نشریه جامعه شناسی فرهنگ و هنر
سال دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

In the present study, the female audience of the Turkish TV series” İstanbullu Gelin”, reading about gender and its relations has been considered. Active audience, symbolic destruction and stereotyping have been the most important theories in the present study. The method of the present study is qualitative. For data gathering in-depth semi structured interview technique was used and purposive-theoretical sampling has been considered.One of the most important points that researchers have been paying attention to is the generational differences in the study of audience reading, and therefore the age range of 19 to 65 years have been studied. The sample size in the present study is determined based on theoretical saturation. In order to enrich the data as much as possible, 21 interviews with the best quality were selected and analyzed out of a total of 25 interviews.Thematic analysis has been used in the analysis of audience reading data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. According to the research results, the contrast between stereotyped and deconstructive readings of gender and gender relations was the core theme of the findings. The main themes of feminine consumerism, feminine erotic capital, the representation of traditional patterns and stereotypes have been themes representing stereotypical femininity. The democratization of gender relations and the violation of the norms of femininity were also the main themes of the representation of deconstructive femininity. Also, according to the results of the research there are significant differences in the reading of the audience and each audience has adopted an oppositional, negotiated and dominant view based on their tastes, interests, experiences and worldview. Also according to the findings, education and employment status have been the important components that affecting the type of audience perceptions and the age component did not play a decisive role and generational differences were not seen in the audience reading. In the present study, the female audience of the Turkish TV series” İstanbullu Gelin”, reading about gender and its relations has been considered. Active audience, symbolic destruction and stereotyping have been the most important theories in the present study. The method of the present study is qualitative. For data gathering in-depth semi structured interview technique was used and purposive-theoretical sampling has been considered.One of the most important points that researchers have been paying attention to is the generational differences in the study of audience reading, and therefore the age range of 19 to 65 years have been studied. The sample size in the present study is determined based on theoretical saturation. In order to enrich the data as much as possible, 21 interviews with the best quality were selected and analyzed out of a total of 25 interviews.Thematic analysis has been used in the analysis of audience reading data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. According to the research results, the contrast between stereotyped and deconstructive readings of gender and gender relations was the core theme of the findings. The main themes of feminine consumerism, feminine erotic capital, the representation of traditional patterns and stereotypes have been themes representing stereotypical femininity. The democratization of gender relations and the violation of the norms of femininity were also the main themes of the representation of deconstructive femininity. Also, according to the results of the research there are significant differences in the reading of the audience and each audience has adopted an oppositional, negotiated and dominant view based on their tastes, interests, experiences and worldview. Also according to the findings, education and employment status have been the important components that affecting the type of audience perceptions and the age component did not play a decisive role and generational differences were not seen in the audience reading. In the present study, the female audience of the Turkish TV series” İstanbullu Gelin”, reading about gender and its relations has been considered. Active audience, symbolic destruction and stereotyping have been the most important theories in the present study. The method of the present study is qualitative. For data gathering in-depth semi structured interview technique was used and purposive-theoretical sampling has been considered.One of the most important points that researchers have been paying attention to is the generational differences in the study of audience reading, and therefore the age range of 19 to 65 years have been studied. The sample size in the present study is determined based on theoretical saturation. In order to enrich the data as much as possible, 21 interviews with the best quality were selected and analyzed out of a total of 25 interviews.Thematic analysis has been used in the analysis of audience reading data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. According to the research results, the contrast between stereotyped and deconstructive readings of gender and gender relations was the core theme of the findings. The main themes of feminine consumerism, feminine erotic capital, the representation of traditional patterns and stereotypes have been themes representing stereotypical femininity. The democratization of gender relations and the violation of the norms of femininity were also the main themes of the representation of deconstructive femininity. Also, according to the results of the research there are significant differences in the reading of the audience and each audience has adopted an oppositional, negotiated and dominant view based on their tastes, interests, experiences and worldview. Also according to the findings, education and employment status have been the important components that affecting the type of audience perceptions and the age component did not play a decisive role and generational differences were not seen in the audience reading. In the present study, the female audience of the Turkish TV series” İstanbullu Gelin”, reading about gender and its relations has been considered. Active audience, symbolic destruction and stereotyping have been the most important theories in the present study. The method of the present study is qualitative. For data gathering in-depth semi structured interview technique was used and purposive-theoretical sampling has been considered.One of the most important points that researchers have been paying attention to is the generational differences in the study of audience reading, and therefore the age range of 19 to 65 years have been studied. The sample size in the present study is determined based on theoretical saturation. In order to enrich the data as much as possible, 21 interviews with the best quality were selected and analyzed out of a total of 25 interviews.Thematic analysis has been used in the analysis of audience reading data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. According to the research results, the contrast between stereotyped and deconstructive readings of gender and gender relations was the core theme of the findings. The main themes of feminine consumerism, feminine erotic capital, the representation of traditional patterns and stereotypes have been themes representing stereotypical femininity.

