مجله پژوهشهای جانوری (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و سوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1399)

The present study was carried out with the purpose of biological monitoring and self-purification of the Kharrood-Disam river and the impact of time on this river with the help of the macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrate samples were taken using Surber’s sampler with 3 replicates in each sampling. In the first period of sampling 5 orders and 14 families, and in the second period of sampling, 5 orders and 9 families were identified.The mean EPT richness in the first sampling period was 61.42, which was categorized in "high quality" and in the second sampling period was 12.64, which was categoried in "relatively good quality".The results of the Halnesinoff biological index showed that during the first period of sampling the river had a relatively good condition (HFBI=5.22) and the best conditions were observed at the third station of the fall season (HFBI=3/14). Also, the status of this indicator during the second period of sampling has a good trend and is in excellent condition at most stations(HFBI=1/45). The results of determining the correlation of each of the environmental factors with macrobenthos and environmental factors with each other by the (PCA) in the CANOCO for Win5.0 software revealed parameters such as pH and BOD in the spring and parameters such as temperature and EC in the season Summer was the most important variables. The results of the combination of biological indicators in the River showed that during the 20 years the river has been able to self-purification pollutants such as rainbow trout farm waste.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various ratios of dietary poly unsaturated fatty acids over mono unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA (C18) / MUFA) on growth indices and fatty acids profile of rainbow trout larvae at the onset of exogenous feeding. Four different diets contain various levels of PUFA (C18) / MUFA including 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 percent and at fixed level of highly unsaturated fatty acid) equaled to 6.5 percent were prepared. The larval density in each rearing tank was 100 fish and the experiment lasted for six weeks. At the end of the experiment, 30 fish were randomly collected from each treatment to evaluate the growth indices, biochemical and fatty acid composition of carcasses. Results showed that with increase in PUFA (C18) / MUFA levels from 0.5 to 1 and 2 percent the growth parameters decreased (P

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on mice liver following silver nanoparticles toxicity.

24 adult male NMRI mice were divided into 4 groups: control, SNP (500mg/kg/day, gavage), NSO (5ml/kg/day, gavage) and finally SNP plus NSO and treated for 35 days. Histological assessment of liver were performed using stereological methods. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured.

A significant decrease in the mean relative weight of liver, the total volume of the central veins, the total volume of the connective tissue, arteries and veins in the portal tracts and a significant increase in the total volume of sinusoids, bile ductules, the hepatocytes cell volume and serum levels of MDA and ALT and AST enzymes were observed in the silver nanoparticles group compared with the control group. The major of silver nanoparticles-induced Liver damages improved in the silver nanoparticles + Nigella sativa oil group to the control ones.

The results of this study suggest that Nigella sativa oil can protect the liver from silver nanoparticles damage.

The hippocampus is one of the main areas involved in the learning and acquisition of spatial memory. Opioid drugs such as morphine cause spatial memory impairment. Jujube fruit extract with antioxidant properties reduces oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of jujube fruit extract on morphine-induced spatial memory impairment and enzyme assay in hippocampus of rats. In this experimental study, Forty two male rats were classified randomly into six groups of seven. The control group (saline and gavage), Morphine group: (0.5 mg / kg morphine ip), Group 3 and 4; (100 and 200 mg/kg extract + saline), Groups 5 and 6 (100 and 200 mg/kg extract + 0.5 mg/kg morphine) received extract as gavage and morphine intraperitoneally for 30 days. Space memory was evaluated by elevated plus maze test. After separation and hippocampus tissue homogenates, acetylcholinesterase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were measured. The time latency in morphine-treated group was higher than control. The extract group of 200 plus morphine showed a significant decrease in time latency on days 15 and 16 (P

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in both men and women and it is growing worldwide. Previous studies have shown that using Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) can be a promising agent in cancer treatment, because of their unique properties. The purpose of current study is to investigate the effect of ZnO-NP on oxidative stress in A549 human non-small lung cancer cells. A549 cells with were treated with different concentrations of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. MTT assay and Trypan blue staining were performed to measure IC50 concentration and cell viability on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Also, to investigate the apoptotic effects of IC50 concentration of these nanoparticles, Giemsa and AO/EB staining methods and anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase activity measurements were used. The results showed that ZnO-NP reduced the A549 cells viabilities in a dose and time dependent manner, and the obtained IC50 concentration was 5mg/mL. The results of stainings indicated an increase in percentage of apoptotic cells in treatment groups. Furthermore, enzyme measurement results showed that the activity of both enzymes in treatment groups was significantly increased in comparison to the control group. The results of this study demonstrated that ZnO-NP have the ability to induce cell death in lung cancer cells and we hope that with organizing this nanoparticle as a new medical compound, it will be used in cancer treatment.

Meiosis is one of the main phenomena in the life cycle of insect, which causes creation of haploid gametes, and normal happening of this division is the basic condition to survive the generation of a species. In this study, the chromosomal complex of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in both spermatocytes and and oocytes on prophase stage was evaluated by using squash method and contrast phase microscope. The population was a stored population (more than 30 generations) in the biosystematics lab of the University of Tehran, Karaj. In both sex, the pachytene nucleus had a chromosomal complex of 30 bivalent (2n= 60). The results showed that the behavior of chromosomes in the observed cells was normal. The population showed a normal meiosis and it seems that spermatids were fertile. In other words, in the individuals of the population, the formation of bivalent which go toward polar during anaphase, occurred normally.

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the major pests of potatoes in most countries, including Iran. In this research, contact and fumigation toxicity, repellency and ovicidal activities of resin essential oil of Pistacia atlantica were investigated on first and fifth instar larvae and potato tuber moth eggs under laboratory conditions The results showed that fumigant toxicity (LC50) on the larvae of the first and five instar were, respectively 0.061 and 0.115 μl per liter of air after 48 hours. In addition, the LC50 obtained from the contact toxicity study of the resin essential oil on the first and fifth instar larvae of potato tuber moth after 48 hours was 0.051 and 0.051 microliters per square centimeter respectively. Further on, ovicidal toxicity (LC50) of the resin essential oil was obtained 0.47 μl / cm2 after 4 days. The results of the repellency test showed the repellent effect of the resin essential oil in the first larvae was more than the instar of five, and its effect decreased with increasing time..