نشریه عمران و پروژه
سال دوم شماره 10 (پیاپی 20، دی 1399)

A temporary activity project has a timing, start and end and is planned to achieve a specific goal. Project management must prepare the project on time and in line with the intended budget. The task of project management is to use knowledge, skills and techniques to achieve this goal. Project standards are techniques that project managers’ use. Choosing the right standard for projects is essential to ensure that the project is properly implemented at the beginning of each project. Given that choosing a standard in project management imposes heavy costs on organizations, managers are looking for a way that has less risk, more efficiency and better results. In this article, we provide a brief explanation of the subject itself, which includes a description of project management, project management standards and approaches to the development of project management standards, their scope and 5 global standards, including: PMBOK, ISO10006, PRINCE2, APM, OPM3 have paid. To achieve the goal of the selected topic, we examined these 5 global standards in terms of their goals in project management, features and benefits, processes, components and structure, and concluded that the PMBOK standard, project management as Expresses solutions that are used in most projects and times. In ISO10006 standard, all projects are managed according to the principles of quality management and quality standards. The PRINCE2 standard uses a structured approach to project management, and project management in the APM standard focuses on the project management approach. In OPM3 standard, project selection is based on the maximum benefit for the organization.

One of the problems of developing countries in the successful implementation of economic and national plans and projects, which leads to the loss of many financial and human resources, is the lack of senior managers of organizations and companies operating in these countries of project management techniques and the impact of organization. Coherent and scientific in projects. In our country, the past experiences of organizations in the implementation of projects have suffered irreparable damage due to the period of lack of attention to the power of organizing and managing projects in this area.. In this article, the structure and general components of three project management standards APM and PRINCE2, PMBOK are described and then these three standards are reviewed from the perspective of project life and main processes, level management and responsibilities, special roles in project management, planning, scheduling and controls. They were compared and the strengths and weaknesses of each as well as the positions of use of each of them in the organizations were identified.

One of the most important issues for engineers regarding concrete structures has been the greater stability of these types of structures. Most reinforced concrete structures deteriorate over time due to environmental conditions or the impact of external loads on them, such as earthquakes, traffic loads, explosions and other sources that cause vibration in the structure. Structural damage causes adverse changes in the performance of the structure. Therefore, monitoring the health of structures and diagnosing their damage in the early stages has always been one of the topics of concern. Due to the destructive factors and Deterioration of concrete structures, it was necessary to address the set of factors that cause partial and general damage to the structure, and to provide solutions to address these problems. These factors include: improper design of the structure, overloading on the structure, cracking, improper substructure, fire and corrosion of rebars, which are among the mechanisms of causing damage in concrete structures. In this article, an attempt has been made to review each of the mentioned factors and provide appropriate solutions to increase the life of concrete structures and reduce the effects of destructive factors.

Due to the high consumption of concrete in the instruments and the need to use high-strength concrete, the use of ready-mixed concrete became mandatory. Limitations From making concrete to draining and despite the long distances and traffic and economic efficiency there was a need for large projects build a concrete factory in a suitable place in all parts of the city. Batching plant with accessories as a concrete manufacturer is a "concrete factory" Batching are classified into different types in terms of type of loading, method of transportation and handling, and type of material mix (mixer).

Systems thinking offers a holistic approach rather than a reductionist approach, the broad range of the ST-related literature found in various disciplines, generates a great deal of disagreement about definitions and understanding of systems thinking. Despite the current ambiguities of ST definitions, its underlying philosophy has a long history. This paper aims to clarify what ST is in the modern day and why it is defined in so many different ways. It identifies a number of interpretations of systems thinking with the purpose of clarifying what it is and why it is variously understood. Systems thinking is widely believed to be critical in handling the complexity facing the world in the coming decades. There is a wide range of opinion as to what systems thinking really is, and how its benefits can be realized in engineering practice. In fact, the concept of what constitutes a „system‟ is wide and variable. The purpose of the paper is to draw together diverse perspectives of systems thinking useful in engineering, and to present a set of core concepts that are useful in the successful design and operation of engineered systems. This research examines new directions in project management and systems thinking theory and practice. In systems thinking, not only the components and details of a system are looked at, but also how the interaction between components and the interaction of components and the environment are examined. Obstacles and factors cause people to move away from system thinking. Systemic thinking is clichéd thinking, while relying solely on details eliminates the possibility of understanding the patterns that govern the phenomenon and the system. While describing the components of systems thinking, its most important "obstacles" are examined.

Time, cost and quality are the main criteria of the project that project managers to achieve success in projects, always seek to complete projects in the shortest possible time, at the lowest cost and with the highest quality. One of the main challenges in this case is choosing the right approach to achieve these goals. One of the most common approaches in this case is to use the balancing technique. In fact, by using this technique, the most optimal mode of project activities can be achieved, which leads to the least execution time, the lowest cost and the highest quality. . Project quality management includes all stages and parts of the project, including the initial definition of the project through project processes, project team management, deliverables, and project completion. Nowadays, the use of quality management systems has been proposed as a necessity to ensure the survival of organizations, and various researches and articles have been written in this field, but the establishment of this system in projects has been less discussed. In this article, while explaining the issue of quality time cost balance, quality management in projects is examined as one of the most important areas of project management knowledge, and then the concepts of quality costing regarding quality management in projects are examined. Is analyzed.