capitis is more prevalent in deprived areas, other forms of this disease were also reported in both urban and rural regions. In order to design appropriate strategies to control and treat diseases, the disease prevalence and its effective factors should be investigated.  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of dermatophytosis and its etiologic agents in patients who referred to the mycology laboratory of Yazd Central Laboratory during 2013-2018.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples were collected from  suspected dermatophytic lesions of patients who referred to the mycology section of Yazd Central Medical Laboratory during 2013-2018. After completing the demographic information questionnaire, samples were collected from the lesions and examined by direct microscopic culture examination. Moreover, additional tests were performed to determine the genus and species of the etiologic agents.

From 900 patients, 112 cases (12.5%) were positive regarding both direct smear and culture. The highest rate of infection was observed in the age group less than 10 years. The most common clinical forms were tinea corporis, capitis, cruris, manuum, pedis, and ungium, respectively. The most commonly isolated etiologic agents were Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton verrucosum.

Due to the lack of information about the current status of this disease in Yazd, periodical studies are recommended on dermatophytosis, their sources, and etiologic agents in order to take effective measures to control and prevent the disease.

Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease among children and adolescents in Iran. Awareness of obesity risk factors in childhood and adolescence and their control is one of the most important public health problems. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between obesity, physical activity, food habits and television viewing among students in Yazd .

In this study, 334 students who aged between 12 to14 years old were selected by cluster sampling. Considering age and gender,  underweight, normal weight, over weight and obesity were defined as BMI<5 th percentile ,5 <bmi.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.7% and 21%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in boys (p = 0.006) and students whose mothers had higher education (p = 0.02). The results of logistic regression model showed that consumption fruit once and less than one in week increased the risk of overweight and obesity by 20.07 and14.76 times, respectively.  A significant relationship was observed between increase hours of computer games and obesity. There was no relationship between consumption of fast food, soft drinks, cakes, biscuits, chips, puffs and watching TV with obesity and overweight.

Workerschr('39') health is highly important since it affects a country’s industry. Social support plays an important role in employees’ health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and general health among employees of Yazd Ceram Tile Company in 2017.

In this cross-sectional study, 224 employees of Yazd Ceram Tile Company were selected using census sampling. Data collection instruments included demographic information questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Social Support Appraisals (SS‐A) scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests.

Social support had an inverse relationship with all domains of general health. In other words, increased social support improved the employees’ general health.  Social support had a significant relationship with the two dimensions of social dysfunction and depression (p<0.0001 and p= 0.028, respectively).

The factory staffs were at a relatively good level of social support, but they were close to the cut-off point considering their general health level. In general, higher levels of social support can lead to higher levels of general health in employees. This relationship is more important in terms of social functioning and depression (two dimensions of general health).