پژوهش نامه ی علوی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Today, the concept of silence has not only been raised at the level of the organization, but can be explored at a broad level such as society. The objective of this study was to extract a model of silence strategy based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balagha. This study is classified as a development research in terms of purpose, and is qualitative in terms of data collection, and has been done through a content analysis method and the analysis of the text of Nahj al-Balagha. In the present study, 253 code tailored to the topic were identified using MAXQDA software, which resulted in the production of 11 organizing themes and finally summarized into 3 general themes, and its conceptual grid model was formed. Based on the precious words of Imam Ali (as), the components of silence can be categorized according to the organizing themes into three general themes of defensive silence, obedient silence, and altruistic silence for collective interests.

The word “Tur” is mentioned at least ten times in the Quran and it reminds us of its sanctity, which makes the events that have taken place there important. But apart from the meaning of the verses and their importance, there are hadiths from the Infallibles (as) that equate the place of the “Tur Sinai” with “Ghari”, despite the fact that, given the fame of the place of Sinai in the opinions of geographers and commentators, and the books of historians, there remains almost no doubt that Sinai is not in Kufa. Now, considering this clarity in knowing the place of Sinai, the question is why in the hadiths of the Infallibles, Sinai is mentioned as the equivalent of the burial place of Imam Ali (as)? The purpose of raising this issue is to investigate the cause of such a strange event and to know its dimensions. Therefore, this article, adopting a citation analysis method, in addition to using the existing library documents, has also referred to geographical maps, satellite images, and archaeological documents. Through examining this issue, it is understood that equating “Ghari” with Sinai, in addition to making the high status of Imam Ali (as) more recognized by the Muslims, can also lead those Christians and Jews who unbiasedly seek knowledge and understanding to know the holy existence of this unique figure, and that means inter-religion peace and friendship.

The present study, adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, looks at the second chapter of the book “The Charismatic Community: Shi’ite Identity in Early Islam”, and criticizes the methodology of its author, Maria Dakake, in understanding the hadith of Ghadir. Her method of understanding has some strengths, including the effort to use reliable sources of the two sects in understanding the hadith of Ghadir, the attention given to the author of the book Al-Walaya, the emphasis on maintaining the integrity of the text of Ghadir hadith, the consideration of the role of social and religious requirements in quoting the narratives, and rational analysis in rejecting the meaning of love for Imam Ali (as). However, there are some weaknesses too, such as limiting the narrators of the hadith of Ghadir to civil people, lack of attention to the role of being executive in accepting the hadith, emphasis on the falsity of the hadiths containing the names of the Imams (as), and mistake in declaring the reason for issuing the hadith of Ghadir Khumm. The analysis of the drawbacks of Dakake’s method of understanding indicates her inaccurate understanding of the hadith of Ghadir, which is not unaffected by Sunni views disseminated in the scientific space of orientalists.

In the old narrative texts of the Sunni, a narrative has been reported based on which, in the last days of the Prophet’s life, Abbas Ibn Abdulmutallab asked Imam Ali (as) to go to the Prophet (saw) to ask about his successor; however, Imam Ali refused and stated that if we asked him, the Prophet himself would forbid us and the people would not grant us the caliphate either. Given the multiple quoting of this narration in the Sunni narrative sources and also its incompatibility with the imamate position of Imam Ali, the validation of this narrative seems necessary. The motivation to legitimize the Abbasid government, the alleged Prophet’s displeasure with Alavi caliphate, legitimizing the story of Saqifa and confirming the consensus, distorted quoting of the original narrative in the Sunni narrative sources according to Imami sources, and also its contradiction with the Quranic verses, along with numerous other pieces of evidence, are among the reasons that show this narrative must be fake.

