فصلنامه پرستاری، مامایی و پیراپزشکی
سال ششم شماره 3 (زمستان 1399)

Nursing training courses play a vital role in educating nursing students and they need to be of high quality to be able to train students to provide safe and quality care as qualified individuals. The aim of the current study is a comparison of the Iranian Nursing Ph.D. curriculum and the American Duke School of Nursing.

The current study is descriptive-comparative. In the study, the Iranian Nursing Ph.D. curriculum is compared with the Duke School of Nursing in the US. Data have been collected through searching on the websites of the Ministry of Health in Iran, the Duke School of Nursing, together with Persian and English databases. The adjustment between the two curricula is done using the Beredy method, which includes four steps of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison.

The Ph.D. curriculum in nursing in Iran is older than Duke School. Despite the centralized student admission method in Iran, Duke College operates independently in this regard. The presented courses in Duke Curriculum are more diverse and there is a lot of emphasis on statistics and research methods in the curriculum. The mission of Iranchr('39')s curriculum is defined at the national level, but Duke School has a cross-border perspective in expressing its mission.

Considering the existing challenges in the Iranian curriculum, it is necessary to seriously review the Iranian Nursing Ph.D. educational program to align with the needs of society, the health system, nursing and the needs of professors and students.

As a natural and stressful experience, associated with extensive psychological and physical changes in pregnant mothers, pregnancy can have a significant impact on womenchr('39')s quality of life, relationships, and marital satisfaction.This study aimed to determine the level of marital satisfaction and the factors affecting it in primigravida women referring to Sanandaj comprehensive health centers in 2018.

The study was descriptive cross-sectional that was carry on 400 primigravida women referred to Sanandaj comprehensive health centers during the summer of 2018. The sampling method phased as follows: first, the city was divided into five sections and from each section, three centers were randomly selected and a total of 400 primigravida women were included in the study having the necessary criteria. Data collection tools were a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic and midwifery characteristics as well as Enrich Form Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire with 35 Questions. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS20 software.

The majority of the studied cases have moderate satisfaction in different dimensions of marital satisfaction (35.5%), communication (35.75%), conflict resolution (46.5%) and ideal distortion (35.25%). Besdies, total marital satisfaction was 62.23%, which showed that most pregnant women had moderate to high marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction showed a significant relationship with some demographic characteristics including the age of spouse, level of education for the spouse, spouse occupation, income level, polygamy and previous marriage history (p <0.05).
Discussion and

The results showed that the majority of primigravida women have moderate to high marital. Therefore, the establishment of counseling centers in comprehensive health centers can provide the basis for raising awareness about the factors that improve marital satisfaction and further strengthen the family foundation.

Privacy is a complex phenomenon that has various interpretations within healthcare systems. Understanding and measurement of this concept is essential for care providers. This study aimed to design and test the psychometrics of the hospitalized patient privacy measurement instrument.

The present study is a sequential exploratory study of instrumentation that was conducted in 2018 in three consecutive steps. In the first step, the concept of privacy was defined using hybrid concept analysis. In the second step, items were produced based on the first step findings. In the third step, 300 patients hospitalized in internal and surgical wards of public hospitals in Tehran completed an instrument for census sampling in order to evaluate instrumental psychometric features.

Based on the obtained findings from content analysis, the initial pool of questions included 91 items, which dropped to 74 by eliminating repetitive and overlapping items. After formal and content validation and item analysis, a total of 19 items remained. The overall content index of the instrument was 0.81. The results of exploratory factor analysis including personal privacy, psychosocial privacy, and spiritual-religious privacy were identified as 45.5% of the total variance. Instrument reliability was obtained by using Cronbachchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s alpha coefficient of 0.856 and the intra-class correlation of 0.95.

Research findings provide new insight into the patients’ privacy implications and introduce PPI as a simple, valid, and reliable instrument for measuring the privacy of patients in general admissions departments.

The ability of proper communication is the core issue in all nursing care. Effective professional inter-professional communication is necessary for ensuring the coordination of care, improvement of satisfaction, and overall health outcomes of patients. The present study aimed to determine the status of professional and inter-professional communication in the nursing of Iran. In addition, attempts were made to recognize problems in the field and discuss their consequences and coping strategies.

This was a review study, and data were obtained through searching databases of Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID, and PubMed to find published articles regardless of their date of publication and language.

The primary search with keywords of “nurse” or “nursing student”, “physician”, or “doctor” or “resident”, “patient”, “communication”, or “teamwork” or “cooperation” or “interaction, and “professional communication” or “inter-professional communication” or “interpersonal communication” (both in Farsi and English) resulted in detecting a total of 7181 studies. However, 20 related articles were selected for review in the final assessment stage. The data gathered in the field of communication of nurses was discussed in three areas of nurse-physician, nurse-nurse, and nurse-patient and family communications.

Studies emphasized the importance of teamwork and inter-professional competencies more than ever. It is recommended that educational programs include inter-professional and teamwork training so that the triangular process of physician-nurse-patient communication is formed in the educational environment in a way that students can work in teams and have inter-professional cooperation in line with achieving healthcare goals.

Puberty and adolescence is a period of increasing stress in life that causes a kind of anxiety and psychological instability in adolescents. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between emotional and social maturity problems in adolescents with depressive disorder and social anxiety.

