نشریه مطالعات توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقه ای
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1399)

Today, the challenges of modern urban life and environmental and social problems have led to a futuristic approach to urban planning and the use of various tools to build a desirable future. The present study uses the technique of cross-impact analysis, which is one of the common methods in futures research, and using Mick Mac software, has analyzed the components of urban development in the metropolis of Ahvaz. Then, 37 components were extracted as indicators of urban development using the Delphi method. The results indicate that six categories (influential factors, risk factors, purpose, influential factors, and independent factors, regulators) can be identified in the scatter page. Finally, among the 37 key factors, after examining the impact of these factors on each other and the future situation of the metropolis of Ahvaz by direct and indirect methods, 13 effective and key drivers were identified, including; (Population, equitable distribution of urban services, development of tourism industry, organization of special tourism axes, organization of suburban areas, control of air pollution and promotion of environmental health, expansion of public open space and creation of leisure centers, providing the appropriate level of economic growth, improving quality of life in dilapidated urban fabric, organization, and improvement of worn-out fabric, expansion of small and high-yield workshops, empowerment of non-governmental organizations, development of recreation and tourism centers) which have the most role in the future state of urban development in Ahvaz, were selected as factors and drivers Affecting the urban development of Ahvaz. The results further show that the factors of "development of the tourism industry, organizing the suburbs" are at risk. Population factors, fair distribution of urban services, development of the tourism industry, will have the greatest impact on the urban development process of Ahvaz metropolis.

The developments of recent decades have caused the new facilities of today's cities to be unable to provide peace and security to citizens as in the past. This issue has become a social anomaly and along with it, criminal behaviors have occurred in the world's urban housing system. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on residents' sense of satisfaction with the social security of Gorgan settlements. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its statistical population is households living in residential complexes in Gorgan and the sample size is 200 households. The required information has been used through documentary studies and field surveys using a questionnaire. SPSS statistical software and Pearson correlation and one-sample t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results show that there is a direct and positive relationship between the feeling of satisfaction of the residents of residential complexes with the appropriate lighting components of the environment and the physical texture of the building. Lighting of passages and passages around the building and where people live at night creates peace and a sense of security in the movement of children and women. It also reduces stress and anxiety in people when walking on foot at night. Housing aristocracy is another component that is directly related to creating a sense of security among residents. Other effective components in creating a sense of security among urban dwellers include the occurrence of crime in the place of residence, neighborhood relations and environmental variables.

The process of urban development is like a fuzzy process; Therefore, fuzzy segmentation and urban space monitoring using HR-PRS panchromatic images is one of the best tools in urban management and planning. In this study, panchromatic images of GeoEye-1 sensor related in the urban area of Qeshm has been used for analyzing the application of operation of the methods of fuzzy segmentation and clustering. Thus, for analyzing the operation of algorithms of FWS, MSA, IDF and CFM and using MATLAB software, 6 qualitative criteria has been described in three spatial categories, radiometric and spatial-radiometric. Using these methods and based on fuzzy characteristics, the input images have been fused and then, with application of fuzzy clustering method, and fusion output, which has a fuzzy nature, Thus, this article appears to study the segmentation of urban area. The result of the research confirms the efficiency of the suggested segmentation methods in terms of recognition of phenomena and man-made and spatial effects and exact exploitation of the information of satellite images. The method of FWS discloses the best performance in terms of segmentation of urban areas. Therefore, according to the research results, the use of clustering algorithms and fuzzy features is a suitable and optimal method for integrating HR-PRS satellite image information from urban area with the aim of segmentation.

Recognition of spatial inequality and regional imbalances in the context of different geographical areas and policy-making to eliminate and reduce item is one of the most important categories of regional planning. The dimensions of spatial inequality in various economic, social, medical, and other fields are debatable. Therefore, achieving comprehensive progress and development in the future requires recognizing the position of regions and areas in different dimensions. In this regard, the present study has been conducted to measure the spatial inequality of the metropolitan area of Ahvaz in terms of possessing a combination of development indicators. According to the studied components, the article approach of this study is "descriptive-analytical". This study tries to determine rating and measuring of inequalities amone the regions of Ahvaz city using 54 variables and applying the ELECTRE model. The results of this study show that the distribution of development is unbalanced and there are inequality and gap between regions in terms of development, and this inequality appears to be in different sectors of social, economic, service, health, and physical. According to the results of the electrical technique, region 2 is at the level of enjoyment, region 1 and 3 are at the level of semi-enjoyment, region 4 is at the level of low enjoyment, and regions 6, 7, and 8 are in the category of deprived or lack of enjoyment; Therefore, to reduce the level of development inequalities in Ahvaz؛based on the research findings, it is suggested that the distribution of development indicators Should be directed towards balanced growth.

Development paths in any society are more the result of choices and decisions that are made as a result of policy-making practices. In recent decades, rapid urban changes and the resulting crises have drawn attention to the field of urban policy. On the other hand, the unequal forms and distribution of resources and opportunities to the detriment of most individuals and social groups living in cities have led the critical theorists represent the demands of the citizens based on the concept of ‘right to city” against policy makers and decision makers of the city issues. To city policymakers and decision makers. The purpose of this article is to understand the concept of the right to the city in the field of policy and planning of urban issues and transfer it to urban experts and try to implement this idea in the field of urban policy and planning. In the present article, an attempt has been made to recognize and analyze the relationship between the two concepts of the right to the city and urban policy, using the theoretical framework presented by Lefebvre on the concept of the right to the city and the researchers' approach to urban policy. The research is descriptive-analytical based on qualitative method. Methods of data collection include selection of documents, thematic analysis of the views of experts and thinkers on the selected topic. According to the findings of the present study, urban policy-making is the most important area for bargaining about the ways of distributing benefits and opportunities in cities by urban stakeholders, which is the reason why  is why the need for citizens to be present in decision-making and Urban policymaking layers. The neglect of institutional mechanisms, capacity building, transparency, accountability, the use of participatory budgeting and participatory planning, has made democratic decision-making difficult and relatively impossible for as the most serious stakeholder’s citizens in urban life. Strengthening civic and social institutions and creating mechanisms for monitoring and citizen participation in the decision-making process regarding the selection and implementation of metropolitan projects, along with the use of participatory budgeting in how the city invests capital, are among the items that: In that can practically lead to practice, it can lead to the realization of the right to the city in the administration of cities.

Today discussion of space inequalities in cities and the need for the establishment of social justice in the enjoyment of all the citizens for of public services has turned into the serious debates noteworthy for to planners and city administrators. The aim this article is an analysis of the position of the urban areas in Mahabad city in terms of the components of urban services with emphasis on special justice. The research method, with due attention to purpose is functional and in terms of nature is descriptive-analytical approach. The criteria of the study include eleven components of urban public services that the required information is collected from the comprehensive and detailed plan of Mahabad in 2016. For data analysis, the GIS and Excel software were used. Indexes were weighted using Entropy method and were ranked by using VIKOR technique and for examining the land use distribution pattern of urban services; the technique of closet neighborhood was used. Checking the results of the amount of Mahabad-zones enjoyment of possibilities and urban services indicates that area 2 with the privilege of 0/589 and 0/867 have placed at the rankings of areas 7 and 8. As well, investigating the pattern of the land use distribution of urban services at the levels of zones show that most of the land uses have distributed on the basis of cluster model and do not follow a regular pattern. In the end, some solutions have been represented to achieve the space justice.