Understanding the attitudes and conceptions of any person about himself or herself, which is known as "self-concept", is a fundamental and psychological structure in the lifestyle and has a profound impact on one's intellectual and social growth and development and on his or her education and training. In a way that the root of all human actions and behaviors traces back to his or her self-concept and the more intrinsic value and validity of the human being, the less influenced by external factors. On the contrary, many people are captured and imprisoned in their negative perceptions. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the sermons, letters, and aphorism of Nahj ul-Balagha with a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on the strategy of "Data Theory" to gain Imam Ali’s self-conception in relation to others. One can find, from what is gathered from his remarks in Nahj ul-Balagha on this topic, a good criterion to validate the accuracy of the claims of opponents and supporters who exaggerate. This helps us to be creative, efficient and self-actualized and be aware of our intrinsic nature and personality by introducing the unknown aspects of his personality to adhere his way and method, and by describing him as a person who presented the most successful and most effective educational method.

The present article is entitled "Recognizing the economic thought of Imam Ali (as) in consumption" with the aim of discovering and describing the economic life of the Imam in the field of consumption. To achieve this goal, the method of documentary and library study in historical and narrative sources has een usedAccording to the findings, it can be said that the thought of Amir al-Mu'minin in the field of consumption is based on religious principles and the Prophetic tradition and tradition and in many cases does not support the theories of microeconomics.Although consumption in the Imam's mind is inherently desirable and he has approved proper and adequate consumption, nevertheless, in allocating income for personal expenses, he has limited himself to the minimum expenses and allocated the largest share of his income to social expenses. They have given, while not only in the allocation of income, but also in order to increase the material utility, and the spiritual and ultimate utility was the most important aspect of the Imam's efforts.

Imam Ali (a.s) is one of the influential personalities of the Islamic world who played a very important role in the formation of Islam and the Islamic government. An examination of his personality and Seerah can indicate his role in the vital period of Islam. This article examines the Seerah of Imam Ali (a.s) emphasising on the time of the Prophet (s.a.w) in Sahih Bukhari and Muslim, with a narrative-historical approach. After a critical analysis of the narrative-historical documents of Sahih Bukhari and Muslim, It has been concluded that these two Sunni narrators, compared to other Sunni narrators and historians, have quoted the Seerah of Imam Ali's (a.s) less than others and have tried to show his Seerah as incomplete and distorted. They have not narrated some of the important events of his biography, and what they have quoted not only is not different from other companions of holy prophet (s.a.w) but also in some cases, is even more incomplete and distorted

One of the important issues in many Muslim countries is to achieve a model of development and progress in accordance with the religious and cultural presuppositions of those countries. Since Islam has a different view of human and his wishes, it has provided comprehensive guidelines on many issues for the growth and development of humanity. Accordingly, the sayings and teachings of the infallible Imams (as) are the origin and stimulus of many of the thought structures suggesting the reform of economic systems. The present study, adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to identify and explain the components of economic development and progress in the tradition of the Imams (as). The study is an applied one in terms of purpose, and the method is descriptive and of survey type in terms of data collection. In this study, first, through a content analysis, the components of economic development and progress were identified in light of the guidelines of the Imams (as) as taken from the book Mafatih al-Hayat; then, the primary codes were analyzed and reviewed several times using the MAXQDA software, and 131 components were identified. The fuzzy Delphi technique was then used to test the results. Finally, 13 basic themes of economic development and progress were identified form the data set.

The text of Imam Ali’s (as) sermons in the face of the opponents, in addition to the aesthetic dimension of its language structure, includes important epistemological and paratextual dimensions in its underlying layer. In this research, a combination of two methods, qualitative content analysis and Halliday coherence theory, has been used to study the text and the content of Imam Ali’s (as) jihadi sermons and determine the hidden layers of behavioral and natural aspects of the army of truth and falsehood. Accordingly, the function of the elements of lexical coherence in expressing the actions of the Companions of Jamal is more focused on themes such as doubt, treachery, and greed, and Imam’s (as) reaction to them can be summed up in certainty, patience, composure and trust in God. Also, during the Battle of Siffin, the cohering elements of words are related to the nature of the enemy, i.e. their inner disbelief, seduction, and militancy. These concepts are highlighted in contrast to the theistic, guiding and pacifist personality aspects of Imam Ali (as). Each of these themes has been emphasized in the form of different words and expressions through the lexical elements of consonance or recurrence, especially through synonymy and repetition.

