نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال دهم شماره 1 (زمستان 1399)

Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare disorder in women which identified as agenesis of vagina and hypoplasia or agenesis of uterine.

in this study, two female cases (17, and 19 years old) diagnosed with MRKH (first one type 2, and second one type 1) are described. Both patients were presented with amenorrhea, and absence of vagina orifice. One of the patients also had abdominal pain. MRI and sonography revealed agenesis of vagina and hypoplasia of uterine in first patient and agenesis of vagina and uterine in second patient. Both patients underwent creation of neovagina using sigmoid colon.

intestinal vaginoplasty using sigmoid colon could be a suitable choice for replacement of vagina in vaginal agenesis patients.

vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is serious concern among young women. The maintain of an adequate vitamin D status, which can impact on health and exercise performance, is important to athletes and non-athletes. The aim of this study was to compare of the effect of exercise training in in outdoor and indoor places on the serum vitamin D levels of young women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 14 bodybuilder, 15 tennis player, and 15 non-athletes young women purposefully selected. The fasting levels of serum 25 (OH)D was measured with ELISA method and 25(OH)D<20, 20-29 and >30 ng/ml was determined as deficient, insufficient and sufficient state, respectively. The independent t and one-way analysis of variance tests was used to data analysis (P<0.05).

The results showed that the serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the athletes was greater than non-athlete women, but in the outdoor athletes were higher compared to indoor athletes and non-athlete women (p˂0.05). Furthermore 58/62%, 27/59% of the athletes and 92/86%, 7/14% of the controls had deficiency and insufficiency serum vitamin D, respectively.

It seems that exercise training can increase serum vitamin D levels but the most of athletes have an insufficient vitamin D status and indoor athletes are more susceptible to vitamin D insufficiency compared to outdoor sports athletes. Thus exercise training in outdoor can further improve serum 25(OH)D concentrations in young Women.

Nosocomial infections are the causes of the most common of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and increased hospital costs worldwide. Today probiotic bacteria, as antibacterial agents, attracted the attention of clinicians. The current study aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. casei species against Burkholderia cepacia isolated from Imam Ali (AS) Hospital, Amol, Iran.

In the current study, B. cepacia species isolated from Imam Ali (AS) Hospital were identified using bacterial culture and biochemical tests as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the antibacterial activity of L. plantarum and L. casei standard species against the isolated species of B. cepacia were assessed. Then, the inhibitory activity of L. plantarum and L. casei broth cultures supernatants in two active and inactive forms against B. cepacia was also assessed using the agar well diffusion.

In the current study, five isolates of B. cepacia were isolated from blood and eight from sputum samples. Sensitivity of B. cepacia against L. casei was mostly moderate (66.67%) followed by resistant and sensitive; but it was moderate against L. plantarum, followed by sensitive and resistant. Lactobacillus casei was resistant against all the examined antibiotics, except cotrimoxazole in moderate level; L. plantarum was sensitive to gentamycin, moderate to cotrimoxazole, and resistant against other antibiotics.

Results of the current study showed that L. plantarum and L. casei have inhibitory effects against B. cepacia.

The impact of information technologies in improving the training process and enabling the faculty members in various fields of teaching and researching courses more investigation of widespread mission and targets of universities and upper-levelled training centres. The actual research tends to examine the relationship between the use of information technology and the psychological enabling of faculty members of Alborz Medical University.

This research is a practical study from descriptive-measuring type and includes a statistical community of 118 individuals of faculty members of Alborz university of medical sciences in 2018. The information accumulating means included a standardized questionnaire of the psychological enabling and also an entitled questionnaire of the use of information technology. All the accounts were scored based on the Likert measurement, and based on the variants evaluation level, the questions and the hypotheses of the research have applied the Pierson’s Test of coherence factor. In order to analyse and examine the data, the software package of SPSS, version 22 was used.

The results demonstrated that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the use of information technology and the psychological enabling of the faculty members of Alborz medical university. Meanwhile, there was a meaningful relationship between the factors of information technology use (curriculum edition- taking the proper teaching method –applying the various evaluation methods –active consultation and guidance in teaching) and the psychological enabling.

Based on the significance of enabling the teachers and improving and advancing the quality of training, the information technology can influence and improve the fundamental skills of training quality and it can cause elevation within a widespread atmosphere.

Increased prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and treatment of infections due to these resistant strains is one of the most important health challenges. In this study, antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients were determined to commonly prescribed and last-resort antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated according to detection of mecA and femA genes.

This research was done on 146 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitalized and outpatients who referred to Isfahan Hospitals and Shahid-Beheshti Hospital of Kashan from June 2017 to September 2018. Antimicrobial resistance patterns to common antibiotics were determined by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2018 guidelines. Also Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRSA strains was determined using broth microdilution method. Isolation of MRSA strains were phenotypically done using cefoxitin disk and for confirmation mecA and femA genes were detected in these strains.

