مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 68 (آذر و دی 1399)

The aim of study was to explain studentschr('39') hope based on coping styles and meaning of life. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study included all undergraduate students of  Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) who were studying in the academic year 2009-2010. To determine the sample size, similar research studies was used. 200 students were collected for sample size. In order to collect research data from Snyder Hope Scale (SHS), Meaning of Life Questionnaire and Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Lazarus and Folkman, 1980) and to analyze the data from correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS20 software was performed. In the first hypothesis, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variable of hope and problem-oriented coping style (Sig <0.05) and there is a negative and significant relationship between the variable of hope and emotion-oriented strategies (Sig <0.05). In the second hypothesis, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between hope and the presence of meaning in life and between hope and the search for meaning in life (Sig <0.05). In the third hypothesis, the results related to the beta of coping styles show that the problem-oriented strategy at 13% is able to predict meaningful changes in life in a positive and significant way (Sig <0.05). But the emotion-oriented strategy variable could not significantly explain the hope variable (Sig> 0.05) and the components of meaning in life also showed that the variables of meaning in life and meaning search can account for 24% and 13% of the changes in the hope variable, respectively. Predict a positive and significant face (Sig <0.05).

  Anxiety is the most prevalent psychological reaction to childbirth in women, especially in primiparous ones who are not well prepared for assuming the maternal role. Given the importance of maintaining and improving health in women and reducing their psychological complications during pregnancy and childbirth as well as the costs of care and treatment, paying attention to accessible and cost-effective spiritual care-giving methods with fewer complications is crucial. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of spiritual care on anxiety about childbirth in primiparous women.

The present quasi-experimental case-control study with a pretest posttest design was conducted on 40  primiparous women selected using random sampling and presenting in 2018 to the perinatal clinic of Kamali Hospital. The research was affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. The data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire and the Spiel Berger state-trait anxiety inventory, which was used to evaluate anxiety in both groups first before The performing spiritual care at 28 weeks of gestation and then at 32 and 34 weeks of gestation. The score of anxiety was 20-80 in this inventory. The intervention group received spiritual care through eight 45-minute sessions and participated in childbirth preparation classes. The data collected were analyzed in SPSS-20 using the independent t-test, the Chi-squared test and  Methods ANOVA.

The data obtained suggested statistically-significant differences in state and trait anxiety levels between before the intervention (28 weeks of gestation) and afterwards (32 weeks of gestation) in the intervention group compared to in the controls  (P<0.05). Statistically-significant differences were also observed in the levels of state and trait anxiety in the intervention group compared to in the control group at 34 weeks of pregnancy (P<0.05).

Spiritual care can be used to reduce anxiety about childbirth in primiparous women.

Since a favorable attitude toward old age may be associated with a feeling of well-being, improved quality of life, and long-term helth outcomes in the elderly population, it is possible to identify the related modifiable factors before entering old age to start a positive elderly life. Self-compassion is a variable that improves well-being and life satisfaction in elderly.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlation study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-compassion and attitude towards ageing in the middle-aged population of Tehran in 2018-2019. The research population was all middle-aged women and men (30-59 years old) presenting to the health centers of Shemiranat District. One hundred and thirteen participants were selected through stratified sampling, with appropriate allocation to the number of referrals. The research setting was all health centers of Shemiranat District. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire, including a) demographic characteristics, b) Self-compassion Scale c) Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS software version 16.

According to the results, the highest percentage of the research units had a moderate level of self-compassion (69%). The results indicated that the highest mean score achieved in common humanity component (3.58±0.58) and the lowest mean score obtained in self-judgment component (2.83±0.68). The results showed a significant correlation between self-compassion and attitudes to ageing (P value˂0.05).

The results of this study indicated a significant correlation between self-compassion and attitude to ageing in the middle-aged population of Tehran. The result of this study can be used to teach self-compassion to the elderly to improve the coping capabilities to meet the ever-changing challenges and needs of healthy ageing and start a positive elderly life.

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune and chronic blistering mucocutaneous disease that has a negative effect on patients quality of life and also leisure sports activities are useful and uncomplicated method to improve the quality of life of both patients and healthy people as we have seen in relevant litertures. We wanted to investigate whether leisure time physical activities are effetive on quality of life and clinical symptoms of pemphigus vulgaris patients.

