Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery
Volume:15 Issue: 1, 2005

Chronic hemodialysis patients are subjected to different stressors (physiological ‎and psychosocial) and use emotion – focused and problem – focused coping mechanisms that ‎can affect their quality of life.‎

This study has been performed in order to determine relationdship between ‎severity of stressors, coping mechanisms and quality of life in hemodialysis patients of Razi ‎hospital in Rasht, ‎‏2004‏‎.‎

In this descriptive – correlational study, ‎‏105‏‎ patients were selected by census. The ‎means for gathering data were ‎‏4‏‎ questionnaires including demographic data, hemodialysis ‎stressors scale, Jalowiec coping scale and Padilla etal’s quality of life index. These ‎questionnaires were completed by researcher through interview.

Results indicated that the mean of psychosocial stressors was higher than the mean ‎of physiological stressors (p<‎‏0.0001‏‎) and the mean of problem-focused coping was higher ‎than emotion – focused coping (p<‎‏0.0001‏‎). On the other hand the results showed that there ‎was a significant correlation between severity of stressors and emotion- focused coping ‎mechanisms (p<‎‏0.01‏‎) and between severity of stressors and quality of life (p<‎‏0.01‏‎). Also there ‎was a significant correlation between problem – focused coping mechanisms and quality of ‎life (p<‎‏0.01‏‎). Finally the results showed a significant positive correlation between the severity ‎of treatment – related stressors and emotion- focused coping mechanisms in regard to all of ‎demographic variables. There was a significant negative correlation between the severity of ‎stressors and problem-focused coping mechanisms in regard to age, marital status, and ‎sufficiency of income. Also there was a significant negative correlation between the severity ‎of stressors and quality of life in regard to all of demographic variables. On the other hand the ‎results showed a significant positive correlation between problem- focused coping mechanisms ‎and quality of life only in regard to age.

Nurses have important roles in promoting QOL by planning appropriate nursing ‎intervention in order to eliminate or reduce severity of hemodialysis related stressors and ‎support problem – focused coping.‎

The goal of prenatal care is maintenance of mother’s health and delivery of a ‎healthy neonate. Weight gain is the most obvious physical change during pregnancy and ‎controlling mother’s weight plays an important role in safe process of pregnancy.‎

The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between mother’s weight gain ‎during pregnancy and neonate’s weight and type of delivery in urban and rural population.‎

This descriptive study was done on ‎‏400‏‎ medical charts chosen from Health centers ‎of Rasht city and Sangar village. Data needed in this study was mother’s weight gain during ‎pregnancy type of delivery and weight of neonate.‎

Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between mother’s and ‎neonate’s weight but there was no statistical difference between mothers’ weight gain and ‎type of delivery.‎

Weight gain during pregnancy was the same among women from urban and rural ‎areas and was significantly correlated with birth weight.‎

Electroconvulsive therapy is the most common and also unique method in ‎psychiatry that is used for treatment of many mental disorders such as major depression, ‎schizophrenia and etc. Despite of safety and usefulness of this method, the patients and ‎families have a great deal of stress about it. This stressful approach caused negative attitudes ‎and difficulties in treatment and following up care .Since reactions of the patients and their ‎families can be effective for reforming the medical programs, so considering their knowledge, ‎opinion, experiences and attitudes about ECT is very important.‎

The goal was to determine the knowledge and attitude of the mental patients, ‎families about the electroconvulsive therapy at the Ebn-e- Sina psychiatry center of Mashad

This research is a descriptive study and its samples consist of ‎‏71‏member of the ‎families whose patients previously experienced ECT at least once. The means for collecting ‎data was a questionnaire, which was filled by the researcher through structured interviewing ‎in three sections including demographic data, knowledge questions and attitudes questions. ‎For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistic(x‏2‏‎, ‎spearman correlation coefficient) were used.

Findings totally showed that most of members (‎‏71/8%‏‎) had a poor knowledge and ‎‏70/4%‏‎ of them had a negative attitude about ECT. The result also indicated a significant ‎statistical relation between knowledge about ECT with level of education (P<‎‏0/0001‏‎), ‎hospitalization (p<‎‏0/034‏‎) and times of getting (p<‎‏0/016‏‎). Furthermore the attitudes toward ‎ECT had a significant statistical relation with hospitalization (p<‎‏0/002‏‎) and times of getting ‎‎(p<‎‏0/001‏‎). The obtained results showed no significant statistical relation between knowledge ‎about ECT and attitudes toward ECT with other demographic variables. Spearman correlation ‎coefficient test obtained a right correlation and a significant statistical relation between ‎knowledge about ECT and attitudes toward it (p<‎‏0‏‎/‎‏001‏‎, r=‎‏0/78‏‎).‎

