نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 81 (پاییز 1399)

Today, sea power is not confined to military power and it also includes other dimensions such as sea sciences, navy, political geography, marine services and sea industries. Each of these dimensions and its components have a special place in the sea power of the country. Marine industries are considered one of the mother's industries whose development and its associated components contribute to the development of many upstream and downstream industries as a result of the development seabase and development of sea power. In this research, we have tried to describe the dimensions of each of these components in the sea power of the country by using interviews and questionnaires. At the end and based on the results of the research, were identified twenty components for dimension of the marine industries which, in terms of their priority, the tracking route for the relevant authorities in order to develop these components and achieve the advanced sea power of the country.

In the era of threats And global crises Especially economic crises Direction  Increase Been And of Realization Challenges the goals of organizations.Design scientific patterns And commensurate With facilities And the requirements of the national environment Can reduce the effects of threats And crises, them both their stability and progress  of Armed Forces organizations In order to fulfill the objectives of providing. This research done to Investigating the role of resilience And related components at in the designing the strategic pattern of planning, Programming, and providing resources of army forces with the approach of Moghavematie economy, Looking for Improvement of the Armed Forces Resilience to Against threats and current crises. The type of this research is applicable-developmental. The type of research is complex (quantitative-qualitative). Statistical society for quantitative data is a group of 112 military experts in planning, Programming and military resource providing. Number of sample using Cochrane formula is 52 for quantitative and 5 for qualitative data. Both library and field methods have been used to collect information and expert opinionsThe result of the research was carried out after analyzing the data through inferential tests (t one sample and binomial distribution). Shows that the resiliency dimension with 21 components including 8 elements in strategic planning, 7 components in strategic planning and 6 components in the provision of armed forces resources with a resistive economy approach, and ultimately contributes to the promotion of resistive power And the resilience of the armed forces and the reduction of the effects of threats and crises in pursuit of the goals.

The developments in the international security environment and the formation of the newly created systems of global geometry have affected the fields and levels of conflict and bilateral or multilateral cooperation between countries in the field of defense and security. Thus, the approach of active defense diplomacy The armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran are at the highest level. The two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China have the capabilities and capacilities to develop cooperation and defense and security relations at a strategic level with respect to geopolitical, geostrategic and ... features in the West and East Asia. Therefore, the main goal of this research is recognition And prioritize the drivers and dimensions of this collaboration.The research is based on the applied-developmental purpose and the research method based on the type of data required, the case-ground. According to the size of the statistical population of 55 people, the sample size is consistent with the total population. The results indicate that the four military, political, economic, cultural and social forces are the most important in defense security diplomacy of the two countries.Also, in the above mentioned areas, the military propulsion with 20 components (transfer of military technology with 98.2% and military affiliation with 96.4%); political propulsion with six components (Combat American hegemony and the unipolar system with 98.2% And participation in regional arrangements such as Shanghai (92.7%); economic progress with seven components (economic security with 96.4%; new road silk rehabilitation with 94.5%); and socio-cultural propulsion with six components (fighting against Drug trafficking and human trafficking (81.8%) have the most impact and capacity in defense diplomacy.

The Oman Sea Basin and its surrounding states, including Iran, Pakistan, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, which are part of the Indian Ocean geostrategic domain, are a relatively unknown and neglected environment in various aspects including political, economic, cultural, geopolitical factors It is related to defense issues that the necessity of adopting a defensive strategy in the Oman Sea for the benefit of the nation is inevitable.   On the other hand, the formulation of a favorable defense strategy requires a detailed understanding of the geopolitical factors of this area, especially in the context of the geopolitical factors concerned and their impact on the country's defense strategy and relations with other players in the field. Therefore, in the present study, it has been attempted to use geopolitical, economic, cultural and military factors influencing the formulation of a descriptive analytical and applied method after conducting theoretical and environmental studies on the southeastern coast of Iran and the coasts of the Oman Sea countries. The defense strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran was identified and after consulting with some experts related to the subject and obtaining their opinion, a questionnaire with 19 closed questions and one open ended question was designed and designed, then a research questionnaire among experts and community experts. The sample size of 34 individuals was estimated to be integer d.  In conclusion and in response to the research question, the most influential political, economic, cultural and military geopolitical factors of the south east coast of the country in the Oman Sea that influence the formulation of the Islamic Republic of Iran's defense strategy, in terms of their average priority and weight The effective political, economic, cultural and military geopolitical factors have been identified.

Effective use of information superiority in military engagements creates an active environment for the commander to implement innovative strategies, operational principles, and combat maneuvers as efficiently as possible. On the one hand, ignoring any threat in the field of self defense military intelligence can have a direct impact on the progress of the enemy's operations and ease of achieving its objectives, and on the other hand, modern information technology changes the tactics, techniques, and practices that enhance the capabilities of the information collecting systems, particularly in the area of "remote sensing". This capability itself can be considered a special feature for any commander in controlling the operational forces and upgrading the battlefield management before, during and after the attack or defense. This research explores the nature of exploration in order to provide part of the need to develop a passive defense strategic model to counter "remote sensing" threats, in which the foundation's data theory strategy is used. Data were collected and analyzed simultaneously. In the quantitative phase, the questionnaire was developed by purposeful sampling method in the target population. Prioritization of variables was determined by Friedman test and finally, qualitative prioritization was performed using quantitative data and it was determined that radar, thermal, hyperspectral, multispectral (optical), panchromatic (optical), Laser (Lidar), and Passive Microwave sensors have higher priority than other remote sensing threats.

