نشریه پژوهشهای سیاسی جهان اسلام
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 35، تابستان 1399)

Good governance today depends on the best possible completion of the state-nation-building process. This issue has been placed as a serious challenge in the path of survival of the Zionist regime.  This regime has based its existence on a special and complex identity that at first glance, this special identity can be considered a strong point for survival and formation of a society;But the specific characteristics of this identity based on race and its lack of demographic diversity have created challenges for this regime. On the other hand, the fragmentation of the core of the citizens of this regime, who have migrated to this land mainly from outside the borders of occupied Palestine, is also a serious challenge to nation-building.  State-nation-building in Israel also faces multiple political, security, and economic implications. In this research and according to the subject, descriptive-analytical method has been used.Also, while studying the state-nation-building process in Israel and looking at the demographic context and identity of the Palestinian and Zionist Jewish community (Israeli citizens) as the most serious challenge, to examine the failures of this regime in completing the state-nation-building process that survives and His survival is in question, we will pay.

"Cultural diplomacy" is a subject based on the role and emphasis of the "cultural-civilization" linking factors in relations between countries and nations. The ultimate goal of this method of diplomacy - in an intimate framework, Converging and out of tension, Provide a favorable image of all-round relationships, Based on commonalities (civilization-cultural traditions) between nation-states. Iran-Uzbekistan relations with rich cultural backgrounds, Despite the continuity and rich cultural backgrounds, for less than three decades (From 1991), Always Weak and it has been fluctuating. Death of Islam Karimov (September 2, 2016) and the coming of Shukat Mirzizov (December 14, 2016), a new chapter in Uzbekistanchr('39')s foreign relations with other countries and also Iran began. Under the "continuity and change" policy, with a little more flexibility, Mir Ziyayyev calls for the deepening and expansion of relations in all fields with Iran. In this regard, the main question of the leading article is this: by turning to the historical-civilization background of Iran in Central Asia in general and Uzbekistan in particular, How Can Iran and Uzbekistan Have Convergence Relations? Since Uzbekistan (like most Central Asian republics) is considered to be the Civilization and cultural heritage of Iran, the two countries are able, within the framework of "cultural diplomacy", by neutralizing the threats; they will pursue convergent and growing relationships in all fields. Therefore, in the cultural-civilization relations and interactions of Iran and Uzbekistan, Components such as Islam as a common religion, Persian language, common elements, presence of Iranian culture in Uzbekistan, attractions of civilization, historical and natural heritage, tourism, economy and … There can be To strengthen the relations between the two countries.

Representation in Hajj has been discussed and argued in various contexts since the early centuries of the Islamic period. In the jurisprudential sense, representation means becoming a substitute for another person to perform a certain action, and from this point of view, it is similar to power of attorney, which also includes the concept of making possession lawful or influencing possession. According to jurisprudence, the deputy in Hajj should have the intention of becoming the deputy and the intention of the curse should be determined by the intention. If the vicegerent dies after entering ihram and entering the shrine, Hajj is permissible for him and the vicegerent, and the vicegerent will be entitled to all the rent. The rule is that it is not permissible to represent two people in one year; But this rule has two exceptions: first, representation in Hajj and second, the occurrence of coercive conditions. The result is that in case of incapacity of the person, representation in the dimensions of Hajj is separate from him. But if there is anything left from the reward after the end of the Hajj, it is a vicegerent for himself. And if the reward for completing Hajj is low, it is not obligatory to complete it on the basis of the curse, unless it is mentioned in the contract. Therefore, the present article, taking into account the above issues in a descriptive-analytical manner and relying on jurisprudential sources and narrations among Imami and Sunni jurists to the rulings, deputy and subordinate conditions regarding performing Hajj in special cases, compulsory and. .. will pay.

