فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 50، بهار 1400)

The present study, with the aim of evaluating the role of urban management in the sustainable development of tourism in the metropolis of Tehran, has been conducted with a quantitative approach. The research method is descriptive and analytical survey, and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The independent variable of urban management was measured with the components of urban facilities and equipment, road network, urban services, mental and objective quality. The dependent variable of sustainable urban tourism is also measured by economic, social and environmental components. The statistical population of this study is experts, specialists and senior experts in the field of urban management, from which 100 people were selected as a statistical sample by available methods. First, the research variables were tested using descriptive statistical methods. Then, at the inferential level, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and path analysis through structural equations were used to examine the research questions. SPSS and SmartPLS software packages were used to analyze the quantitative data. The results show that the executive status of urban management and sustainable tourism in the metropolis of Tehran is moderate. Also, urban management has a significant positive effect on the development of sustainable tourism in the metropolis of Tehran.

Historic areas as a cultural heritage and reflection of past generations lives are the identity and potential of cities inner development. The excessive growth and evolution of cities has caused social, physical, environmental and economic problems in these areas. Utilizing regeneration approaches considering the principles of sustainable development can exert a strong influence over upgrading urban livability in different aspects. The main objective of this study is to identify the principles and factors of sustainable regeneration in historic areas of Rasht. The required data for this research was collected through library studies and questionnaires. The scope of the study are 400 Rasht citizens who live in historic areas of the city and are selected using Cochran formula. Spss software, One-sample Statistical T-test and multivariate regression are used in order to analyze the data. The results indicated that after the regeneration, community based principle has a desirable condition among the principles of sustainable regeneration and the principles of holism and procedural respectively were assessed below the desirable average. Moreover, some of the factors of holism and community based principles were considered one-dimensionally and the principle of procedural and legal factors does not have a desirable condition and are not in the direction of achieving an urban sustainable development. Eventually, the sustainable regeneration research model was built with an emphasis on legal factors in the mentioned region.

The purpose of this study was to model the improvement of the perception quality of urban spaces using citizens 'sensory components to provide suggestions for organizing these spaces with regard to citizens' perceptions. This study is a quantitative research and in terms of data collection, it is a field research. The study population consisted of all audiences (residents, employees and visitors and total of 84240). Using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling, 380 people were selected as sample size. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha 0.893 for Tarbiat and 0.889 for Valiasr. The results of factor analysis test reduced 55 variables to 24 variables and 4 factors in both pedestrians. According to the loaded factors, according to the loaded variables, four factors can be named as the factors of visual sense, taste and smell, hearing sense and tactile sense. The four factors most important for walking the Valiasr Road are visual quality, taste, visual, and multiple. Overall, the four factors explained the ability to explain 85.1% of the variation of Tarbiat pedestrian and 72.06% of the variance in Valiasr pedestrian. Also the results of chi-square test and path analysis showed that there were differences between two pedestrians at the significance level of 0.95.

High-rise building in urban landscape can be considered from several aspects. Research on this different affect can help urban designers and architects to improve the quality of plans for urban regions. On the one hand tall buildings can positively affect on the cities, on the other hand they can to cause disappear good looking of city or good landscape in the city. In this research, tow kinds of tall buildings, cluster and stand-alone tall buildings, are be compared to find their affect on the urban landscape. In order to analyze information and data, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used simultaneously. The SPSS statistical analysis software was used to analyze data. The findings of this study show that the aesthetic impact of single and cluster tall buildings should be distinguished; the effective dimensions of this building are different in the urban landscape. Individual towers with special form and tall cluster buildings can be easily harmonized with environmental proportions due to repetition and thus create a harmonious landscape.

The subject of the research is the processing of social factors of history after the Iranian revolution and its effects on contemporary architectural thinking. Effective social factors that are considered as a kind of involvement in the evolution of architecture of each historical period. Architecture as an interdisciplinary current has always been influenced by factors such as society. The question is what the relationship between architecture and social fields is and what is this relationship in the field of architecture for the 3 decades of the 1979 Revolution? The research hypothesis is that a study of the history of contemporary Iranian architecture can lead the researcher to a general vision of the current climate of society in the years to come and vice versa. Explanation of social elements is evident in architectural writings, and the resulting insight can be explained by reference to socio-historical events. Research is underway after a library study in both the social and architectural fields in order to gain an understanding of the society of those days and to follow the architecture of it, in the meantime, to identify and introduce the content of the authored works that are influenced by social factors. Research is qualitative with interpretive strategy, which explains the changing background of the intervening variable, such as society in architecture, through historical methods and the use of logical reasoning. The results of these studies show that the criteria for recognizing the social aspects of architecture in the three historical periods before the revolution, the 1979 revolution and the decade after the revolution, indicate a transition from a super-modern and luxurious society to a traditional-religious society and a return to a moderate modern society.