Abstract This research has been carried out to study the lived experience of young drug addicts in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan. In recent years, drug abuse has increased in the world, and developing countries, spending significant costs as a result of the damage caused by drug abuse. In Iraqi Kurdistan, which war and displacement, has affected social and political conditions in the region and geographically, it’s in neighboring countries such as Iran and Turkey, in recent years, we have seen the significant growth in the prevalence of drug abuse. Given these issues, and also that in Iraqi Kurdistan no research has been done in relation to drugs and young people, researcher decided to study the lived experience of young addicts in Sulaymaniyah. This is a descriptive and explanatory research, and conducted using qualitative methodology and phenomenological approach, and this means that addiction has been studied and understood as a social phenomenon. To collect data, interview technique was used, and 15 addicted young prisons were interviewed in rehabilitation of adults and Ma’askar Salam perison. To interpret and analyze data, qualitative content analysis has been used, and using coding interviews, repeated and same codes was deleted and data classification was done, and other codes that were close together, were achieved in comprehensive categories. Generally, six categories were derived from the coding, which includes dysfunctional family and relatives, displacement and migration, inappropriate economic situation, ignorance and negligence towards drugs and the lack of information and awareness from the Government, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol, and bad friends. According to interviewees, among groups of family, friends, colleagues, classmates, friends have more influence on their tendency to addiction and then, family with violence, neglect, parental smoking and alcohol addiction, has had a significant impact in this regard. The respondents' educational level was low, and only one has been educated, accordingly, the interviewees, expressed this as an important factor in the lack of awareness, ignorance and falling into the trap of addiction. Homelessness, and lack of common law for the purchase and sale and use of alcohol, has been much considered among interviewees. Keywords: Youth, Addiction, Drug addicts, Iraqi Kurdistan, Sulaimaniyah Abstract This research has been carried out to study the lived experience of young drug addicts in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan. In recent years, drug abuse has increased in the world, and developing countries, spending significant costs as a result of the damage caused by drug abuse. In Iraqi Kurdistan, which war and displacement, has affected social and political conditions in the region and geographically, it’s in neighboring countries such as Iran and Turkey, in recent years, we have seen the significant growth in the prevalence of drug abuse. Given these issues, and also that in Iraqi Kurdistan no research has been done in relation to drugs and young people, researcher decided to study the lived experience of young addicts in Sulaymaniyah. This is a descriptive and explanatory research, and conducted using qualitative methodology and phenomenological approach, and this means that addiction has been studied and understood as a social phenomenon. To collect data, interview technique was used, and 15 addicted young prisons were interviewed in rehabilitation of adults and Ma’askar Salam perison. To interpret and analyze data, qualitative content analysis has been used, and using coding interviews, repeated and same codes was deleted and data classification was done, and other codes that were close together, were achieved in comprehensive categories. Generally, six categories were derived from the coding, which includes dysfunctional family and relatives, displacement and migration, inappropriate economic situation, ignorance and negligence towards drugs and the lack of information and awareness from the Government, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol, and bad friends. According to interviewees, among groups of family, friends, colleagues, classmates, friends have more influence on their tendency to addiction and then, family with violence, neglect, parental smoking and alcohol addiction, has had a significant impact in this regard. The respondents' educational level was low, and only one has been educated, accordingly, the interviewees, expressed this as an important factor in the lack of awareness, ignorance and falling into the trap of addiction. Homelessness, and lack of common law for the purchase and sale and use of alcohol, has been much considered among interviewees. Keywords: Youth, Addiction, Drug addicts, Iraqi Kurdistan, Sulaimaniyah Abstract This research has been carried out to study the lived experience of young drug addicts in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan. In recent years, drug abuse has increased in the world, and developing countries, spending significant costs as a result of the damage caused by drug abuse. In Iraqi Kurdistan, which war and displacement, has affected social and political conditions in the region and geographically, it’s in neighboring countries such as Iran and Turkey, in recent years, we have seen the significant growth in the prevalence of drug abuse. Given these issues, and also that in Iraqi Kurdistan no research has been done in relation to drugs and young people, researcher decided to study the lived experience of young addicts in Sulaymaniyah. This is a descriptive and explanatory research, and conducted using qualitative methodology and phenomenological approach, and this means that addiction has been studied and understood as a social phenomenon. To collect data, interview technique was used, and 15 addicted young prisons were interviewed in rehabilitation of adults and Ma’askar Salam perison. To interpret and analyze data, qualitative content analysis has been used, and using coding interviews, repeated and same codes was deleted and data classification was done, and other codes that were close together, were achieved in comprehensive categories. Generally, six categories were derived from the coding, which includes dysfunctional family and relatives, displacement and migration, inappropriate economic situation, ignorance and negligence towards drugs and the lack of information and awareness from the Government, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol, and bad friends. According to interviewees, among groups of family, friends, colleagues, classmates, friends have more influence on their tendency to addiction and then, family with violence, neglect, parental smoking and alcohol addiction, has had a significant impact in this regard. The respondents' educational level was low, and only one has been educated, accordingly, the interviewees, expressed this as an important factor in the lack of awareness, ignorance and falling into the trap of addiction. Homelessness, and lack of common law for the purchase and sale and use of alcohol, has been much considered among interviewees. 

