نشریه مرمت و معماری ایران
پیاپی 22 (تابستان 1399)

The boundary of quarter is among the subjects that have been widely addressed in urban planning and urban design research. Clearly, several studies have examined the issue of “quarter boundaries in the historical fabric of Iranian cities”, but the literature review shows that there are still ambiguities in this regard. There are two contradictory answers to this issue: one group of studies has set clear boundaries for quarters in the historical fabric of Iranian cities, while the other ones consider the boundaries of quarters in these fabrics to be vague and believe that each quarter will reach another quarter gradually. The purpose of this article is identifying the boundary of quarter in these fabrics. In this regard, Ali Gholi Agha quarter in the historical fabric of Isfahan was chosen as a case study and the qualitative research method of conventional content analysis was used. The boundary of Ali Gholi Agha quarter was studied in three ways of historical boundary, quarter boundary based on door-to-door interviews, and subjective boundary drawn by the inhabitants. Among these three ways, the historical boundary discovered based on the historical structure of access and quarter elements, shows the hidden order in the structure and provides a new method to discover the objective boundary of the quarter in the historical fabrics of Iranian cities. Interestingly, the accuracy of the achievements of this method is confirmed by two other boundaries. Finally, it is concluded that there is an objective boundary in some parts of the quarter. This boundary is often in dead ends and darbands (passes through the entrance of the houses in historic fabrics). Also, in the other parts of the quarter where there is no clear boundary, the boundary can be determined based on this objective boundary.

In Islamic cities, mosques have a distinct place. The mosque has long been considered as an essential element of human society in many ways. This study aims to introduce some of the most successful attitudes of spatial communication in today’s mosque architecture scale by examining the architecture of traditional mosques. In space syntax approach, using the three indices of “connectivity”, “integration” and “depth”, the spatial characteristics of the samples are investigated; therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate and identify the spatial relationships in three traditional, contemporary and post-Islamic Revolution mosque architectures. The research methodology in the first part is descriptive-analytical and searching the related literature and in the second part via the pattern analysis and comparative comparison and the plan of four mosques in the three mentioned periods are analyzed, through the experimental method (space pattern analysis) in the software “Space Syntax”. The results show that central organization in the courtyard of Jameh Mosque of Isfahan with spatial communication pattern (space within one space)  is more in terms of communication compared to three mosques of Tehran University (complex/shared space between two spaces) and Shahrak-e Gharb (complex/overlapping space) and Al-Ghadir mosque (linear/adjacent Space) and compared with the placement of micro spaces in the organization of  Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, the connections in the courtyard is more than other spaces. Also, the interconnection of spaces in Jameh Mosque of Isfahan reflects the level of integration and availability. In terms of depth index in all four mosques, service spaces have the greatest depth and visibility compared to the main space of the mosque (courtyard/ entrance and dome). This quality is organized in the plan of all four mosques with different qualities.

Isfahan’s Julfa neighborhood has been one of the valuable historical neighborhoods related to the Safavid era. It is different from other neighborhoods of the city due to the residents’ cultural-religious differences. Interventions in historical contexts are taking place with a variety of approaches around the world. The present study was conducted to answer this question: What should the inter-productive structures in historical context of Isfahan’s Julfa neighborhood look like? After reviewing the types of interventions and considering the role of users in development types, the populist attitudes as the appropriate statergy was chosen and done through a questionnaire that tested the Julfa residents’ opinions. Regarding the discussion and need to interpret and analyze various categories related to buildings, qualitative method was used, and in the field of evaluating inter-productive structures in historical context, a questionnaire has been applied. The required information was gathered by using library and field survey methods. In compiling the questionnaire, images related to various contexts including Julfa were organized with various types of interventions through reporters’ test, and selected images and questions were distributed among 400 native habitants with at least 10 years of residence. The questions answered by 370 participants were analyzed by using SPSS software. By examining the correlation of variables of different types of inter-productive structures in historical context, it was found that Julfa residents agree more with the existence of significant relationship between texture-related aesthetic criteria and design approaches which are more protected and are in harmony with the existing context in designing new buildings. The findings indicate that the preference of Julfa residents over the approaches of complete conformity to complete contrast was from more to less, respectively.