The type of this study was descriptive and its method was correlational. The statistical population included all male and female high school students in Rasht in the academic year 2017-2018, 542 people, from whom a sample of 220 people was selected by stratified random sampling. Goldberg Depression Inventory (1979), Singh & Bahargawa (1990) Emotional Maturity Questionnaire, and Watson & Friend (1969) Social Anxiety Inventory were used to collect data. Research data were analyzed using Pearson parametric statistics and multivariate regression.

The results showed that there was a significant and inverse correlation between emotional and social maturity with social anxiety (-0.81) and depressive disorder (-0.72) (P˂0.01).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that emotional and social maturity is a unique feature of puberty and adolescence and these variables are able to predict the problems of emotional and social maturity. Among teenagers.

The Knowledge of pharmacology and drug calculation Skill in nursing education is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical pharmacology unit training on the pharmacological knowledge and drug calculation Skill of nursing students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.

In an experimental study, 66 nursing students from Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected using random sampling method. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS software version 23.

The study findings showed that a statistically significant difference in studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) drug computational skills in the two control and test groups was observed after the intervention (p = 0.02). In studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) pharmacological knowledge, there is a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention group after the intervention in the areas of drug side effects (p = 0.02) and nursing care (p = 0.005).

The training of the Clinical Pharmacology Unit had a positive effect on the skills of pharmaceutical calculations and two areas of pharmaceutical and nursing care from students chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))pharmacological knowledge, since accurate calculation of drug dosage and sufficient knowledge in the field of pharmaceutical and nursing care has a very important impact on patientschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) medication. It can be hoped that the clinical teaching of this unit will have a significant impact on the skills of pharmaceutical calculations and pharmacological knowledge of nursing students.

Aging is a biological process that all living beings, including humans, experience. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas with emotional intelligence and emotional regulation in the elderly with diabetes.

This research was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all elderly people with diabetes referred to the Charity Association for the Support of Diabetic Patients in Guilan Province in the last month of 2019 to 541 people, of whom 225 were sampled. A class was selected randomly. To collect data, Youngchr('39')s early maladaptive schema questionnaires (1998), Meyer and Salovi (1997) emotional intelligence questionnaires, and Gross and John (2003) emotional regulation questionnaires were used. Research data were analyzed using Pearson parametric statistics and multivariate regression.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotional intelligence in the elderly (P˂0.01). There was also a significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotional regulation in the elderly (P˂0.01). In another part of this study, the results showed that 24.4% of changes in early maladaptive schemas in the elderly can be explained using changes in emotional intelligence variables and emotional regulation.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the variables of emotional intelligence and emotional regulation are good predictors of early maladaptive schemas in the elderly with diabetes.

The quality of support that a mother receives during labor is important for maintaining the health of all family members. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between companion midwifery (DULLA) performance and maternal and neonatal outcomes.   This research is a descriptive-analytical and case-control study of a prospective type that was conducted between 2013-2018. The study population consisted of mothers referred to the delivery ward of Saveh hospitals. Information on maternal and neonatal outcomes was collected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Demographic characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. There was significant difference in the type of delivery between the two groups, and in the case group, the highest rate of vaginal delivery was observed (p = 0.001). The duration of the active phase of the first and the second stages of labor was less in the case group(p = 0.001).The rate of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups was significantly lower in the control group(p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the beginning of breastfeeding in the first hour after birth (p = 0.08). Conclusion The presence of a companion midwife (DULLA) with the mother improves some of the outcomes childbirth. It is recommended that studies be done in the field of health system and corrective interventions will be done if it is needed.

 Social skills are among the components that could be related to the occurrence of high-risk behaviors in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between social skills and perspective of high-risk behaviors in adolescents in Sanandaj, Iran.

 This correlational-descriptive study was performed on 360 high-school students selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Ahmadpour Turkman High-risk Behaviors Questionnaire, and Gresham and Elliott Social Skills Rating System. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using Chi-square, non-parametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

 In this study, the majority of the participants were tenth-grade 15 to 19-year-old individuals (66.4%). The mean and standard deviation of high-risk behaviors was estimated at 54.12±10.41. Moreover, the mean and standard deviation of students’ social skills was 9.08±2.51. According to the results, there was a significant, reverse correlation between high-risk behaviors and social skills of the participants.

 According to the results of the study, there was a significant, reverse association between high-risk behaviors and the social skills of the students. Given the importance of adolescence, improvement of social skills can prevent the emergence of high-risk behaviors to some extent.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of memory specificity training on intrusive memories and depression in female patients with multiple sclerosis(MS).

This  quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population this study included all women with MS referred to medical centers in Khorramabad in 1399, Who were free to participate in the study and using the convenience judmental sampling method, 30 people were selected and assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and control (15 people). The data collection tools included Impact of Event Scale-Revised (Weiss and Marmer, 1997) and the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (Beck, 1996). SPSS software version 19 was used to analyze statistical data. For this purpose, at the level of descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and at the inferential level, analysis of covariance was used.

The results showed that memory specificity training significantly reduced intrusive memories in the post-test stage (P <0.001, F = 6.22) and depression in the post-test stage (P <0.001, F = 14.06) in female patients with multiple sclerosis in the experimental group Took.

According to the findings of this study, memory specificity training is an effective psychological intervention in reducing intrusive memories and depression.