Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Autumn 2020

Patient safety is one of the main components of health services quality which is defined as the prevention of harm to patients during health care provision. Medical students as members of the treatment team play an important role in patient safety. This study aimed to identify the role of medical students in patient safety in medical centers in Semnan province.

This applied-qualitative study was carried out using a content analysis approach via the framework analysis method. The participants were key informants and experts of patient safety friendly hospital program. They were selected using purposive sampling and the sampling process continued until the data saturation (n=14). The data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using MAXQDA software (version 10).

Of 468 primary codes, 6 main codes were extracted including the importance of student education, student participation in teamwork, interaction with patients, medical errors and patient safety threats, standardization of educational processes, and the importance of completing medical documentation.

The results of this study indicated that students have a broad impact on patient safety. Professors and faculty members can improve patient safety and patient satisfaction by interacting with hospital managers, improving the knowledge and clinical capability of medical students, and reducing the impact of negative factors on patient safety.

People's perception of the risk of heart disease is effective in their response to disease, potential risks, decision making, and reduction of heart disease and is an important predictor of adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze health workers’ perception of the risk of heart disease.

The present study was conducted using a conventional content analysis method. The participants were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation. To this end, 18 health workers were selected from the medical staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection process continued until the data saturation point, and the collected data were analyzed simultaneously with the sampling procedure.

Three main categories including an "incentive to search for more information", "guidelines for health promotion", and "a warning to avoid risks" were identified from the data, and were divided into nine subcategories that were conceptually named based on their nature. The majority of participants believed that not perceiving the disease risk factors is due to lack of knowledge because of limited access to new sources of information.

Individuals’ perception of the risk of heart disease promotes the adoption of appropriate strategies to prevent the disease. In contrast, inadequate perception may prevent adults from considering the need for early preventive behaviors or seeking early life-saving interventions in the presence of coronary heart disease symptoms.

Experts have considered environmental issues in health departments very important and essential. Understanding nurses’ experience of integrated human resource management and environmental management is an important aspect in this regard. Since nurses are a major source of organizational knowledge in hospitals, their point of views can be important and effective.

This study was a qualitative content analysis with 21 nursing staff in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected via purposive sampling method and data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data collection continued until data saturation point. The Graneheim and Lundman method was applied to analyze the data.

In data analysis, six main and relevant themes were found, including "Green Culture Management", "Green Education", "Green Performance Management", "Green Empowerment", "Green Structure", and "Green Screening".

Green human resource management activities are a set of cultural, organizational and individual factors, which strengthen the environmental attitude and performance in hospitals.

The occurrence of ancer in children affects the quality of life of family directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, mothers are the main caregivers and the psychological distress that mothers experience are more than those experienced by other family members. Since in Iran many people resort to spiritual beliefs in dealing with life difficulties, getting aware of the spiritual experiences of mothers of cancer children is very important and useful. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explain the spiritual experiences of mothers of cancer children.

This qualitative study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological method. The statistical population of the study included mothers of cancer children hospitalized in Mahak Pediatric Cancer Hospital in Tehran in 2018. Twenty mothers were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected via semi-structrued interviews and data collection continued until theoretical data saturation. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven‐step method.

Three main categories and thirteen subcategories were identified in this study. The main categories included "Experiencing spiritual moments and closeness to God", "The mothers’ deep psychological and emotional experiences", and "The improvement of family interactions".

The results of this study indicated that mothers of cancer children gain valuable spiritual experiences concerning their closeness to God as well as psychological and emotional dimensions. These experiences help to change the view of mothers toward their children’s disease.

Universities are academic centers that induce changes in society and students and professors are the most important elements of both the university and society. Therefore, understanding their views about career prospects is of particular importance. Besides, professional development refers to improving the job position along with increasing responsibility. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the views of PhD students and faculty members of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences about career prospects and professional development using a qualitative study approach.

This study was conducted using a content analysis approach. The participants were faculty members and PhD students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2016-2017. They were selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the participants. In total, 23 PhD students were interviewed at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Each interview lasted from 30 to 45 minutes.

The two main themes (concern for the future and meeting individual needs) and four subthemes were extracted from the PhD students’ data and two main themes (interest in pursuing studies and the inconsistency and inefficiency of educational and professional systems) and three subthemes emerged from the faculty members’ data.

Given the insights from this study, managers of the health system are recommended to pay special attention to ensuring students' career prospects through successful planning for training capable human resources, reforming the educational structure fitting the work environment, teaching entrepreneurial skills, and creating effective employment conditions. Besides, faculty members are among the components of the educational structure of the country, and paying attention to their progress is essential to increase their productivity. Therefore, it is important to recognize the factors affecting their job satisfaction and progress and their optimal performance.

Psychiatric disorders are among the most stigmatizing disorders. Self-stigma will have desperate consequences for people such as patients who consider themselves worthless since they belong to a group that most people have negative feelings about. The present study was designed and conducted to better understand the experiences of patients with psychiatric disorders on self-stigma. This study, performed on 12 psychiatric patients in 2017, was a hermeneutic phenomenological research. The patients were selected based on purposive sampling method and unstructured interviews were used for data collection. According to the method developed by Diekelmann, a hermeneutic approach was used to analyze the data. Moreover, to determine the validity of the study, the criteria provided by Guba and Lincoln were utilized. "Broken Personality" was identified as the main theme of the phenomenon and included seven subthemes: "Injured feelings", "Like wax in the hands of others," "Scandalous symptoms of disease," "Coming from another land," "Stranger to oneself", "Degradation of the position", and "Shame of diagnosis". The results of this study emphasized the necessity to develop comprehensive and appropriate interventions to combat and prevent self-stigma in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Death anxiety is one of the ultimate anxieties of humankind, which is caused by consciousness of mortality and inevitability of death. Considering the fact that knowledge of death and experience of death anxiety arise from childhood, the objective of this study was to explore the experiences of children with heart disease and cancer about death anxiety.

This study was conducted qualitatively with a phenomenological approach. The participants were 15 children with cancer and congenital heart disease (CHD) at Ali Asghar (AS), Modarres, and Rasoul-e-Akram hospitals in Tehran in 2018, whose information was collected through semi-structured interviews. The participants were selected via purposive sampling and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method.

The analysis of the data led to the development of a main category called anxiety, which consists of six subcategories including imaginary manifestations of death, loneliness and nothingness, fear and anxiety, unknowns, religious beliefs, and sorrow for others.

The investigation of the experiences of children showed that death anxiety is a very important concept in the minds of children with heart disease and cancer and it has different aspects. Therefore, proper knowledge of the various aspects of death anxiety can lead to the provision of appropriate educational materials and the use of various sources for reducing the level of anxiety experienced by children.

Intimacy is especially important in married life. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the marital intimacy of veteran couples.

This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of veteran couples in Shiraz. Sampling was done purposively and continued until the saturation point was reached. The data were collected from 10 semi-structured interviews with veteran couples on intimacy and Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data.

Factors affecting the marital intimacy of veteran couples were extracted in the form of 4 categories and 17 sub-categories. The identified categories included individual factors (personality traits, attachment styles, differentiation, physical and mental health), interpersonal factors (communication patterns, communication skills, matching and similarity, conflict resolution styles, emotional and sexual needs), religious and cultural factors (religious beliefs and attitudes, interaction with in-laws), and demographic factors (education, occupation, economic status, presence of children, duration of the marriage, gender).

Marital intimacy of veteran couples is influenced by individual, interpersonal, religious and cultural, and demographic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to different factors affecting marital intimacy in the counseling of veteran couples. The present study can be a good guide for therapists to provide appropriate interventions to increase intimacy.