Environmental quality and different aspects of interior architecture of shopping centers as an effective factor on shopping behaviors of people is of a great importance in creating social interactions. Considering the comprehensiveness of sustainable place model in delivering environmental qualities (functional, experimental-aesthetic and environmental) as well as objectives of the research, the present study examined the experimental-aesthetic quality in commercial centers. Today, with the advent of modernization and huge changes in the system of people’s lives, employing visual and aesthetic elements for emotional and conceptual receptions have been ignored in almost all commercial centers in Iran. The main concerns of this study to establish social interactions includes following the original concepts of traditional bazaars for recognizing and understanding the space and applying modern methods of interior design of prosperous commercial centers in different parts of the world. The main question of this study is that “What are the solutions of interior designs of commercial spaces by considering the experimental-aesthetic quality in traditional bazaars and successful commercial centers in order to have successful social interactions?” This study aimed to introduce the criteria and micro-components of experimental-aesthetic quality (form and body, mental conceptions, visual quality of place, public arena, and emotional quality and space arrangement) in order to increase social interactions and explain the interior design solutions in commercial centers. The method was analytical-descriptive and the concepts were extracted by content analysis and coding the collected data through MAXQDA12 Software. Then, among the designed solutions based on micro-components of experimental-aesthetic quality, a survey for reporters was designed and conducted in the form of a quastionnaire, and the results were evaluated by the SPSS software. Finally, among the evaluated design strategies, visual attractions were extracted through color and light reflection related to the visual quality of place and space design in such a way that it can be used by everyone and is related to the quality of the public arena that had the highest priority in the survey.

Paths located in ancient districts are flexible and lively places to understand man’s position in the environment and his/her connection with the past. Developing the sense of belonging to place in neighborhoods of the old texture of Yazd by people’s interaction with the paths can be effective in managing and reforming the affairs of neighborhoods, residential environment and organizing neighborhoods. This factor can create a strong and two-way relationship between the perceptual organization, order, and determining urban space, with the help of environmental perception factors. The purpose of this study is to better understand the urban elements and components, and percept the meaning of places and strengthen individual and social identity. The question of this research is determining the role of visual elements of Vaght O Saat path in Yazd in the amount of audience perception based on environmental perception factors. To answer this question, Vaght O Saat path in Yazd was selected, the research method in first part was field and descriptive-analytical using library resources and valid research, and in the second part, data and research variables were analyzed based on survey method with observation tool, questionnaire and interview. The views of passers-by in the field of identity perception of visual elements were collected through questionnaires with statistical volume taken from Cochran’s formula, and were analyzed in the form of SPSS software, during statistical tests. Different components in the environmental perception of Vaght O Saat’s path were considered, which included deep connection with the path, their awareness of the context and environment and background, and being from Yazd. And. On the other hand, the results of study show that visual elements such as archways, ribs and stonecarpet flooring of plinth and entrance of some distinguished public buildings, has a particular importance in reviewing visual elements of Vaght O Saat path in Yazd. In this regard, the registration of the pass that its protection and restoration can stabilize and intensify the role of path in the organization of residents’ perceptual system, is one of the strategies to preserve and revive this historical passage.

Childhood games are essential for the development of cognitive, psychological, and physical skills. Playgrounds are spaces that provide the required opportunity to develop the fundamental skills and needs of children, such as connections with nature, games, activities, and so forth. Therefore, the presence of children in these areas requires the provision of a safe and secure environment for them. Accordingly, this study aims at identifying factors affecting on the quality of children’s playground, evaluating the factors affecting the safety and security of children in playgrounds as one of the most important qualities of children’s play spaces, providing a design framework to enhance the safety and security of children in order to improve the quality of playgrounds. This study is practical in purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of research type. The exploratory factor analysis method has been used to achieve the research goal. In this project, the children’s play space in Koodak Park of Isfahan was investigated based on 35 effective indicators on children’s safety and security, and 300 of the parents of the kids playing in the park were questioned. According to the results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s tests, the sample size was approved for the research (KMO=0/746 & SIG=0/0001). The results of this research indicate that the factors affecting the safety and security of kids in the play area in Koodak Park are as follows: 1- Climatic tranquility in children’s  play spaces 2- The conditions of play space flooring 3- Children’s safety when using the play equipment and the green area embedded in it 4- The lighting of play spaces and the harmony with its vegetation 5- The distance from compatible applications and functions 6- The conditions of the presence of parents in the playground and its maintenance 7-The awareness of the conditions of the playground and its surrounding area among the users 8- The vulnerability of children regarding the play equipment and the vegetation 9-The possibility to monitor children and their activities in the playground 10- Different types of pollution in the play space and its vicinity. Finally, based on the findings and on the identification of the main weaknesses of this children’s playground, an effort has been made to make suggestions for addressing these issues so as to promote safety and security.