فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 59، تابستان 1399)

Unified Transdiagnostic treatment is one of the new psychological therapies that the effect of it on many emotional disorders has been established. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic treatment on social anxiety symptoms and difficulty of emotional regulations. It was a Single-subject design study with baseline design, the population of this study were all patients with social anxiety disorders referring to medical centers of counseling, psychological and psychiatric in 2017 in Neyshabur, Iran. Of these, 2 people with social anxiety disorders were selected on a purposive method and based on multidimensional evaluation (SCID-I, Connor's social phobia inventory and psychiatrist's interview. The subjects were treated in 15 sessions -60-45 minutes of Unified Trans-diagnostic and during which the baseline stage, 2nd, 3rd. and 4th measurements were evaluated using the Connor's social phobia inventory and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale of Gratz & Roemer. Data were analyzed using MPI, MPR, Cohen's d, effect size and Visual analysis. The results showed that both participants experienced a significant reduction in social anxiety and difficulty in emotional regulation during and after treatment. According to the results of this study, Unified Transdiagnostic therapy was effective in improving the symptoms of social anxiety and difficulty in emotion regulation in patients with social anxiety disorder and therefore, it is suggested as a psychological treatment in clinical practice.

The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of anger feeling on the relationship between attachment pathologies and depression. It was designed as a correlational research performed with a descriptive method. The research population included all depressed individuals at age range of 18-65 referred to psychology clinics in Isfahan city. Seventy five depressed patients (45 women, 30 men) selected by purposive sampling method among those who satisfied the research inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were asked to complete Adult Attachment Inventory, Novaco Anger Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. The correlations between insecure attachment styles, anger feeling, and depression were significantly positive. Based on the results of path analysis, anger feeling played a significant mediating role on the relationship between attachment insecurity and depression. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that insecure attachment styles and anger feeling can predict severity of depression symptoms. Considering attachment pathologies and anger feeling may have an important clinical role in the processes of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of depression.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Emotion Regulation on Attention Bias and Emotional inhabitation in women with social anxiety disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group The statistical population of this study was compromised the whole female panic disorder patients visited in Ardabil Comprehensive Health clinic in full of 2019. Thirty patients were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group were received the 8 weeks of Emotion Regulation therapy, while control group was not received any. Dot-Probe Software and Emotional Inhabitation Questionnaires were used in pre-test, post-test for gathering data. Data were analyzed via descriptive indices and multivariate analysis of covariance. The result of comparing post-test of scores in two groups showed that there were significant differences in symptoms of Attention Bias and Emotional inhabitation scores between experimental and control group. These results revealed that the Emotion Regulation therapy can reduced the symptoms of Attention Bias and Emotional inhabitation in women with social anxiety disorder. According to the findings of the present study, emotion regulation training can be suggested as an efficient method to reduced attention bias and emotional inhabitation in women with Social Anxiety Disorder.

The present study investigates the role of the temperament and character traits, basic psychological needs and cognitive flexibility in psychological hardiness of autistic children's mothers in Ahvaz city. The method was descriptive-correctional. The statistical population were included of all mothers of children with autistic dysfunction in Ahvaz. A sample of 130 mothers were selected. The instruments were Ahwaz Hardiness Inventory, Temperament and Character Inventory, and basic psychological needs scale and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Data were analyzed by multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is significant and negative relation between harm avoidance and reward-dependence on hardiness and positive and significant relationship between other dimensions of temperament and character, basic psychological needs and psychological flexibility with psychological hardiness. The results showed that the temperament and character, novelty-seeking and self-transcendence predicted hardiness. Among the subscales, basic psychological needs predicted hardiness. From the cognitive flexibility components, the perception of the alternative solutions had the ability to predict firmness. Therefore, improving the communication, novelty-seeking and self-transcendence, competency and perception of the alternative solutions may enhance the psychological hardiness of mothers of children with autism and it may improve their welfare.

The purpose of the study was to comparison of the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on cognitive distortion in women with panic attack disorder. This is quasi-experimental study with pre-test , post-test, two months follow-up stage ,and control group. The study statistical population included all the women with panic attack disorder who referred to on of the Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran for outpatient treatment during 2017. A sample of 45 participants were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups for treatments and one control group, having 15 women in each group. Both two experiments were under treatment individually within 11 sessions of 90-minutes , twice a week. while the control group received no treatment. Cognitive distortion scale (1389) and panic belief inventory (1989) were administered before treatment, the end of treatment sessions and after two months. Data were analyzed using Analysis of variance with repeated measure and univariate covariance analysis. The results showed that both EST and MBCT methods was impressive on cognitive distortion of women with panic attack disorder and decreased cognitive distortion in two experimental groups, but there was not significant difference in the efficacy of the two treatments. Also, the difference between post-test and follow-up was not significant .Therefore , these two therapies can be used to decrease cognitive distortions.

