فهرست مطالب

Research on Crop Ecophysiology - Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

Journal of Research on Crop Ecophysiology
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Maryam Golabadi *, ABDOL-REZA EGHTEDARI, HAMED GHOLAMI, MOJTABA MAHDAVI Pages 1-6

    Pepper is one of most important vegetables in the world. Pepper has important role in world vegetablecommerce and the worth of its export and import is very high. Selection of better plants is inseparableparts of breeding programs and need a variable population. So assessment of genetic variation is the firststep of breeding programs/ For this purpose, genetic variation of 22 different varieties of greenhousepepper was assayed for days to flowering and fruiting, plant height, peduncle length, single fruit weight, fruit yield and fruit length. Descriptive results showed that there was high variation between varieties forearliness, fruit yield and fruit number. Cluster analysis could group varieties into 5 groups that showedthe highest difference for single fruit weight, fruit yield and plant height. Late ripening varieties showedlow yield, however varieties with high fruit yield showed high fruit number. Therefore, fruit number had more effect on fruit yield in contrast to single fruit weight. Over all varieties in different groups could usein breeding programs with different aims.   

    Keywords: Cluster analysis, Pepper, Fruit weight
  • KAVEH LIMOUCHI * Pages 7-14

    The present study was carried out in order to investigate the rate of negative effect of wheat yellow rust pathogens on characteristics related to the cluster and yield of wheat cultivars in climatic conditions of north of Khuzestan. The study was carried out using a split plot design in randomized complete blocks with three replications. In this design, the conditions of presence and absence of wheat yellow rust were considered as the main factors, and the most important cultivars planted in the region including Dez and Chamran were considered as the secondary factors. The results of variance analysis indicated that both group of factors had a significant effect on all characteristics except for the cluster length on which yellow rust had no significant effect due to its reliance on genotype. It was also concluded that the mutual effect was only significant on the grain yield at a level of 5%. Chamran and Dez cultivars with average of 503.33 and 4808.33 kg/hectare had the highest and the lowest yield, respectively. Yellow rust disease had a severely negative effect on all characteristics except for the cluster length, which finally led to a decrease of 53.92% in the yield compared to appropriate conditions. Given the moisture rate of the weather as the most important factor for the disease spread, it is hoped that the losses caused by yellow rust can be prevented by utilizing suitable managerial methods and most importantly irrigation schedule program and applying appropriate pesticides, which the results indicated that can be justified in regard to economy. 

    Keywords: yellow rust, Wheat, cluster
  • LOTFALI LOTFI*, SAM SAFARI Pages 15-21

     In order to investigate the possibility of planting six late maturity rice cultivars from northern Iran using early plastic covered nursery (for increasing the length of growing season), a study was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2012-2013.Experiments were carried out in the Lordegan county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. After disinfection and germination,seeds were planted separately in seedling trays and transported under the plastic cover after emerging. Transplanting was done one month before usual time of area at four to five leaves stage. Two-year variance analysis showed that Domsiah and Sahel cultivars had the highest yield with a mean of 6436 and 6217 kg per hectare, respectively. Koohrang cultivar as control genotype with an average yield of 5736 kg/ha was ranked lower than Domsiah and Sahel cultivars and above the other cultivars. Overall, Considering the superiority of Domsiah and Sahel cultivar sand on condition of at least one month of cultivation, these cultivars seem appropriate. 

    Keywords: late maturity cultivars, Rice, plastic cover, Grain yield, early cultivation
  • EZATOLLAH ESFANDIARI, Majid Abdoli *, BEHZAD SADEGHZADEH Pages 23-39

    Micronutrients deficiency stress is one of the most important dangers for increasing the yield and good production of crops in the world. In order to evaluate genetic diversity of nineteen durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum) genotypes to identify the most zinc-deficient stress resistant genotypes and also finding the best stress tolerance indices, an experiment was carried out in the University of Maragheh, Iran during cropping season of 2014 by using a factorial design in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment was done zinc deficient stress (non-Zn application; -Zn) and normal soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil + foliar application with 0.44 g Zn/liter water at stem elongation and grain filling stages; +Zn) conditions. Results indicated that Zn conditions as well as, wheat genotypes differed significantly for all studied agro-morphological traits in both normal and Zn deficient stress conditions. Our findings indicated that Zn-deficient stress significantly decreased the spike length (SL), peduncle length (PedL), penultimate length (PenL), plant height (PH), spike weight (SW), peduncle weight (PedW), penultimate weight (PenW), biological yield (BY), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), number of grains per spike (NGS), number of fertile spikelet per spike (FS) and 1000 grains weight (TGW) by 14, 10.6, 10.4, 12.5, 25.3, 26.2, 27.9, 27.5, 29.4, 5.0, 25.5, 17.7 and 5.4%, respectively. Among durum wheat genotypes, ‘G2’ had the highest and also ‘G10’ and ‘G19’ had the lowest SW, PedW, BY and FS, respectively; while the highest and the shortest GY and NGS was observed in ‘G17’ (0.763 g/plant and 23.2 grain) and ‘G10’ and ‘G19’ (0.372 and 367 g/plant and 8.9 and 9.5 grain) genotypes, respectively. This indicating the presence of variability, which can be exploited through selection for further breeding programs. According to results of stress tolerance indices, ‘G17’, ‘G16’ and ‘G3’ genotypes have higher GY and STI index than other genotypes in two Zn conditions and identified as suitable genotypes for production in Zn deficient stress condition.   

    Keywords: Agro-morphological traits, Breeding, Calcareous soil, durum wheat, Genetic variability, Zinc deficit
  • AHMAD GHOLAMZADEH, DAVOOD NADERI *, ELHAM ABEDI Pages 41-48

     Water salinity is one of the most progressive environmental factors limiting the growth and productivity of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and some quantitative trait of tall fescue. For this purpose, a laboratory experiment was conducted at seed laboratory, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch. The traits were radicle and plumule length, fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule and some properties of seed germination such as germination percent, mean germination time, germination speed, and germination energy and vigor index. Seeds were arranged in petri dishes with 4 replications in completely randomized design with six levels of water salinity including 0, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 dSm−1. The results indicated that salinity stress had significant effect on seed germination and physiological characteristics. The results indicated that salinity of irrigation water significantly reduced all studied properties exception of germination time. The values of these properties were continuously decreased with increasing salinity levels. However, time of germination in salinity levels of 4−7 dSm−1 was significantly higher than that distilled water. Seed vigor index was more affecting salinity stress than germination percent.   

    Keywords: Salinity, germination, Turfgrass, Radicle, Plumule, Seed
  • ELHAM ABEDI* Pages 49-54

    Among heavy metals, lead is a powerful pollutant that can be easily accumulated in the soil. Zinc is also a heavy metal but the minimum concentrations are required for plant growth. However, excessive amounts of these elements can become harmful to plants. In order to study the physiological traits, several concentrations of Lead (II) chloride (0, 0.5, 2.5, 4.5 and 6.5 mM) with different concentrations of Zinc chloride (5, 10, 15 and 20 mM) was conducted on soybean plant (Glycine max L.) growth biochemical parameters. Results were obtained from a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications under in vitro conditions. The results showed that the total protein contents decreased with increasing zinc and lead concentrations. This research concluded lead has a negative effect on this plant, and these plants has no tolerant to heavy metals stresses despite this metal uptake by roots and it has negative effects on plant performance.

    Keywords: Lead, Zinc, Total protein, soybean plant (Glycine max L)