These findings indicated that the participants have a low level knowledge and a ‎negative attitude about ECT. Furthermore, there was more knowledge if the level of ‎education had been Higher, and the member of families whose patient had been hospitalized ‎more and more received more ECT, had a higher knowledge and positive attitude about ECT.‎

Physical growth in infants is the most important health indicator. In fact many ‎factors influence infants’ physical growth. Because of complete dependence of infants to their ‎mothers and role of mother care and health behavior is important for health promotion.‎

This research is a correlational descriptive study done with the aim of determining ‎relationship between maternal health behaviors with physical growth pattern in children under ‎one year.‎

Data collection tool was a questionnaire including two sections: the first part ‎included demographic characteristics of mother and child, and second part included three ‎sections for measurement of health behavior about nutrition, sleep and preventing disease in ‎child under one year. Information related health behavior was completed with reading ‎questionnaire and measurement of physical growth was Recorded from file. ‎‏362‏‎ mother and ‎their children under one year were selected randomly.

Research finding about physical growth of child less than one year showed that most ‎of them (‎‏57.5%‏‎) had unfavorable physical growth. Also the results about health preventing ‎indicated most of (‎‏57.7%‏‎) sample had suitable health behavior and about sleep most of (‎‏88.7%‏‎) ‎them have unsuitable health behaviors. Result showed that there was significant correlation ‎between mother’s health behavior in all three domains and child physical growth according to ‎mother and child’s demographic characteristics (p<‎‏0/001‏‎).‎

Results showed that most of the mothers of childern had suitable health ‎behavior about children’s nutrition (‎‏69.2%‏‎) sleep (‎‏19.3%‏‎), and prevention of disease (‎‏86.5%‏‎).And ‎also children had favorable physical growth and there was a significant correlation between ‎maternal health behavior and child physical growth pattern (p<‎‏0.001‏‎).‎

Assessing the growth and development of children is an important parameter in ‎their health assessment. Since the growth effecting agents vary in countries, it is not sensible ‎considering a unique growth chart for all.‎

In this research we have studied the growth chart of children under ‎‏2‏‎ years old in ‎BandarAbbas and compared it to standard NCHS growth curve.‎

In this descriptive study, we have selected ‎‏1000‏‎ children from five health centers ‎of BandarAbbas by means of simple randomized sampling. All data about children (height & ‎weight) and their parents’ characteristics such as education and job were gathered and ‎analyzed by means of t-test and ANOVA.

In contrary to height curve, the weight curve of children was below the standard ‎level. A significant relationship has been observed between weight curve and parents’ ‎education and fathers’ job, but mothers’ job does not have a significant effect on children ‎growth chart.‎

The weight gain pattern of children up to ‎‏24‏‎ months in Bandar Abbas differs ‎from the standard and this difference widens in age ‎‏6-18‏‎ months and is affected by factors ‎such as parents’ education and fathers’ job. Therefore, in attention to same timing of ‎introduction of solid food and tooth budding with widening of children’s weight curve with ‎standard curve, (all happens in ‎‏6‏‎ months age),more attention should be paid to feeding and ‎proper health intervention to be conducted in order to control effective factors on children’s ‎development.‎

Postpartum depression is a kind of psychiatric disorder that demographic and ‎psychosocial factors are related to it.

In this descriptive – co relational study that aimed to determine the rate of ‎postpartum depression and determine relationship between postpartum depression and ‎demographic and psychosocial factors.

In this study ‎‏350‏‎ women were selected through random clustering. The instrument ‎for gathering data was two questionnaires including demographic psychosocial data and ‎Edinburgh test. Researcher through interview completed these questionnaires. ‎

The result indicated that ‎‏16%‏‎ of sample had postpartum depression. The results ‎indicated a significant correlation between enough family income for expenditure (p< ‎‏0.0001‏‎) ‎satisfied living with husband’s relatives (p= ‎‏0‏‎.‎‏021‏‎) life’s unusual events (p<‎‏0.0001‏‎) history of ‎mental disorder in family (p<‎‏0.0001‏‎) history of post partum depression in family (p= ‎‏0.008‏‎) ‎unwanted pregnancy (p=‎‏0.041‏‎) wanted abortion (p<‎‏0.0001‏‎) satisfaction of mothers about ‎baby’s sex (p=‎‏0.034‏‎) satisfaction of husband’s family about baby’s sex (p=‎‏0.005‏‎) kind of ‎communication with husband (p<‎‏0.0001‏‎) kind of communication with husband’s family (p<‎‏0‏‎. ‎‏0001‏‎) and postpartum depression . There was not a significant relationship between age, ‎number of children, number of pregnancy and delivery, past abortion and still birth, ‎occupation condition, marital status, kind of delivery, level of education, the numbers of ‎members living in family, living with husband’s relative, kind of life’s unusual event, satisfied ‎husband about baby sex, satisfied husband about mother’s job, planning for care of new born ‎and post partum depression.