In recent decades, the United States has been trying to expand its influence and interventions in various parts of the world, especially the Middle East. Therefore, the Middle East has always been of American interest due to its geopolitical and geostrategic importance. Using its centers of study and strategists, it architectures the geometry of power in the region in line with its foreign strategies and policies. Nowadays phenomena such as Islamophobia, arms race, ethnic and religious conflicts, sectarianism, disintegration, undermining resistance to traditional goals (vital US interests, maintaining Israeli security, ensuring free energy flow) Has caused instability in the Middle East. So, in light of this fact, in the explanatory-analytical way, we seek to answer the question of how and to what extent American strategists have been instrumental in constructing religious wars in the Middle East. Accordingly, our hypothesis is that American strategists in think tanks and theories through theorizing and reflecting on US statesmen and political elites, along with presenting how they execute, delineate models and strategies, Religious wars have been instrumental in the Middle East. The scientific findings of the present study indicate that the strengthening of these extremist currents has been an important catalyst for the religious wars in the region that have led to sectarianism, deterrence from Israel and Islamophobia. US strategists appear to be playing a role in creating widespread instability and reviving the thirty-year European wars in the Middle East.

Yemen crisis is one of the most significant issues in the west Asia and the center of geopolitical – ideological competition in the region. Meanwhile the role of the UK has its own importance. Therefore, analyzing Britain action has drawn attention of global politics analyzers and the media. In the present study, the authors seek to address this issue. In fact, the main question of the paper is what is Britainchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s foreign policy towards the Yemen crisis from 2015 to 2019. In this article which is written by descriptive-analytical method, next to answering the main question, we will answer to some sub-questions such as the background of Britainchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s performance in the West Asian region and its perspective on the Yemeni crisis. The findings of this study indicate that on the one hand, the United Kingdom is seeking to return to the West Asian region, and on the other hand, it seeks to pull Yemen out of the axis of resistance through pressure and diplomacy bargaining. Following this policy, the United Kingdom has sold arms and training to Saudi Arabian coalition forces. In this situation the voice of oppositions to foreign policy is also heard from political circles which the most important one is Labor Party position.

Islamic unity means emphasizing and relying on the commonalities of Islamic religions by not presenting conflicting views. In general, the two words unity, what comes to mind from the word approximation, are closeness and approximation; However, these two words do not seem to be synonymous, as they are usually the religious views of Muslims and the attempt to reduce differences, as well as the scientific efforts made at the Egyptian Academy and the summit is the general meaning of unity. Is a proof of this. But what comes to mind from the word unity is usually that it includes various aspects of cooperation between Muslims. Resolving differences and doubts, active, effective and timely presence of scholars and thinkers, bowing to religious rites and strengthening moral values ​​can increase the basis of unity in the field of religion and culture. Creating unity will require an intellectual and cultural background, the creation of a single Islamic government can provide the ground for realization. In the field of economics, the development and strengthening of economic relations, strengthening the tourism industry and the integration of the banking system in Islamic countries can be effective, and this indicates the need for the presence of political and economic experts along with religious experts. The question that arises here is what is the effect of the Association of Islamic Religions on the unity and cohesion of Islamic countries? The hypothesis is that returning to religion and promoting it is one of the strategies emphasized by the Summit. The founders of the Summit believe that unity among Muslims depends on their intellect and attitude. The task that Muslims have towards each other is to achieve Islamic brotherhood and brotherhood, and the task that they have against the enemies is to become one. The research method of this research is analytical and descriptive.

The confrontation with Western civilization united Japanese Asianists and Muslim nationalists a century ago. The global recognition of Japan as a great power paved the way for its advancement in the Eurasian region in the name of Pan-Asianism ideology, the realization of a united Asia, and the liberation of Muslims from Western colonialism. Due to some limitations, Japanese government had to establish informal and secret relations with Muslim nationalist activists of the Russian and Chinese empires’ colonies. By relying solely on military power, the sphere of influence expansion in the vast geopolitical area of ​​Eurasia against these two great powers was impossible.To this end, Japan sought to establish a unified Asia by emphasizing identity, cultural, linguistic, and racial commonalities by adopting a Pan-Asian policy as the ideology of expansionist wars. In order to establish and expand the sphere of influence in the Eurasian region, the Empire of Japan tried to exert control there by virtue of soft power and cultural activities through highlighting common feelings, emotions and narratives and receiving recognition among the people, especially the Muslims of this region. Perceiving the distinct culture, race and language of the inhabitants of this region, Japanese tried to exclude the two main neighboring powers from interfering in this sphere of influence by identity demarcating. Regarding the hypothesis, the Constructivism theory which deals with spiritual and normative elements was applied to examine the correctness or incorrectness of such a hypothesis.