Present study is a randomised clinical trial and 76 patients with pemphigus vulgaris were included in the study and were randomly divided into two equal control and intervention groups. DLQI questionnaires, medical and personal demographic information were recorded by patients and PDAI index was recorded by a dermatologist at both before and after the intervention. The intervention included leisure sports activities such as walking in the park for 60 minutes for 8 weeks, three sessions per week and one day in between. Independent t-test was used to compare two quantitative samples and paired t-test was used to compare two dependent quantitative samples and their nonparametric equivalents test were used. All statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS software version 25.

Leisure sports activities improved the quality of life of patients in the intervention group compared to the control group after 8 weeks. (P-value = 0.045, 2.97 ± 5.2 vs 6.45 ± 7.5) But no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the PDAI clinical symptom severity index.

Leisure sports activities can be recommended as a useful and uncomplicated method to improve the quality of life of patients with pemphigus vulgaris, although it has no effect on the improvement of clinical symptoms in two mounths comparing between intervention group and control group. (P-value = 0.066, 1.89 ± 4.97 vs 4 ± 6) of course comparing each group to itself during the time of intervention both clinical symptoms and qulity of life are significantly improved (P-value<0.001) (P-value=0.004) resepectively.

Pain in cancer is a common occurrence, which the subjective nature of it can make the difference between nurse and patient perception. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the estimation of pain intensity by Nurses and Elderly Patients with Cancer in Selected Hospitals in Tehran.

In this descriptive and analytical study, elderly patients with one type of cancer as well as nurses working in the oncology department with more than three months work experience were included. McGill questionnaire was completed by patients and numerical pain scale was completed by patients and nurses. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. A significant level of 5% was considered.

In this study, 28 nurses and 115 patients with cancer were investigated. All nurses were female and their mean age was 30.37 ± 4.13 year. Most (73.1%) patients were male and the mean age was 65.91 ± 5.01 year. The mean score of McGill questionnaire was 25.33 ± 10.05. Also, the mean score of numerical pain scale in the patients was 8.7 ± 1.83 and in the nurses was 8.1 ± 1.7. There was a direct and significant correlation between pain intensity reported by nurses and patients in both questionnaires (P <0.001).

 This study showed that there is a direct and significant correlation between the estimation of pain intensity reported by patients with cancer and nurses. Therfore, there is no difference between the perception of the pain of nurses and patients, and the nurses were able to estimate the pain of the elderly patients with cancer.

Women with emotional divorce are more at risk of extramarital relationships and violence, and the cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most effective ways to prevent and reduce emotional divorce issues and improve marital relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on attitudes toward extramarital affairs and violence in women with emotional divorce.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population was women with emotional divorce who referred to psychological services clinics in Dezful in 2018, from which 40 people were selected by convenience Sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy for 16 sessions of 120 minutes in three months and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. Data were collected using by Demographic Characteristics Questionnaires, Emotional Divorce Scale, Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire and Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale and analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that before treatment there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of attitudes toward extramarital relationships and marital violence (P <0.05), but after treatment there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of both variables and changes remained stable in the experimental group over time from post-test to follow-up (P <0.001). According to the results, cognitive-behavioral therapy reduces attitudes toward extramarital relationships (F = 6.278,P = 0.018) and violence against women (F = 21.987, P = 0.0001) in women with emotional divorce.

The results showed the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing attitudes to extramarital relationships and marital violence in women with emotional divorce. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and family psychologists use cognitive behavioral therapy along with other methods such as couple therapy and family therapy to reduce attitudes to extramarital relationships and marital violence in women with emotional divorce.

Academic commitment is an important factor in studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) commitment to further education and their academic achievement, among which the role of cognitive beliefs and learning strategies in explaining it can be examined. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and learning strategies with academic commitment in students.

This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in the academic year 2019-2020. The study population consisted of students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 300 students participated in this study by quota sampling method and using Cochranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s formula. Data were collected by using the Owen and Fromman Student Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Pintrich and DeGroot Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and the Human-Vogel and Robe Academic Commitment Scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 19 with descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation and linear regression).

Pearson correlation coefficient shows that academic commitment with self-efficacy (r = 0.469, P = 0.0001), cognitive learning strategies (r = 0.604, P = 0.0001) and metacognitive learning strategies (r = 0.642, P = 0.0001) has a positive and significant correlation (P <0.05). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that the predictor variables (ß) predict self-efficacy (0.11), cognitive (0.26) and metacognitive learning strategies (0.39) in a total of 0.46 of the variance of the academic commitment variable.