Geopolitical factors have impact on Islamic Republic of Iran’s defense strategy including all factors in the framework of geography, politics and power. Based on literature, geopolitical factors are consisted of six categories namely natural, human and cultural, economic, political, military and scientific and technological. This paper only focuses on the military factor. The research was carried out as a type of applied developmental one based on field case study methodology. Data collection was through fieldwork and deskwork with a sample size of 73 which were analyzed using expert analysis methods. The aim of this research is achieving the role of military geopolitical factors in defense and security strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran originated from Iraq. Iraq is not a threat for Iran presently. The main enemies are USA and Takfiri terrorist groups who threaten Iran using the space and geography of Iraq. The conclusions imply that 21 military geopolitical factors have impact on Iran’s defense strategy in the framework of strengthening, weakening, opportunistic and threatening context. Data analysis shows that 4 factors have role but are not effective, 3 factors have both features simultaneously. After calculation of strategic positioning it was concluded that Islamic Republic of Iran is in the mild aggressive position. Using the opportunities and strengths the weaknesses and threats can be overcame.

Turkey is one of the most important Islamic countries in the West Asian region Which, despite over 100 years of Intolerance by the secular regime governing that country Islamic awakening has taken place in that country And Islamism and return to Islamic values, has become  the most important demand of the Turkish people. Now it have been more than 15 years that Islamists have been taken control of the country continuously. However, there are many different perspectives surrounding the future of Islamic awakening in the country. This research has been done to examine the future of Islamic awakening scenarios  in Turkey. The type of this research was an applied development and mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and in the case of a case with futuristic research approach. In futures research, The researcher uses the technique of scripting and scripting Has predicted possible, probable and prospective future. The research results show that in the next 10 years, There are five scenarios facing the Islamic awakening in Turkey: Deployed Erdoghani Islamism, Brittle Erdoghani Islamism, Isolated Islamism, Islamic awakening under the shadow and finally The Rise Of Islamic Awakening. There are also two scenarios which are counted as Surprised scenarios: Weak Islamic awakening and Fragile Islamic awakening.

One of the problems in analyzing hydro-political relations in the river system is that the same factors, such as water scarcity and economic development, can create a wide range of conflicts or partnerships. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the variables and indices of effective hydro-political relations between Iran and Turkmenistan. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In this study, in the first place, using the views of experts and experts in political geography and Delphi technique, 15 factors were identified as essential indicators affecting the relations between Iran and Turkmenistan in the future. In the second step, Dimetal method was used to analyze and rank the causes, causality and disability. The results of the research show that factors: drinking water with a score of 1.53, employment with a score of 1.45, water for Agriculture with a score of 1.17, geothermal atrak of Atrak (0.55), conflict of strategic interests of both countries (0.47), geopolitical position of Iran with score (0.34), safety of water resources with a score of 0.15 ) And Turkmenistan's geographic location with a score of (0.04) is in the category of causal indicators and is definitely one of the factors affecting the hydro-political relations between Iran and Turkmenistan. The role of global powers in hydro-political relations with the nation (-0.01), the weakness of water use technology with a score of (-0.08), the influence of countries in providing water-related rules (-45%), judicial security with a score of -0.46, The impact of Iran's regional water crisis on national security with a score of (-0.71), security and energy transfer with a score of 1.13 and weakness of Iran's hydro-politic policies with a score of 1.15 in the category of disabled indicators Which are definitely one of the most challenging challenges.

Military and law enforcement agencies need authority to govern society. A powerful military organization, without the use of physical tools of power, can make people eager to obey social laws and regulations. The main purpose of this study is to find the extent to which the law enforcement authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran is affected by internal factors. The present research, which is applied based on the purpose, has been conducted with a mixed approach and using a descriptive-analytical method, and related data have been collected in a survey using a questionnaire. The statistical population for quantitative analysis of data was randomly selected from 60 NAJA employees with 18 independent positions and above, of which 58 questionnaires were collected. Also, to determine the content validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of law enforcement experts and specialists with a job position of 19 and above and the provincial police commanders were used, and to determine the reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. According to the research results, the basic components within the organization affecting the authority of the NAJA are: the component of organizational factors, the component of individual factors and the component of managerial factors. Also, among the indicators in these components, the indicators of quality and appropriateness of education, the degree of cohesion and integration in the organization and the existence of strategy and strategic perspective in the organization were recognized as the most important factors affecting the authority of NAJA. The internal indicators of this study, in order of priority for the selection of respondents, can be used as a suitable criterion for increasing the authority of the police force