The present study, with the purpose of revealing Imam Ali’s tactfulness in dealing with security crises, aims to answer this question: “What is Imam Ali’s model of confrontation with security crises according to the text of Nahj al-Balagha?” To find the answer to this question, data were first gathered from the text of Nahj al-Balagha using a library research method. Then, through a grounded theory research method and applying different stages of coding, 44 categories were obtained. The categories were then linked around a central category and eventually formed into a model. The findings of this study show that Imam Ali considers factors such as damage to morality, religion and economy, inefficiency, corruption, suspicions, weakening the popular base of the government, and the enemies’ efforts as the causes of security crises; and that to control such crises, the government should adopt strategies that rely on religion to reform the government and society. The behavior of the agents should be controlled and the political system under a unified leadership should strive to create lasting peace and maintain integrity and efficiency. At the same time, the system should commit itself to accountability and transparency with people, and, through the proper doing of duties and meritocracy, should pay attention to the growth and development, and the attainment of public consent. Also, while educating and warning the people, it should inform the society with continuous enlightenment so that they will be prepared to face the crisis. If the crisis leads to a confrontation, the system should act step by step, and eventually punish the enemies and traitors. In all these cases, the government is obliged to put morality and religion as the basis of its actions.

Since anything that conveys a message to another can serve as a medium; Therefore, "Nahj al-Balaghah" also has the status of a "media" and has this ability; To send the concepts that Imam Ali (as) had in mind to the audience with his functions and to take an important step in the field of religious culture. In this research, media literacy in the words of Amir al-Momenin (AS) has been studied by interpretive-analytical method. And among the dimensions of media literacy (ie emotional, cognitive, aesthetic and moral dimension), the moral dimension of media literacy in peace and tolerance of Imam Ali (AS) has been studied. The findings indicate that Imam Ali (AS) as a religious leader in this book, has made instructive speeches about peace and tolerance that have a very clear path, in harmony with pure rationality, conscience and divine worldview. The main question of the present article is what are the themes and components related to media literacy, from a moral point of view and from the perspective of peace and tolerance in the text of Nahjul Balagha? These remarks show that the components of media literacy in Nahj al-Balaghah include: critical thinking, questioning, strategic doubt, spreading the culture of research, lack of superficiality, attention to social responsibility, moral literacy and attention to human dignity, media ethics and criticism. Acceptance in the belief of the Imam of Shiite Muslims is a good and fruitful thing.

Given the importance of the issue of divine science in theoretical mysticism and in religious texts, comparative comparisons of these types of texts help each other to better understand the mystical texts. In the midst of religious texts, Nahj al-Balaghah has a certain degree of monotheism in terms of monotheism, and on the other hand, among the philosophy of Sufism; Gulshan is the secret of a period of theoretical mysticism based on Ibn Arabi's intellectual foundations. The commonality and distinction between these two texts can be seen in the light of the fact that by adopting these aspects of sharing and distinction, both in a better understanding of the secretary's glance, another step is taken, as well as other aspects of the elements of the thought of the Prophet Muhammad Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah are revealed to the researcher. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical approach to a comparative study of the subject of divine knowledge in two books of Nahj-ol-Balaghah and Gulshan-e-Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari. According to the scientific approach of this article, while Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah and Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari In Golshan Raza, they believe in the being of God. However, Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah more expresses the quality of the divine knowledge of God in terms of Quranic verses, but the contents of Gulshan Secrets on Divine Science based on the belief in unity The existence and the true ones are the basis of Ibn Arabi's thoughts.