نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 33 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the economic and jurisprudential nature of barrier Option. Options are a type of derivative instrument in the financial markets that gives a person the right to buy or sell an asset without obligation. This tool is used along with other types of derivative tools to cover risk and speculation. Two kindes of barrier option are the Knock-In and Knock-out Barrier Options and includes the agreement under which either the buyer or the seller may activate or deactivate their right to buy or sell under the terms agreed upon by the parties. This research answers the question of whether such a contract is legitimate from a jurisprudential point of view. While examining the economic nature of this type of authority, using the traditional ijtihad method in the jurisprudential analysis of Islamic financial instruments, the nature of the barriers option has been examined through various contracts such as sale of rights, peace, initial condition and other types of contracts. The results indicate that the Knock-In barrier option is valid through the sale of the right due to the right it gives to the buyer to activate his right to purchase in the conditions agreed upon by the parties, but the Knock-out barrier option is not valid because it contains a condition contrary to the initial contrct, and needs to be amended through a peace treaty or a initial condition.

The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of financial attitude and financial knowledge on financial capacity of individuals considering the role of financial self-efficiency among Mellat customers in Tehran. The purpose of this research is in applied research and is descriptive-survey based on the method of data collection. The study population in this research includes clients of Mellat Bankchr('39')s branches in the north and south, east, west and center of Tehran. Sampling method used in this research is random sampling. With regard to the unlimited statistical society, the Cochran formula (sampling of unlimited society) is used to estimate sample size. With a confidence level of 95% and an error rate of 5%, the required volume is 384. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart-PLS software. Using the structural equation modeling, the research hypotheses were studied. The results of the research showed that financial literacy and financial attitude of individuals have a positive effect on financial self-efficacy of individuals and financial self-efficacy and financial attitude have a positive effect on peoplechr('39')s financial capacity.

Behavior means the way, method, policy, etc. in all parts of human life, as a representation of spirits, the theme and, in his words, his attitude and thought, which finds an external manifestation, which in the Islamic view is the origin of nature; What is emphasized in this article is the part of economic behaviors that is in the form of consumer behaviors. Since the Qurchr('39')an is the main and first source that Muslims follow, first by referring to all 114 chapters of the Qurchr('39')an, consumer behavior is categorized in the form of specific titles, and finally by summarizing them, the necessary results of the discussion, including the difference between these behaviors and Behaviors that are mentioned in conventional economics, such as paying attention to nature, profit and loss in the hereafter and spirituality, Godchr('39')s ownership of profit and loss, the effect of unnatural factors, paying attention to revelation, fair and easy behavior and paying attention to spiritual pleasures are characterized. In the practical part, to determine the level of peoplechr('39')s faith, the questionnaire of measuring the dignity of religion and to examine the behavior of consumers in the Islamic Republic of Iran, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the theoretical part has been used; To complete the questionnaire from both face-to-face and online methods, according to the total volume of Iranian society, 400 available samples were selected. Questionnaires were completed between autumn 1398 and summer 1399. While confirming the relationship between faith and Islamic consumer behavior, the effect of factors such as education and income level on negative Islamic consumer behavior and marital status, age shows a positive effect;  Also, different criteria (12 questions) show the compliance of economic behavior of consumers in the Islamic Republic of Iran with behavior derived from the Quran.

Identifying more accurately the factors affecting economic growth and examining the shocks that affect it ,can help policymakers in many sectors.Given the importance of this issue, the present study seeks to investigate the impact of institutional quality shocks and financial development on selected Islamic countries economic growth with 1996-2017 data using  the Panel Vector Self-Regression(PVAR).
In this study, government effectiveness and financial systems indicators such as system based bank and system based stock market were used. According to the research findings, among these indices, system based bank and government effectiveness have the most impact on economic growth in selected countries during the period under review. As in the long run, institutional quality and financial depth are explain 3.44% and 2.06% of the changes in economic growth.According to the findings of the study, it is essential to pay close attention to the financial development and enhance the government effectiveness and institutional quality of the selected Islamic countries.