Nurses have important roles in secondary prevention by screening women with ‎postpartum depression, and refer them appropriately and quickly to psychiatrist. Nurses need ‎to be knowledgeable about high – risk factors and share this information with women and ‎their families. ‎

Obesity in childhood is not only isolated to obesity in adulthood but it also ‎aggravates physical complication later in life. One of the simple strategies for prevention of ‎pediatric obesity is breastfeeding in infancy period.‎

This study aimed to determine the relationship between milk feeding pattern and ‎preschool children’s weight.‎

This study is a retrospective case-control. For data collection, a questionnaire, meter ‎and scale was used. In this study the case groups were obese children and the control groups ‎were children with normal weight. Sample size was ‎‏120‏‎ that were selected by cluster ‎randomized method. Researcher selected the sample by reporting to day care centers affiliated ‎to Behzisti and ‎‏60‏‎ obese and ‎‏60‏‎ normal weight children were chosen after their age, sex, ‎height, weight and BMI was measured. According to the definition of this study, children ‎with BMI more the ‎‏85‏‎ percentile based on age and sex were considered obese.‎

The results indicated that there was a significant difference between milkfeeding ‎pattern during infancy and obese, and normal weight children (P<‎‏0.001‏‎). But there was no ‎significant difference between timing of introduction of solid foods. But there was a ‎significant difference between daily TV watching (P<‎‏0.001‏‎), mother’s BMI (P<‎‏0.001‏‎) and ‎birth weight (P<‎‏0.003‏‎) in two groups.‎

This survey indicated that milkfeeding pattern differed significantly between ‎obese and normal weight children, also after adjusting demographic characteristics, ‎milkfeeding pattern was significant, thus milkfeeding pattern along with demographic ‎characteristics effects children’s weight.‎

Cancer and its related treatments reduces one`s physical and psycho-social ‎abilities and makes them more in need of homecare. These cares are usually provided by ‎primary relatives which affects their quality of life in different dimensions and these changes ‎can affect the outcome of patients’ treatment.‎

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of life of primary relative giving ‎care to cancer patients considering their demographic characteristics.‎

This was a descriptive study in which data were obtained through questionnaire. ‎Study sample included ‎‏115‏‎ people who accompanied patients when receiving treatmeat cancer ‎center of Emam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Samples were selected continuously and those ‎who met the inclulion criteria were chosen on their own agreement. The self- reported ‎questionnaires were given after the procedures was explained the samples.‎

Based on study Findings, there was not an important difference in mean score of ‎QOL based on valiables such as age, sex, level of education, duration of disease and kind of ‎relativity to patients. But the score of QOL was significantly different as regard to variables ‎of marital status, and economic status.‎

Based on study findings, people with moderate to well economic status had ‎better QOL as compared to those with poor economic status. So the ministry of Health must ‎pay more attention to this important issue and improve insurance, providing expensive drugs ‎and homecare in order to improve the QOL of these patients and their families.‎

Anxiety is one of the most common reactions to stressors and ‎hospitalized children confront it and playing is a priority care to reduce stress.‎

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of playing on the ‎level of anxiety in school- age children hospitalized in educational pediatric centers ‎in Rasht city.‎

This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on ‎‏110‏‎ hospitalized school- ‎age children. These children were randomized into two groups according to their ‎characteristics and number of room they were hospitalized.‎ For data collection, two questionnaires were used which included demographic ‎information and espielberger`s anxiety scale and also a vital sign check list was used. ‎The methodology included that after completing the questionnaires send to play ‎room and played for half an hour. But for control group no intervention was done. ‎After half an hour play, the experiment group returned to their beds in their rooms ‎and the anxiety questionnaire and check list were done again.‎

Findings indicated that play significantly decreased anxiety level in ‎hospitalized children and T-test showed significant difference between the ‎experiment and control group (p<‎‏0.0001‏‎).‎

According to the above findings, it can be said that play is a proper ‎method of coping with anxiety, physical and mental health, and confrontating the ‎difficulty of illness and hospitalization.‎