نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 35 (زمستان 1399)

Undoubtedly, the prevention of citizens' crimes is one of the many concerns and concerns of law enforcement officials. Therefore, the issue of crime prevention is always considered in the criminal policy of many societies, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. This sensitivity is due to the fact that an unfavorable lifestyle is one of the most effective factors in committing crime in society. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between borderline lifestyle and crime committed by citizens in border areas. 

Research Method:

In terms of purpose, the present study is an application that was conducted by field method using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes all citizens of Baneh. 432 people were selected as the sample size through the Cochran's formula in a multi-stage cluster method. The validity of the research was calculated by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The obtained data indicate that the value (sig = 0.00, F = 104.204) for lifestyle at a significant level of 0.00, because it is less than 0.05, so it is significant with 95% probability. Therefore, while confirming all the hypotheses, the findings show that the borderline lifestyle has a direct effect on reducing or increasing the crime of citizens of border areas.

The relatively high rate of crime depends on independent variables. Therefore, there is a direct and significant relationship between borderline lifestyle and border crime.

Tourist satisfaction is an issue that is influenced by various factors and contributes to the economic and social development of countries through tourism sustainability. One of the important issues affecting tourists' satisfaction is the quality of service provided, which is used as a standard to evaluate the effectiveness of specific services. Therefore, the aim of this paper was Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Tourist Satisfaction of Quality of Tourism Services Based on Kano Model. The present study was a qualitative and quantitative method. In the qualitative part, firstly, through interviewing experts in the field of factors affecting customer satisfaction, the satisfaction of tourists was measured and prioritized by Kano model. The population of the study consisted of 150 tourists who were admitted to the reception units of Gharouq village on Monday and Friday. Due to limited access to the statistical population, 108 questionnaires were distributed among them. The results of the qualitative sector data divided the factors affecting customer satisfaction into three main categories, 7 sub-categories and 20 concepts. Based on Kano model, these factors were prioritized in three parts: functional, basic and motivational requirements. In the shortest time in restaurants with satisfaction factor of 0.44 (essential factors), high capacity of restaurants with satisfaction factor of 0.69 (functional factors) and reasonable price of restaurant services relative to other tourist destinations with satisfaction factor of 0.83 (Motivational factors) had the highest priority, respectively, among other factors of tourist satisfaction.

In border security analysis, the science that should be paid special attention to is the science of geography. Considerations of geographical factors and elements in security planning are based on the interaction between nature and man. This means that the considerations and indicators of natural geography, including climatic and geomorphological components, are the main pillars of the institutionalization of sustainable border security. In this study, the main concern of the study was to find, combine and classify the geographical indicators affecting the security of the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Content in MAXQDA software proved to be effective natural geography indicators in the implementation and implementation of security plans and programs along the country's political borders. After classifying and classifying the extracted indices, in order to investigate the factor status of each of the following indices of relevant components through factor analysis in SPSS software, agents were classified into three categories. Also, to evaluate the status of application of selected indicators in the northwestern borders of the country by analyzing the statistics of a questionnaire that was completed by referring to the expert community, the status of implementation and application of selected indicators in security plans of Ardabil and West Azarbaijan provinces It was examined and compared that the results of the analysis were that Ardabil province was in good condition, West Azerbaijan province was in moderate condition and East Azerbaijan province was in poor condition.

Due to its special geographical location, the border strip is located in the transit route or numerous vehicle and human traffic, whether legal or illegal. This area, regardless of the risk to life for border residents, has had many criminal consequences. But the existence of material capacity and potential (potential of mobilization and manpower, elders, etc.) and intellectual and spiritual potential (their interactions and knowledge of the environment and even the tribes across the border) as part of civil society in the form of border residents in this area of the territory of the country is an opportunity that deserves to be seized by the security authorities in this context. Therefore, border units can use the residential, environmental, intelligence, etc. capacities of border guards in providing environmental security of the border strip by formulating and implementing action measures instead of reaction measures, in the context of participatory criminal policy. The descriptive-analytical method has been employed in a library style using Persian and Latin sources in the fields of security, criminal policy and relevant laws. The results indicate that in order to increase the security of border areas, border units need to prefer criminal policy in the general sense (which refers to action and soft and then reactive and hard) to criminal policies in the specific sense of criminal policy (which observes reactive measures) a kind of criminal policy that is based on interaction and cooperation between all border stakeholders and security actors, and in the legal literature it is referred to as participatory criminal policy to provide services such as social, cultural, educational and counseling measures with purposeful and general integration can increase security, of course, while observing precautionary and intelligence requirements in order to protect their lives and property.

Social sustainability as one of the three main dimensions of sustainable development has an important place in urban planning and one of the factors affecting this dimension is social capital. In this regard, a review of planning policies to strengthen social capital is inevitable. This study was conducted to investigate the role of social capital in the development of social sustainability of neighborhoods for the border city of Rasht. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection has been library and field methods. Based on theoretical foundations and conceptual model, social capital research has been measured by indicators of social relations, trust of public institutions, sense of place and awareness based on the opinions of a group of experts. Data analysis was performed using structural equations with the help of Emus software. The results showed that the index of sense of belonging to the place with a coefficient of 0.78 has the greatest effect on social capital, followed by the trust of public institutions with a coefficient of 0.71 and the variable of social relations with a coefficient of 0.58. 0 and awareness with a coefficient of 0.38 are in the next level of effectiveness. In general, social capital in neighborhoods with a coefficient (beta) of 0.84 has a positive effect on sustainable social development of these neighborhoods and the relationship between these two variables is significant. In other words, sustainable social development will be strengthened by strengthening social capital.

Participatory Visioning Based on City Development Strategy in Border Cities (Case Study: Oshnaveyeh city) Abstract City Development Strategy (CDS) Process with its most prominent feature of participatory future visioning and social capacity-building of sustainable city development, is a modern approach in city planning, poverty reduction, improvement of quality of life and promoting public participation in city management. In this paper, the future visioning process of Oshnaveyeh city was studied and done by descriptive, analytical and field methods. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, field information in the form of a questionnaire was obtained from three statistical communities of city officials, citizens and urban elites. In data analysis were used ANP-SWOT technique and Spss statistical software. The overall average of CDS indixes in Oshnaveyeh is 2.6. The test results show that there is a significant difference between the opinions of different urban groups in terms of CDS indicators. Finally, is selected the strategy of strengthening the performance of agriculture and surrounding areas and the development of conversion industries related to agriculture and animal husbandry, with a score of 0.394, for the future development of the city of Oshnaveyeh, until 1415. Keywords City Development Strategy, Participatory Visioning, Border Cities, Oshnaveyeh.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of the resistance economy plan in preventing the smuggling of goods in Kurdistan province (Baneh city). The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is 1000 experts and officials of law enforcement, border and administrative, judiciary, customs and other related departments, academic elites, ordinary people and backpackers. 278 of them were selected based on Morgan sampling table using proportional stratified sampling method. The data collection was conducted using field study a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained using face validity and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.797). The analysis showed that most of the participants in this study were satisfied with the cultural aspects of the resistance economy as an effective component in reducing smuggling of goods in the province. Analytical findings also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the four studied components of resistance economy (economic aspects, political aspects, social aspects, and cultural aspects) with the prevention of smuggling of goods in Kurdistan province. That is, the economic aspect, the resistance economy (with an average of 4.1263 and a beta of 0.325) has the greatest impact on the prevention of smuggling of goods in Kurdistan province.