Investing in facilities in the emerging and emerging market of our country can have positive effects on financing through banking facilities for small and large companies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of investment in the facilities of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is based on the design of post-event studies. In this study, 117 companies active and accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1397 were examined. The research hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression with a combined data model. Analyzes showed that investment in bank facilities had a positive effect on all four dependent variables of research, namely facility costs, credit facility size, quality of accounting information based on optional commitment items, and the performance of the company based on the Q-tobin standard.

This paper develops a conceptual and methodological framework for analyzing and measuring economic resilience. The operational definition of economic flexibility adopted in this paper is defined as the ability of an economy to ameliorate or mitigate the effects of negative shocks to which the economy may be inherently exposed. This paper also develops an index of economic resilience that covers four aspects of economic stability; Includes macroeconomic stability, market productivity at the micro level, governance and social development. The experimental findings of this study show that for the period under study during the years 1360-1393, when Iran has always been exposed to the negative effects of external shocks caused by the imposed war and economic sanctions,The economic flexibility has not been acceptable enough to curb the effects of these negative shocks and give the country higher economic growth and performance.

Proper management of the resources and facilities available in the country, and at the top of it, knowledge management and the flow of information at the national level are one of the most fundamental factors in realizing the concept of resistance economy. Therefore, the way out of resistance economics can be used to correctly apply the concept of knowledge management in the country in the form of asset management and intellectual capital, followed by increased productivity in organizations and the transfer and sharing of knowledge across organizations and organs in order to increase Productivity and access to knowledge-based economy. The purpose of this study is to provide a dynamic model for examining the key elements of knowledge management in order to strengthen the principles of resistance in banks. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of how data is collected, descriptive. The research strategy was a survey method, using structural equation modeling method to simultaneously examine the relationships between research variables. The statistical population of the study consisted of all managers, officials and supervisors of various branches of Ansar Bank in Tehran. A total of 97 samples were selected by cluster sampling. Data collection was done by using two library methods for reviewing the literature and field methodology for distributing and collecting questionnaires. Validity of the questionnaire was evaluated for content validity, construct validity and convergent validity. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was used. In order to investigate the research data and test hypotheses, Smart PLS software was used. The results show that endogenousness affects the attention to human capital and knowledge production, Knowledge production has a significant effect on knowledge application and knowledge sharing, Knowledge sharing affects flexibility and extroversion, Attention to human capital, application of knowledge, flexibility and extroversion have a significant impact on knowledge-based economy. Also, the knowledge-based economy has an impact on sustainable development.

Attention to spirituality as a key element in human life has gained special importance in the humanities; Although the relationship between spirituality and economic variables is one of the topics that has been seriously considered by thinkers in recent years, but the complexity of the concept of spirituality and fundamental differences of views, has led to differences and diversity of perceptions about the place of spirituality in economics. Is. In this regard, there are two instrumentalist and independent approaches to spirituality that have different results in the context of economics. In this research, using the content analysis method, an attempt was made to review the studies, to explain the place of spirituality in economic issues, and to examine the concept of spirituality in the field of Islamic economics; The results of the research indicate that in Islamic economics - due to the nature of Islamic spirituality - contrary to the instrumentalist view in the development literature towards spirituality, spirituality can not be viewed through the lens of material capital; Spirituality in Islamic economics as a great goal contains the transcendent concept of monotheism and in no way should it be considered as a means of wealth growth; Although the corrective effect of spirituality on the mechanism of economic operators is undeniable, but these are the economic components that should be considered as a tool for the growth of Islamic spirituality.

In Islamic countries, khums and zakat are among the most important Islamic incomes. Proper collection and distribution of zakat can have many positive effects, including the elimination of poverty, reducing the class gap among members of society, as well as the growth and prosperity of Islamic society. The purpose of the present study is to estimate the effect of effective factors on the collection of alms by Imam Khomeinichr('39')s Relief foundation. The statistical population of the present study includes all the cities of the province of Sistan and Baluchestan and the performance of Imam Khomeinichr('39')s Relief Foundation in collecting alms will be analyzed. Panel data have been used in the present study and the hypotheses were tested through multiple linear regression by using E-views software. The results of the study show that the variables of per capita income, value added of the agricultural sector, number of students and religious institutions have a positive effect on zakat collection.