From 146 collected clinical samples, frequencies of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were 24 (16.4%) and 122 (83.6%) respectively. The most resistance rate were detected to erythromycin 44 (30.1%) and vancomycin resistance was not seen among the S. aureus isolates, whereas linezolid resistance was 2/1 percent. In molecular study using PCR method, all MRSA strains carried mecA and femA genes.

Current study showed that the frequency of MRSA among clinical samples isolated from Isfahan and Kashan Hospitals is relatively high. Also the presence of resistance to new and important antibiotics as last resort treatment is considered a serious alarm.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare personality dimensions of temperament and character in patients with borderline personality and bipolar II disorders in order to evaluate the hypothesis of “belonging of borderline personality disorder in moods disturbance spectrum.”

43 patients with borderline personality disorder, 47 patients with bipolar II who were referred to Nekuei-Forghani Hospital in Qom, were selected by convenience sampling. These two groups were evaluated and compared with each other and a total of 45 healthy subjects by a questionnaire of 240 items of temperament and character dimensions (TCI). Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA and Tukeychr('39')s post hoc test.

There were significant differences between two groups of clinical samples in terms of novelty, harm avoidance and self-direction in TCI with normal group (p<0/05). Also, the results of the study showed that the two groups of patients with borderline personality disorder and bipolar II were similar in novelty-seeking, harm avoidance, reward-dependency, cooperation and self-directedness (p>0/05).

Spices are a rich source of powerful antioxidants and food flavors in the production and maintenance process that may be exposed to fungal contamination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fungal contamination of various spices including curry, red pepper, black pepper, turmeric and cinnamon from some supermarkets in Hamedan.

In this cross-sectional study that was performed in the laboratory of Mycology, Veterinary Science Faculty in Bu Ali Sina University of Hamedan from March to July 2019, 100 samples of five types of spices including curry, black pepper, red pepper, turmeric and cinnamon, belonging to four brands,were selected from different regions of Hamedan. Serial dilutions 10-1 to 10-5were used to culture the prepared samples on mycological media. In the end, colonies were counted and examined.

A total of 2167 colonies were isolated and identified from 6 fungal species of spices (642), cinnamon (973), turmeric (131),  and red pepper (421). Black pepper did not have fungal infections. Detected fungi mainly included Aspergillus niger (31%), Rhizopus spp (28%), Aspergillus flavus (22%), Penicillium spp (8%) respectively.

The results of this cross-sectional study indicate that there are high levels of fungal contaminations in current used spices, so that the highest fungal contamination was related to Aspergillus niger and the highest contamination was related to cinnamon and curry spices.

Today, the use of cold plasma and its applications have taken into consideration. The plasma is a mixture of active oxygen and negative ions. This compound has a practical effect on the elimination of all types of bacteria and viruses. The cold plasma feature is essential and very useful in disinfecting processes. In this investigation, we plan to study the effect of gliding arc plasma on the destruction of two type of bacteria called S.aureus and P. aeruginosa which funded in the around the injury.

Plasma was irradiated to culturing bacteria environment over the different period. After applying the plasma, the Petri dishes were incubated at 37 ° C for 12 hours to grow the bacteria in the incubator. On the following day, colony formation was counted, then gliding arc plasma was induced at the atmospheric pressure to the bacteria that was implanted. Plasma effects were evaluated for the destruction of bacteria. Three types of gas were used for the creation of the plasma.

Radiation of a high dose of plasma, caused significant bacterial destruction and decreased bacterial colonies. After about 1 minute, 99.9% of the S.aureus bacteria were destroyed. The best results are obtained in the presence of argon plasma and compressed air such that after 1 minute of plasma irradiation and compressed air, 90% of S.Aureus bacteria were destroyed at a concentration of 102 bacteria, while helium had little effect on bacteria.

The study also shows that gram-positive bacteria (S.Aureus) are more sensitive to plasma than P. gonorrhea (P. aeruginosa) and disappear faster.

Medicine students must learn clinical skills besides learning theory in classes. Skill lab is a safe place for students to achieve that goal with educational facilities under observe of a master. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simulation training in clinical skill lab center on clinical knowledge and practice of medical interns in Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 1397.

The present study is a semi-experimental study with 46 medical interns in the field of gynecology. In this study, all trainees first attended routine workshops at the Clinical Skills Center and were trained in lectures, slides and practical work in the 8 core skills of the gynecologist, They received a quadruple written pre-test and an OSCE Practical Assessment (OSCE). Then students were randomly divided into two groups of case and control. The control group was referred to the womenchr('39')s ward for training and the case group participated in simulated training workshops then they were introduced to the womenchr('39')s ward for training. After completing the course, the written and practical tests were repeated for both groups and compared.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of pretest in case and control groups before intervention. But after the intervention and the establishment of simulated workshops and completing an internship,the mean scores after the written test showed a significant difference in the case and control groups(P-value= 0.027). In the performance evaluation section, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test OSCE in the case and control groups but after intervention, the mean of OSCE scores in case and control groups showed a significant difference(P-value= 0.009). The results showed that in the basic knowledge, the mean increase in post-test scores in the written test was 2.39 more in the case group than in the control group, and in the practical part the mean increase in the mean scores of the case group was 19.48 higher than the control group.