With increasing self-efficacy and cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies, the level of academic commitment in students increases. It is recommended that medical education planners pay attention to training programs in this area.

In the third millennium, aging and elderly has become more and more a major global reality. One of the effective factors of human health, especially in old age, is exercise. The current research intended to identify the influential factors on enhancing the elderly sports participation in the framework of a model.

It was a mixed-method (Qualitative, quantitative) research. In the qualitative section, 17 teachers and sports experts were interviewed purposefully, and accordingly, 10 influential factors enhancing the elderly sports. With respects to the quantitative section, based on convenience sampling, 324 elderly people responded to a questionnaire, both online and non-online. The validity of the questionnaire was accounted for based on experts’ views and confirmation and the reliability was done based on Alpha Cronbach, which amounted to be 95%.  The exploratory factor analysis also affirmed the researcher-made questionnaire.

The structural equation analysis test of the proposed model illustrated that, except for the cultural and reputation factors, all other factors would leave a significant and influential impact on the elderly sports (p<0.01). Were 10 factors identified, including medical, entertainment, physical fitness, cultural, environmental, facility, social, advertising, health, reputation, and financial factors. Meanwhile, the most influential factor was health, with the record of 40 percent.

Paying attention to the effective factors in increasing the sports participation of the elderly will promote health in various aspects of the elderlychr('39')s life. This will facilitate and improve the quality of nursing care for the elderly. Officials and managers are encouraged to consider the priorities identified in this study and to make the necessary investments and planning so that seniors can design more exercise programs to survive.

Stress is a common issue in todays industrial life and many people have some forms of stress. Nurses in psychiatric hospitals experience a wider range of stress affecting their aspects of life as well as physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to compare mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction on the stress of nurses in psychiatric hospitals.

The present study was a quasi-exprimental pertest-posttest with the control group, Placebo and a three months follow up. The statistical population included nurses working in three psychiatric hospitals in 1398 which was randomy selected among specialized psychiatric hospital in Tehran. 363 questionnaires were completed and received. Among the 73 people who had stress symptoms after entering and exiting the criteria, 60 people were selected by voluntery sampling and randomly assigned to four groups (two experimental groups, placebo group and control group) 8 people of which were omitted. The research tools were a demographic questionnaire and a stress sign questionnaire. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction package was held in 8 sessions of 1:30 hours each procedure was performed for one experimental group. Data analysis was performed using spss 25 software.

The results showed that the main stress score of both experimental groups mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction contented a significant increase in the posttest group than placebo and control group and mindfulness-based stress reduction has a greater effect on the psycho-emotional signs of stress than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and this increase has remined relatively constant during the follow-up phase.

The findings of the present study indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction in the posttest and follow-uo phase, significantly reduced stress signs in psychiatric hospital nurses, and mindfulness-based stress reduction has a greater effect on the psychological-emotional signs of stress than mind-based cognitive therapy.

One of important circle of sustainable health development in humanity general is the part of health and medical health care and nursechr('39')s constitute70 present and are a biggest renderer of service for sanitary and therapeutic of health and therapeutic team. For preservation of standards observation care, cognition of manners of development and gradation clinical competence for nurses is obligatory. The aim of this study was specify clinical competence for nurses in Azad university-Isfahan bray (Khorasghan) and Najaf Abad.

In this descriptive and inferential analysis study 112 person of trainer students are enter in to study. All of slightly information are accumulation with two questionnaire demographic questionnaire. Analysis are accomplished in two level of descriptive and inference and with SPSS APP. Version 22.

In this study, the score of average for clinical competence of nurses in Azad university-Isfahan branch and Najaf Abad was 09123459/18 and 59/20986/34 in sequence. In the sum of average of score of clinical competence in two university the value 84/22112130 was get and 8/72 percent was in super quality. Also, the result of this study in clinical competence dimension was indicate the clinical competence of students in lookout of patient center were (9/42) percent acceptance and perform of professional duty (3/72) percent, documentation of safe observation (5/70) percent, capability in ethical principles (7/77) percent, capability in care management (2/65) percent, and in social accountability and responsibility were (1/74) percent. That were in super quality.

As regards of importance in the subjects of clinical competence, it is necessary that hospital staff supper the students be independent and involve in creativity and innovation and all of them consult with teachers and think about necessary measures for decrease of obstacles for clinical competent.