فصلنامه تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 48 (زمستان 1399)

From the point of view of investment, low profit quality is not desirable because it will lead to an inappropriate allocation of capital. Users will pay attention to the outcomes of the accounting system, including reported earnings, to measure economic growth. When value issues are raised, the criteria for assessing performance and quality must be evaluated. The present study seeks to study the difference between the economic value added information content and its components, based on the Biddle et al. (1997) and Weset and Worthington (2000) models. On the other hand, with the help of the modified Jones model, the quality of accruals was measured. Combined data (172) company-years (2009 to 2018) were used. The hypotheses were analyzed by regression and t, F test. According to the findings, the information content of the economic value added component of the economic value added is more aggregate. The results of the parent test indicate a significant difference between the content of the economic value added components. Adding the quality of profit to the model leads to a change in the information content of the models. The quality of profit is related to the relationship between economic value added and stock returns, and this interactive effect has also been observed in the level of economic value added components.

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting quality of audit reports issued by IACPA audit firm members. The study's sample consists of 192 IACPA audit firm members and covers 2013-2017 period. In this study, seven postulates are examined and relationships between number of partners, number of professional staff, number of CPA employees, number of contracts, annual income, age of the firm and disciplinary sanctions and the quality of audit reports were studied. Results of examination of postulates showed positive and meaningful relationship  between audit quality variables including number of partners, number of professional staff, number of CPA employees, number of contracts, age of the firm and disciplinary sanctions, and a negative meaningful relationship between annual income variable and the quality of audit reports exist.

The aim of this study is to examine financial reporting quality on relation with managerial ability and future stock price crash risk. Statistical population of the study consists of 109 companies attended in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2008 and 2014. Managerial ability measure is part of corporate efficiency that is not affected by intrinsic factors of company. A model proposed by Demerjian et al. (2012, 2013) was applied for calculation and analysis of managerial ability data. Moreover, accruals quality intended in this study (as an index of financial reporting quality) for each company-year was measured using accounting data for a five year period and application of rolling regression. To achieve study objectives, two hypotheses were developed and tested by multivariate logistic regression and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results of testing first hypothesis indicted that managerial ability has a significant positive effect on future stock price crash risk. This is consistent with this presumption that by hoarding bad news, managers with agency stimulus may create information barrier, price bubble and eventually stock price crash. The results of testing second hypothesis indicated that quality of financial reporting has a significant negative effect on relation with managerial ability and future stock price crash risk.  Thus it may be concluded that quality of financial reporting may reduce negative effects of managerial ability on risk of stock price crash.

The liquidity of a firm can be defined as the access to cash in times of need. Companies that are faced with a deficit or surplus cash, both will face many potential problems. Therefore, in this study, the optimal cash have been identified and then adjusting the cash speed companies to optimize cash was tested. Then, the speed of adjustment with regard to the Company's financial leverage was investigated. For this purpose, financial information for 2011 to 2016, 120 companies have been studied. The results show that, companies below optimal cash, compared to above optimal cash, Move more rapidly toward the optimal cash. In addition, the result show that When leverage in the model used, the speed of adjusting optimal cash for below, is much higher than that of above optimal cash companies.

This study investigated the relationship between equity ownership groups and the amount of investment in the company. In order to examine the equity ownership groups of five categories: governmental ownership, institutional with short-term vision horizons, institutional with long-term vision, managerial, and minority. The statistical population of this research includes all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and a statistical sample of 120 companies in the period 2012-2017 using R software was examined. Research results showed that the concentration of governmental ownership would reduce the amount of investment in the company. Also, study showed that there is a positive, meaningful but weak relationship between institutional ownership and short-term vision horizons. On the other hand, other research findings suggest that there is a stronger relationship between institutional ownership with a long-term vision horizons and investment rate than institutional ownership with a short-term vision horizon. Finally, research findings indicate that managerial ownership and minority have no meaningful relationship with the amount of investment. Based on these results, it can be said that management shareholders do not properly play their supervisory role in corporate governance, and the ownership structure can be effective on the ability of managers to pursue their personal interests and the company's investment and value.