The aim of this study was to compare emotion regulation strategies, worry, meta mood and cognitive failures in patients with GAD and healthy individuals. The curent study was a causal-comparative research. The statistical population included all male and female patients with GAD that were referred to psychiatric centers in the city of Ardabil. The study sample consisted of 47 patients with generalized anxiety disorder based on psychiatrist's diagnosis and 47 normal individuals based on clinical interview who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected, using the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-version short, Penn state worries questionnaire, treat meta mood scale and cognitive failure’s questionnaire. To analyze the data, MANOVA was used in SPSS software. The results showed that the average scores of the negative emotion regulation strategies, worry and cognitive failures in patients with GAD were significantly more than the normal individuals. The average scores of the positive emotion regulation strategies and meta mood in patients with GAD were significantly lower than the healthy individuals. These findings suggest that emotion regulation strategies, worry, meta mood and cognitive failures can be applicable in the pathology and prevention of generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of current study was to investigate the mediating role of boredom and fear of missing out in the relationship between depression symptoms and problematic cell-phone use. The research design was descriptive-correlational. From the male adolescents’ population in academic year of 1398-1399, a total of 276 high school students selected via multistage cluster sampling method and were examined by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Multidimensional State Boredom Scale(MSBS), Cell-phone Over Use Scale(COUS), and Fear of Missing Out Scale (FOMOS). To analyze the collected data Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were conducted. The results of path analysis showed that direct effect of depression symptoms, direct effect of psychological boredom, and the direct effect of fear of missing out on problematic cell-phone use were significantly positive. Also, results showed that the mediating role of psychological boredom and fear of missing out in the relationship between depression symptoms and problematic cell-phone use was significant. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that depression, boredom and fear of missing out information and social events were important factors affecting adolescents’ problematic cell-phone use. Therefore, it is suggested that specialists by reducing boredom and anxiety caused by fear of missing out through training and counseling interventions help adolescents to manage the symptoms of depression and problematic cell-phone use.

Schema therapy is an innovative and integrated therapy that focuses on changing and improving early maladaptive schema and helping to develop healthy schema. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of schema therapy on sexual function and relationship attributions among women damaged by marital infidelity. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study sample consisted of 30 women affected by their spouse's extramarital affairs (15 women in the control group and 15 women in the experimental group) that were randomly selected and randomly assigned to the two groups. Training sessions were held in the first 6 months of 2019. The data were collected by the Sexual Function Index (Rosen, et al) and Relationship Attribution Measurement (Fincham & Bradbury). Then treatment group underwent eight sessions (90 minutes) weekly about two months, schema therapy. For control group didn’t give any train. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA. The findings showed that schema therapy could significantly improve sexual function and relationship attributions. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that schema therapy can be considered as an effective intervention to improve communication skills and sexual function of women affected by extramarital affairs.

A mental disorder depression is one of the major causes of quality of life that can impair educational, family, and social functioning to the point of disability. The research aim was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Solution-focused Therapy on Quality of Life and Depression in depressed young girls. This study was semi-experimental that used pretest and post-test design with a control group. The study population included all depressed girls that referred for treating depression in the year 2019 to counseling centers in Tehran, selected by available sampling method. The sample included 40 depressed young girls that were randomly assigned to three groups of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Solution-focused therapy and a control group. Data collected with a depression questionnaire and a quality of life questionnaire. Then Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Solution-focused Therapy for 9 sessions of 2 hours treated and the control group did not receive anything. Data were analyzed using multiple covariance analyses. Although the results showed that both treatments had a positive effect on depression and improved quality of life, but acceptance commitment therapy was more effective, and there is no significant difference between the two treatments in both variables. Therefore, acceptance and commitment therapy can be a treatment of choice to reduce depression and improve quality of life in depressed young girls.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of autobiographical memory specificity training on experiential avoidance and distress Tolerance in imprisoned men suffering from major depressive disorder. This is a semi experimental study. Thirty subjects were chosen by available sampling from the statistical population of the study which consisted of imprisoned men suffering from major depressive disorder in during the first half of 2018. Subjects were randomly put into two groups, control (n=15) and experimental(n=15). The experimental group received autobiographical memory training in 7 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group was on the waiting list for two months. Acceptance and action questionnaire and distress tolerance scale were used in stages of pre-test, post-test and follow up. Data were analyzed using analysis of measurements repeated ANOVA. Results showed that there were significant differences in mean scores on experiential avoidance, distress tolerance and this effect was stable until the follow-up stage a month later. Result showed, it can be claimed that autobiographical memory Specificity training has an effect on avoidance and distress tolerance in imprisoned men suffering from major depressive disorder.