Although the Islamic Party of Justice and Development in Turkey has been in power since 2003 but it has always faced challenges from military and some other movements. In order to weaken the opposition and consolidate power and to secure its long-term dominance on the Turkish political scene, the leader of the party, Erdogan, has amended the constitution and changed Turkish political structure from parliamentary to presidential system, which has faced opposition from some political parties and the secular and democratic people in major cities. The opposition accused Erdogan and his party of trying to implement some of the Muslim Brotherhoodchr('39')s Islamic principles and ignore Turkeychr('39')s secularist and Kemalist principles. In this research, we seek to investigate what factors and motives led Erdoganchr('39')s government to change Turkeychr('39')s political structure. In response to this question, the hypothesis raised is that the gap between secularism and religious institutions are so deep that it had now passed through a period of controlled conflict to a threat phase. To avoid these threats, the Erdogan government had to make significant changes to the constitution to consolidate its power. The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection from library sources and the research is using constructivism theory.

Security is the most important goal and concern of any government, without which there will be no progress and development in a society. In fact, the mutation and evolution of society will not be possible without considering security. In this regard, the most basic dimension of security is military security, to ensure this type of security, the country has a proper and codified defense strategy is a key condition. Therefore, one of the main components of an effective defense strategy is for the country to benefit from advanced and deterrent military-weapons capabilities in order to ensure national security and interests. One of the issues that can be effective in the direction of international security is the issue of disarmament and arms control; However, since in the international arena, treaties relating to disarmament and arms control have been developed by world powers in the national interest, it is essential that these treaties be viewed from a critical perspective. To this end, the Islamic Republic of Iran, as an active regional and trans-regional actor, considering the importance of disarmament and arms control in order to ensure security and national interests, has tried to actively participate in international processes, not only from To prevent the unequal enactment of laws, but to provide the necessary and favorable environment for the realization of the countrychr('39')s interests. Findings of the article show that the Islamic Republic of Iran has adjusted its defense strategy based on conventional deterrence due to its values, scholastic principles and Islamic-Iranian beliefs, upstream sources and documents. Therefore, in this regard, the Islamic Republic of Iran has rejected any production and use of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical and microbial) and has based its military authority on upgrading conventional military capabilities with a defensive approach.

The political and legal structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the establishment and establishment, influenced by the policy of non-dependence and self-reliance and under the leadership of its Imams, has always emphasized offensive and defensive strategies. In this regard, attention has been paid to cultural, political and economic strategies and the creation of new models according to the strategy of specific analysis of specific situations, the establishment of the political system and the Supreme Leader. From the beginning of his tenure as the leader of the revolution, the Supreme Leader, by creating discourse and floating goal-oriented strategies, has created central points for the development of cultural, political and economic strategies, which by alienating the domination system from these strategies. In the early 1990s, the nature of resistance in these strategies became more prominent. The hypothesis of the article is that Ayatollah Khamenei's cultural, political and economic strategies in thought and action are based on the discourse of national and regional resistance and active in all fields to confront the system of domination and economic, political and cultural hegemony of this geographical unit within geographical borders. It is the Islamic world and specifically the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article uses a descriptive analytical method influenced by the views of the Supreme Leader, which has emerged as the dominant linear model of policy-making in the country's policies, and analyzes post-developmental theories by rejecting the methodology of modern schools but with the same epistemology and ontology. That is, the creation of the Supreme Leader's strategies is a post-developmental discourse approach with a religious-national approach that rejects all linear and classical theories of development that marginalize the Third World and the South in favor of the North and their development patterns.