Leisure is an opportunity to restore physical, mental and psychological health and cultural and social empowerment. According to the problems of unemployment, marriage, and the socio-cultural structure that governs girls' daily lives in small towns, spending their leisure time is particularly important. The purpose of this study was to investigate leisure activities of unmarried girls in Gilan Gharb. The research method was quantitative in terms of survey implementation and a questionnaire with a sample of 315 unmarried girls aged 18-35 years was used to collect data. Girls' leisure activities were subdivided into six categories of actual communication, virtual communication, external passivity, home passivity, culture, and religion by exploratory factor analysis. Most of the girls' leisure activities were in the form of passive in-house leisure and virtual communication, the least of which was cultural leisure. Cultural, home-passive, and passive-leisure leisure activities were more closely related to economic and cultural capital, while religious leisure, real and virtual communication were more closely related to social capital. Overall, According to the low level of cultural and economic capital of girls in Gilan Gharb, social capital determines their type and amount of leisure activity, and the main (passive) leisure activities that result from social capital and cultural and social structure of society is not to promote cultural empowerment of girls. Therefore, policy makers and planners of leisure activities should pay attention to the context of leisure activities, how girls spend their leisure time and the consequences of such leisure activities.

Sherko Bikas was a famous poet that published more than forty books during fifty five years of his life in producing literary work. His poem is the story of social life and pain of being in the current society. One main topic in Sherko works is women. The goal of this study is the assessment of the representation of role of women in his poems. The theoretical base rooted in the representation theory. The method of study was qualitative content analysis. The sample is the whole complex of Sherko works (8 vol, 2009) as well as two main books called Sherko autobiography (2013) and 955 minute interview with Sherko (Heiny, 2014). The analysis shows that woman is a central theme and image in whole life of Sherko, and is represented as the symbol of mother, wife, and friend, and beauty, revolutionary, human and social progress. All these images of women in his works are positive.

One of the anomalies of the women's society is the prevalence of smoking culture, especialy in public settings. In recent years, the increase of the Hookah consumption, from European and American countries to other parts of the world, indicates that the problem has already become a global phenomenon. In Iran, too, statistics indicate that in the last twenty years The Hookah consumption has a dramatic increase, especially in age between adolescence and adolescence and Sexually between women and girls (compared with men), So that their hookah consumption has become a social phenomenon or behavior. youth's about thirty million population and the political, social and cultural role of young girls and women In the process of public developments, especially Upbringing future generation and the growing consumption of hookah in the family and in the community and lack of the research on the problem. The present study aims to sociologically investigate "Cultural Factors Affecting Hooka consumption among girls and young women referring to the North Tehran resorts". The study applies survey method. In this study, by using structural equation modeling, the theoretical model of factors affecting the tendency of girls and young women to hookah smoking, was tested among 120 samples referred to North Tehran resorts. The results show that the relationship between the two variables of "relative deprivation feeling" and "the process of Turning to hookah smoking" with the dependent variable of "a tendency to hookah smoking" is significant at% 90 level. In addition, the relationship between two variables of Two variables of "how to spend leisure time and Cultural consumption" and "attitudes towards hookah smoking" with the dependent variable, Tendency to hookah smoking, is significant at %95 level.

