نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 29 (زمستان 1398)

With the start of the Arab Spring in the Middle East, the public perceived the collapse of dictatorships and the creation of democratic regimes. But many popular revolutions were either suppressed, or by coup, returned to pre-revolutionary conditions or Western-controlled forces took control of the state. But in a country like Libya, there are other conditions that are rooted in a series of internal and external factors that have led to a crisis and instability and destruction of its infrastructure in recent years. This situation is the result of internal contexts and external factors, which goes back to the specific geography of Libya in various aspects of politics, culture, geoeconomic and its geo-political position. With the continuity of the crisis and the confrontation between different currents and forces, the situation has progressed so much that the future of the country has become a complex saga, and every internal force or foreign actor wants to implement its intended state of affairs in this country, usually these goals are rooted in interests These flows. Looking at the problem-centered issue of the Libyan crisis and finding a solution to solve it with the goal of stability and democracy, necessarily refers to the nature, components, factors of occurrence and continuity and its adverse effects on the region and peripheral environment, with functionalism approach to explain the crisis of the country. As a system with actors and forces and system functions. This re-search seeks to answer two questions: (a) What is the root of the current crisis, and what impact does it have on peripheral areas such as North Africa and the Mediterranean?(B) What is the right solution for the end of the crisis? The results show that the lack of a national comprehensive thinking and the mechanism for the formation of a political system that includes the interests of the majority of domestic political actors was the main cause of the crisis, and this lack constituted a field for the involvement of region-al and transnational actors to exacerbate and expand The crisis has created, and the formation of a national system with an Arabic nationalistic approach without any reli-gious orientation, can overcome the escalating factors and lead the country to withdraw from the current crisis, in order to prevent the harmful effects of the geopolitical crisis on the periphery of Including North Africa and the Mediterranean region . MethodThe research in this paper is descriptive-analytical and data on library and documentary methods has been compiled.

Throughout history, human beings have used their acquired technology for sinister and utilitarian purposes by infectious microbial agents to kill and destroy humans. Changes in their pathogenic characteristics do not require complex and exaggerated technologies, and diseases caused by these factors are generally contagious and spread easily among armed forces personnel and other members of the community. They are infected. Whereas any un-armed action which reduces vulnerability to enemy threats and military ac-tion is part of passive defense action; Therefore, passive defense measures in-crease the strength of the combat forces and cause the survival and survival of the country’s manpower. The purpose of this study is to show how passive defense can be used as an indicator to continue the necessary activities against bioterrorist attacks of microbial agents in the armed forces. This research has been descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of type. And the sample population according to Cochran’s formula included 79 professors, students, physicians, laboratory and nursing experts at random. The results of research show that passive defense, by providing and launching infectious diseases departments in the Armed Forces hospitals and providing physical protection equipment and detection equipment, will continue the necessary activities against bioterrorism attacks (microbial agents) in the Armed Forces

The statement of the second step of the revolution as one of the upstream documents deserves to be studied and researched in the field of foreign me-dia propaganda methods and the researcher’s goal is to identify the foreign media propaganda methods based on the second step statement of the revolu-tion, including False news, biased analysis, distortion of facts, concealment of hopeful manifestations, magnification of small flaws and small showing or denying great virtues, and scientifically demonstrate its connection with domestic crises .To achieve this goal, library methods and fish-picking tools have been used, and what is certain is that hard methods such as war or coup d’etat for various reasons, including heavy costs, change of mindset and at-titude of international communities and ... regarding the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran has lost its functions and global arrogance has come to the conclusion that in order to bring this revolution to its knees, soft war and media propaganda must replace the methods of war,and the recent protests show that since 2009, the activities of soft war of foreigners based on media propaganda against the Islamic Revolution of Iran have increased. Thus, me-dia propaganda techniques in the first stage change the thoughts, in the sec-ond stage change speech, and finally lead to behavior change, which requires governments to be aware of the consequences in order to be safe from security surprises in the future

According to the deterrence theory, each attacker compares the benefits and inefficiencies of his action, and if the benefits outweigh the losses, he takes aggressive action to secure the national interests. Therfore, the Islamic Re-public of Iran’s armed forces need to achieve to a certain level of power (hard and soft) that enemies feel in case taking aggressive actions against the Islamic Republic of Iran the costs and damages they have to pay will be much heavier than the benefits.This study aims to identify the nature of power in the international system, as well as the type and nature of threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran and to provide a model of the impact of cultural power in promoting the defense deterrence of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and tries to answer the question that, what is the model for upgrading the deterrent power of the armed forces based on upstream docu-ments (the Holy Quran, the orders of the Supreme Leader(may God protect him) and the vision document)?The results of the study show that the gaining deterrent power in the new international environment follows different pat-terns than in the past. Although military power is still an important element of deterrent power, it is not pervasive and common. Today the socio-cultural field is an important area, and its material is persuasion and satisfaction, and its tools are media and communication and information technologies.Thus, threats against the Islamic Republic follow the nature of power in the interna-tional system, and it is possible to create a deterrent against it by promoting cultural power

The security crisis is a topic that is often assumed to be there, while its mean-ing and dimensions remain largely unknown. Given that in analyzing the concept of security crisis, a security perspective on the issue of crisis is con-sidered, it is necessary to examine the theoretical framework to address it in the form of security studies. That is why the “Copenhagen School” has been chosen for this purpose. The Copenhagen School is the only approach based solely on security studies, and from this perspective it is an approach that has sought to establish an independent place for security studies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of security crisis with emphasis on the Copenhagen school. The type of the research is applied one and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the present study consists of twelve experts and elits in security issues. All members are considered as a whole in the sample size of the research. Researchers tried to answer the question that: what is the meaning, dimensions and levels of the security crisis with emphasis on the teachings of the Copenhagen School?.After collecting research literature and conducting interviews, and analyzing the collected information, it was concluded that each of the security crises (political, economic, social, military and environmental) can be Classified based on three indicators of threat, time and surprise, in eight categories in-cluding; administrative, normal, intentional, reflective, special, cumbersome, emerging, and completely critical

This study aims to investigate the role of media literacy in social crises and seeks to answer the question, what is the role of media literacy in social crises? This research is applied in terms of type of research and descriptiveanalytical method has been used to conduct research. The statistical population of the present study consists of all experts in the field of media, media literacy, communication sciences, as well as ex-perts in the field of social crises, and due to the limited statistical popu-lation, the entire statistical population as a whole. The number is sta-tistically examined as the sample size. Data collection tools are library studies, interviews and questionnaires whose validity was confirmed by experts and its validity was obtained through a method called Cron-bach’s alpha and the rate (0.84) and then a 42-item questionnaire was performed on the statistical population and information was extracted. Were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics and using SPSS software, the results show that; Media literacy in the dimensions of media consumption regime (determining the amount and manner of using each media, recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of media as well as its uses and limitations), critical thinking (understand-ing the hidden meanings of media messages resulting from it) And me-dia streamlining (recognizing the nature of different media streams, and understanding the overt and covert goals of media owners) play a role in social crises