ماهنامه معرفت
سال بیست و نهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 278، بهمن 1399)

This paper is a commentary on the advices of Imam Mohammad Bagher (PBUH) regarding the characteristics of the real Shiites. Imam says: Achieve peace of heart by entrusting (all matters to God) and seek the comfort of the body in the peace of the heart, just as reducing errors can bring peace of mind to you. Psychologists and Existentialists believe that humans are anxious animals. If man is not anxious, he is not human. To treat anxiety, psychologists believe that one should not think about the difficulties and troubles of life and he should be looking for happiness and entertainment. But the divine prophets (PBUT) believe that in order to get rid of worldly anxieties, one must know the nature of the world, which is a passage and temporary place. One who endures the hardships of this world and performs his duties will attain eternal peace and comfort. One should not trust in God. The prerequisite for leaving matters to God is that man should feel calm and his only concern should be his duty. Trusting in God is a way to achieve peace of mind, which eradicates anxiety, unreasonable unhappiness and fears.

One of the human cognitions that has a great impact on his perfection is intuitive knowledge. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper studies the positive and negative role of human intuitive knowledge in human evolution from the perspective of the Quran in the context of thematic interpretation. The findings indicate that some verses indicate that man's intuitive knowledge of himself and God is the same as perfection and has a positive role in his perfection. According to another group of verses, God Himself imparts intuitive knowledge to some special servants, which increases their perfection. Other verses also show that some present knowledge can have a negative effect on human perfection. Evil temptations and feeling needless are among these knowledges.

All human beings have a divine nature, but this nature is sometimes obscured by various obstacles, hence, it needs flourishing and actualization. In contrast to these obstacles, some factors cause the flourishing of nature, including the remembrance of God. Using a descriptive-analytical and desk-research method, this paper studies the role of remembrance in the flourishing of divine nature in man. Studies show that from the perspective of the Holy Quran, divine remembrance has a special effect on the flourishing of human divine nature. This means that the more one remembers God, the more intuitive knowledge will be, and hence the divine nature of man becomes more flourish. This issue has many effects on the life of the people of remembrance. Purity, continuity, multiplicity and secrecy are the conditions for the flourishing of nature by God remembrance.

Dignity, meaning invincibility and authority, is one of the innate needs of human beings that plays an essential role in all periods of human life. The ways to achieve dignity in the Holy Quran can be illustrated in the form of a process. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper studies the process of securing dignity from the perspective of the Quran. Research shows that knowing true dignity, believing in its divine origin, and knowing one's own existential truth are among the cognitive strategies of dignity. Realizing the necessary attributes in human beings is the second step of realizing dignity in human beings. Among those sublime attributes, divine piety is one of the most important tools for gaining dignity. And finally, jihad in the way of God shows the peak of human dignity.

One of the important issues of anthropology is recognizing human needs. The Holy Quran was revealed to guide man and pays special attention to his needs. Therefore, recognizing these needs from the perspective of the Quran is of particular importance. Using a descriptive-analytical method, and using a thematic interpretation approach, and emphasizing the views of Allameh Tabataba'i in the interpretation al-Mizan Commentary, this paper studies this issue. The findings show that human needs are derived from his existential dimensions. According to the Quran, man has two categories of material and spiritual needs; which eating, drinking, housing, clothing, marriage, sleep and security are among his most important material needs. In contrast to these needs, matters such as cognition, guidance, honor, guardianship, worship, popularity, respect, pattern, adornment, religion, and the assurance of the heart are among the spiritual needs of man.

Mankind today has erred in recognizing many anthropological issues, including the real needs of man and he has reduced it to animal matters, and this mistake has plunged him into the abyss of identity crisis and corruption. From the point of view of the Holy Quran, man has transcendental needs and his perfection depends on providing these needs. Using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on thematic interpretation, this paper studies the most basic human needs from the perspective of the Quran. According to this research, the most basic human needs are: the need for religion and its dimensions, (i.e., theology, recognition of divine messengers and Imams and resurrection), worshipping, dignity, virtue, as well as peace of mind, spiritual happiness and true love, which are made possible in the shadow of a good religious life. These needs are met in religion.

Al-Mizan Commentary is one of the commentaries that has dealt with the semantics of the contents of the Quran in numerous and extensive cases. Considering the evidences and verses, especially the context, Allameh Tabataba'i has tried to discover the meanings of Quranic words accurately. Using a descriptive-analytical and desk-research method this paper studies this issue. The findings show that the most important functions of context in discovering and determining the meaning of Quranic words can be found in cases such as, explaining the meaning of words, determining the conceptual range of words, preferring the meaning of a word among different possibilities, determining instances of words, expressing different meanings and semantic evolution of a word in different applications.

Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper presents the correct mental perceptions of God from the perspective of the Quran and hadiths to provide the ground for the manifestation of God in the actions and behavior of human beings in society. This article is a response to the article "Qualitative Investigation of the Causes of False Mental Imagination about God", which examines the views of female students in non-theological fields at Meybod University. The results show that teaching correct mental images about God will cause human love for God and provide the basis for his obedience towards God. Some correct perceptions of God are, purifying God from human attributes, when using metaphorical attributes and paying attention to the sublime and wide realm of meanings and examples in religious issues and etc.

The Sunni literalist school is one of the oldest currents of thought in the Islamic world, especially the Sunnis school of thought, which its dimensions and angles have been less studied and analyzed. Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper studies the origin and evolution of the Sunni literalist school in the interpretation of the Quran. The results show that the intellectual roots of this school in Sunni school as an influential current in understanding the Quran, date back to the post-Prophet and the Companions era, which, over the centuries, has continued to the present day in the form of various schools such as the Hanbalis, Salafis and Wahhabis. Talking about the apparent meanings of the Quran and Sunnah from the point of view of this school is heresy. Ignoring reason, this group takes an extreme view of Sunnah and believes that the Book and traditions are the criteria for measuring the validity of reason and there is no need for theological arguments and the method of theologians. This approach governs all the principles and ideas of the Sunni literalist school.