Divorce is one of the most important social and demographic problems in Iran, today. Divorce rate has dramatically been raised in two past decades. The present study aimed to investigate the status and trend of divorce changes in Fars province. For the above purpose, the census data and civil registration statistic during 2011-2019 were analyzed. Economic approach and second demographic transition were considered as theoretical framework. Findings showed that divorce ratio has remarkably increased during 2011-2019 period in Fars province. The majority of divorces occur between 4 to 10 years after get married. Aged 30-34 individuals have registered the most number of divorce in Fars province. Findings also indicated that there was a positive correlation between unemployment rate for men and divorce ratio, while the mentioned correlation coefficient was negative for women. There was a negative correlation between population ratio with university degree and divorce ratio. According to the results of this study, reducing the unemployment rate for men and holding training courses for couples who are on fifth year of their marriage may decrease the divorce ration. Divorce is one of the most important social and demographic problems in Iran, today. Divorce rate has dramatically been raised in two past decades. The present study aimed to investigate the status and trend of divorce changes in Fars province. For the above purpose, the census data and civil registration statistic during 2011-2019 were analyzed. Economic approach and second demographic transition were considered as theoretical framework. Findings showed that divorce ratio has remarkably increased during 2011-2019 period in Fars province. The majority of divorces occur between 4 to 10 years after get married. Aged 30-34 individuals have registered the most number of divorce in Fars province. Findings also indicated that there was a positive correlation between unemployment rate for men and divorce ratio, while the mentioned correlation coefficient was negative for women. There was a negative correlation between population ratio with university degree and divorce ratio. According to the results of this study, reducing the unemployment rate for men and holding training courses for couples who are on fifth year of their marriage may decrease the divorce ration. Divorce is one of the most important social and demographic problems in Iran, today. Divorce rate has dramatically been raised in two past decades. The present study aimed to investigate the status and trend of divorce changes in Fars province. For the above purpose, the census data and civil registration statistic during 2011-2019 were analyzed. Economic approach and second demographic transition were considered as theoretical framework. Findings showed that divorce ratio has remarkably increased during 2011-2019 period in Fars province. The majority of divorces occur between 4 to 10 years after get married. Aged 30-34 individuals have registered the most number of divorce in Fars province. Findings also indicated that there was a positive correlation between unemployment rate for men and divorce ratio, while the mentioned correlation coefficient was negative for women. There was a negative correlation between population ratio with university degree and divorce ratio. According to the results of this study, reducing the unemployment rate for men and holding training courses for couples who are on fifth year of their marriage may decrease the divorce ration. Divorce is one of the most important social and demographic problems in Iran, today. Divorce rate has dramatically been raised in two past decades. The present study aimed to investigate the status and trend of divorce changes in Fars province. For the above purpose, the census data and civil registration statistic during 2011-2019 were analyzed. Economic approach and second demographic transition were considered as theoretical framework. Findings showed that divorce ratio has remarkably increased during 2011-2019 period in Fars province. The majority of divorces occur between 4 to 10 years after get married. Aged 30-34 individuals have registered the most number of divorce in Fars province. Findings also indicated that there was a positive correlation between unemployment rate for men and divorce ratio, while the mentioned correlation coefficient was negative for women. There was a negative correlation between population ratio with university degree and divorce ratio. According to the results of this study, reducing the unemployment rate for men and holding training courses for couples who are on fifth year of their marriage may decrease the divorce ration. Divorce is one of the most important social and demographic problems in Iran, today. Divorce rate has dramatically been raised in two past decades. The present study aimed to investigate the status and trend of divorce changes in Fars province. For the above purpose, the census data and civil registration statistic during 2011-2019 were analyzed. Economic approach and second demographic transition were considered as theoretical framework. Findings showed that divorce ratio has remarkably increased during 2011-2019 period in Fars province. The majority of divorces occur between 4 to 10 years after get married. Aged 30-34 individuals have registered the most number of divorce in Fars province. Findings also indicated that there was a positive correlation between unemployment rate for men and divorce ratio, while the mentioned correlation coefficient was negative for women. There was a negative correlation between population ratio with university degree and divorce ratio. According to the results of this study, reducing the unemployment rate for men and holding training courses for couples who are on fifth year of their marriage may decrease the divorce ration. Divorce is one of the most important social and demographic problems in Iran, today. Divorce rate has dramatically been raised in two past decades. The present study aimed to investigate the status and trend of divorce changes in Fars province. For the above purpose, the census data and civil registration statistic during 2011-2019 were analyzed. Economic approach and second demographic transition were considered as theoretical framework. Findings showed that divorce ratio has remarkably increased during 2011-2019 period in Fars province. The majority of divorces occur between 4 to 10 years after get married. Aged 30-34 individuals have registered the most number of divorce in Fars province. Findings also indicated that there was a positive correlation between unemployment rate for men and divorce ratio, while the mentioned correlation coefficient was negative for women. There was a negative correlation between population ratio with university degree and divorce ratio. According to the results of this study, reducing the unemployment rate for men and holding training courses for couples who are on fifth year of their marriage may decrease the divorce ration.