One of the factors lead to stock price crash is managers’ activities to conceal bad news and negative performance inside of the company. One of the cases that can prevent opportunistic behavior of managers is maturity of debt. Debtmaturity will cause that creditors in order to renew the contract called for more information about the firm's position and this situation prevents the accumulation of  bad newsby managers and ultimately prevented a sharp fall in stock prices. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of  Debt Maturity on the future stock price crash risk by Considering Corporate Governance.. Time domain of  this research is from 2010 to 2014, but the information and data needed for the period from 2007 to 2015 have been collected. In order to test the hypothesis, multivariate linear regression model and panel data have been used. The results of this study showed a significant inverse relationship between the debt maturity and future Stock Price Crash Risk. In other words, with shorter debt maturity the stock price crash risk is also can reduced but the strong Corporate Governance can castrate it.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of audit committee chair on the relationship between latency in financial reporting and value communication. When reporting delays occur, investors are reacting negatively. On the other hand, the expertise of the head of the audit committee, through improving the quality of financial reporting, can have an impact on value communication and also reduce the delay in financial reporting. This research is of a causal nature, then an event and an applied one. For this research, a sample of 156 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2012 to 2016 was selected. Based on combined data analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis, the findings showed that the delay in reporting led to a reduction in value communication. The expertise of the head of the audit committee is positively affected by value communication, but the expertise of the head of the audit committee does not affect the relationship between the delay in financial reporting and value communication.

Today, the source of power is the correct flow of information. By using technology in providing information, it has given power to those who have access to information sooner. Information technology is a tool to facilitate, control and monitor. There is now a growing need for systems that work on data analysis and report on real data. Systems that perform complex data analysis are called business intelligence. Business intelligence systems extract the hidden meanings of the data stored in the database and use them to make the right decisions. In fact, interpreting data and using it to make business decisions and convert data into interpretable form is called business intelligence. In this article, the problems of preparing quality financial reports are classified into 3 categories, which include: a- Problems due to the simultaneous implementation of accounting principles b) Problems due to the implementation of accounting restrictions c) Problems due to measurement in accounting. The purpose of this study is the effect of using business intelligence in providing quality financial information for timely and appropriate decision making. To measure the impact of business intelligence on the quality of financial information, interviews and questionnaires were collected from the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants. Then, the collected information was evaluated through structural equations. The results of the research indicate a significant relationship between business intelligence and information quality.

The present study examines the impact of Concentration on Customer on earnings management in terms of the presence of major customers in the company. Suppliers with major customers will need to hold higher cash inflows because of the high risk of losing major customers. Companies can increase their cash flows through various instruments such as debt issuance and external financing, non-payment of dividends, and manipulation of earnings items. The results obtained in this study confirm these statements. In the context of the empirical test, 140 of the selected companies were screened using the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2011 to 2016. To test the hypothesis of the research, has been used multiple regression model using combination data. The results supported of the negative impact of Concentration on Customer on accruals earnings management. Also, the results showed that Concentration on Customer on real earnings management had a negative effect. The present research can lead to a more accurate understanding of the role of the major customers of the company in earnings management and show how Concentration on major Customer affects corporate earnings management.

In parallel with the emergence of the logic of service dominance, the marketing paradigm has changed and a new approach to customer engagement in value creation has emerged, called "value co-creation." Due to the nature of purchasing in B2B markets focusing on relational interactions rather than price competition, customers are more loyal to the brand and have higher satisfaction, which leads to improved brand and firm performance. Given the importance and place of value co-creation in the business-to-business marketing, the purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting brand performance by emphasizing on value co-creation. In this regard, the research has been done with a mixed approach. In the qualitative section, a conceptual model has been designed with the opinion of 15 experts in the field of marketing through an open questionnaire. In the quantitative step, through a statistical sample of 343 employees and top managers of companies, the designed model with the OLS approach has been tested. The results show that the value co-creation along with brand orientation is an important mechanism that can led to the better performance and success of the brand. Also, examining the co-creation of value as a mediating variable, the results show that brand orientation not only improves brand performance through its effect on value proliferation, but these two variables as two separate variables affect brand performance.

The key role of entrepreneurship and knowledge-based firms in the process of economic growth and sustainable development of countries is clear. The main purpose of this study is to design a model of technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in knowledge-based firms (Case study: Information and Communication Technology). The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research consists of the founders or owners of knowledge-based firms located in Qazvin and Tehran Science and Technology Parks, and the sampling was done purposefully and continued until the researcher's theoretical saturation was reached. Therefore, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 theoretical (academic) and experimental (practical) experts in this field in a semi-structured manner. In this research, to realize the validity of the research tool, two question writing tools, correcting the questions by experts and finally reviewing the questions by conducting two preliminary interviews have been used. Findings show that organizational components, opportunity recognition, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship development and transfer, technological entrepreneurship, environmental and managerial components have the most important role by experts with a reliability coefficient of 61%. The results show that universities and other advanced educational institutions are an important source of new knowledge in both technical and entrepreneurial dimensions and play an important role in creating knowledge-based firms.