By examining the findings and paying attention to the increase of the written and practical test scores in the case group it is found that the teaching of obstetrics and gynecology skills by simulation method has more effect on increasing the level of basic knowledge and enhancing studentschr('39') abilities in the field of gynecology.

Monitoring the depth of anesthesia (DOA) takes an important role for anesthetists in order avoiding undesirable reactions such as intraoperative awareness, prolonged recovery and increased risk of postoperative complications.The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the main target of anesthetic drugs, hence EEG signal processing during anesthesia is helpful for monitoring DOA. In order to study and interpret charactheristics of signals, assessment of orrelation between neurophysiological signals is an usful tool.

This study applies nonlinear interdependence and Cross recurrence analysis measures to analyze EEG signals recorded from eight human volunteers under a brief Propofol anesthesia and compared with Cross correlation measure. The prediction probability (Pk) was used to assess the performance of measures for predictiong BIS. In order to evaluate the efficiency of all measures in distinguishing different anesthetic states, box plots of EEG-derived measures were compared with Kruskal–Wallis test. Moreover, the coefficient of variation (mean±SD) was employed to describe the index stability during different states. Correlation coefficient (R) between each index and bispectral index (BIS) is measured to investigate their performance.

Nonlinear measures demonstrates the less variability at the loss of consciousness in comparison with BIS (standard deviation of 0.09) and show that P values less than 0.05 and the highest Pk and higher correlation coefficient with BIS index.

Nonlinear measures demonstrates the less variability at the loss of consciousness in comparison with BIS (standard deviation of 0.09). Furthermore, these measures demonstrate good performance to differentiate anesthetic states and had higher correlation with BIS and better robustness to noise in comparison with linear measure.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most important cause of various nosocomial infections and mastitis in dairy cattle and the development of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the presence of virulence genes in human and animal samples.

In this study, 102 human and animal strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. Multiplex PCR for virulence factors was used to detect specific genes. Disk diffusion and E-test were performed according to CLSI method with different antibiotics.

The results of antibiogram of human isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest resistance to ampicillin and cefepime antibiotics (100%), and the highest resistance in animal isolates to ampicillin (100%). The prevalence of oprI gene was detected in 100% of human isolates and all samples were negative for alg-D gene. Unlike human samples, all animal samples were negative for exoenzyme S and only exoenzyme Y was detected in 15 isolates (25%). Exoenzyme T was the most abundant in human isolates. 100% of the samples were positive for this exoenzyme.

High prevalence of virulence genes between human and animal isolates and attention to the function of these genes makes it necessary to identify the effect on animal and human tissues. Due to the high level of antibiotic resistance in animal and human strains, proper use and size of antibiotics should be observed.

Internal rectal prolapse is a multifactorial disease with an almost unknown source that affects most age groups. Since constipation is the most common symptom among these patients, most families and some gastroenterologists try to control and alleviate the symptoms of the disease by using laxatives. Because of ignorance about the existence of this multifaceted disease especially in children due to the inability to express symptoms and incorrect diagnosis, unfortunately the disease will last for years and will often be treated in the final and advanced stages.

During 2015 to June 2020, 153 children less than 15 years of age referred to Maryam Hospital complaining about last part of gastrointestinal tract. Data and information required for the study were extracted from the records of patients with internal rectal prolapse in a descriptive survey and with a retrospective approach.

A total of 27common symptoms were identified among children with internal rectal prolapse, the most common of which in order of frequency ratio are: 149 constipation (97.39%), 148 difficulty in defecation (96.08%), 140 painful defecation (91.50%), 130 redness of face during the act of defaecation (84.96%), 105 excretion fragmented and bullet-like feces(Pebble-shape dropping) (68.63%).

Late diagnosis of internal rectal prolapse in children will not only lead to poor quality of their lives, it will impose exorbitant medical costs on families. Given that very few studies have been done on symptoms of this disease in children, the present study could play a key role in diagnosis and identification of the disease.

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of agreement between CT scan interpretations of cervical spine trauma patients between emergency medicines and radiology physicians.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Shohadaye Haft-e Tir Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The 408 CT scans for patients with cervical spine trauma registered by the Emergency Medicine and Radiology physicians in the second six months of 2017, were compared. The findings were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using descriptive statistical methods. Kappa coefficient was used to determine the agreement rate of CT scan interpretations of the cervical spine

The mean age of patients referring to cervical spine trauma was 32.47±8.72 years old, 69 (17%) were female and 339 (83%) were male. In 297 CT scans, the interpretation of the Emergency Medicine and Radiology residents was the same, which accounts for725.55% of cases. In the analysis, the Kappa coefficient was 0.612 (p<0.001).

Despite the fact that the emergency medicine is somewhat new in Iran, the emergency medicine specialists could increase their knowledge of relevant branches of medicine such as radiology. Because of the differences in interpretation, it is necessary to have additional education and radiology courses in an emergency medicine residency program. These courses can invite experienced emergency medicine or radiology department physicians.