Among the various urban management organizations, the municipality is one of the devices that have a constant and close relationship with the public, so the comprehensive and sustainable development of the city will be implemented when citizens are satisfied with the performance of the municipality. Citizens' sense of satisfaction with the urban environment and the services provided by the municipality, especially in the field of urban planning, is an important factor in motivating people to participate in urban development and improve the quality of their housing. Research on promoting citizens' satisfaction with urban life is a worthy and necessary thing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role and position of urban planning rules and regulations in the satisfaction of the citizens of Isfahan. The research method was descriptive-analytical based on the applied purpose and nature. The research tool was a questionnaire and the statistical population was citizens over the age of twenty in three regions 6, 8 and 14 that 384 people were selected as the research sample using Cochran's formula. Data were analyzed using PLS software. The results showed that the user criteria have the most impact with the rate (0.613) and the viewing criteria and lighting spaces have the least impact with the rate (0.381) in terms of significance with the satisfaction of the citizens of the study areas. Also, the research fit model indicates the significance of all components of urban planning rules and regulations and their significant impact on the satisfaction of citizens in research areas.

Ahvaz is one of the cities located in the relatively arid region. The city and the climate have a direct influence on each other. Due to the importance of this issue, this study aims to study the changes of climatic elements including minimum, maximum and average temperature, precipitation and humidity in Ahvaz during the statistical period of 1965-2015 with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the Mann-Kendall ranking model. in the process of regional development and urban planning. The results obtained from data analysis show that due to the conformity of temperature and rainfall trends, the old texture of the city for the comfort and well-being of citizens, its urban spaces are completely based on environmental elements. Compact construction, narrow and shady alleys and even the color of the buildings are affected by this attention. Accordingly, the main focus of the discussion is to study how the impact of climatic conditions on the indigenous urban planning of Iran and also to extract these climatic principles used in materials, architectural typology, urban space organization and urban elements. To avoid this drought and its other consequences, urban and regional development planning should be oriented in order to deal with the crisis and in the form of risk management.

Understanding the mechanism of geographical space of cities, in dealing with Hyperglobalization, is one of the most important approaches to analyzing geographical spaces. This research by recognizing this point and considering the importance of Metropolises in the developing countries chose Tehran with Shanghai as the examples of the successful models of globalization, with the aim of finding the geographical space mechanism of these two cities and presenting a model of globalization for Tehran. The research method in this research is descriptive, analytical and inferential. Using theoretical foundations, obtaining the opinions of experts through the Delphi method and inferential measurement of globalization variables, using the man-witny test It has been studied in SPSS software environment. The results are expressed as two equations. Explains the differences between the components of economic integration, communication, information processes and their spatial interconnection in the global system with the non-global system. International trade volume, foreign tourism, Internet penetration rate, number of branches of foreign banks, number of branches of multinational companies and foreign direct investment. Therefore, in terms of descriptive, analytical and statistical inference, the results show the contrasting mechanism of the geographical space of Shanghai and Tehran.

Population growth in urban areas, followed by increased waste generation and environmental issues, has increased the need to pay attention to determining the proper landfills of urban waste. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to locate suitable landfills of the city of Asaluyeh. In this study, a total of 16 criteria were used in three physico-chemical, socio-economic and biological environments. In order to locate landfill site in Asaluyeh, ArcGIS10.3 software was used to extract the information layers and perform the necessary processing and Analytical Hierarchy Analytic Model (AHP) to weigh the criteria using Expert Choice software. Based on the findings of this study, the landfills in the study area can be classified into four classes. At the same time, the perfectly suitable areas for dumping landfills with 3232.74 hectares have the highest priority for landfill dumping, and with 4.82% of the total area covered by the study, priority is given to waste landfill projects. Analysis of the results of the research findings shows that the designated areas for proper disposal of Asaluyeh waste are more in line with the poor and poor pasture land and the maximum distance from residential areas, communication routes, resources Underground water, drains, industrial areas and protection areas and faults in the area.

The city itself is one of the most important indicators of welfare and social and economic development, but its rapid growth could reduce per capita possession of many social and economic facilities. And through its implications for reduced quality of life in different areas of the city appear that the problem in developing countries, including Iran, increasing urban population that often unwanted and unplanned happened very evident. Quality of life is an issue that can be enhanced by areas of development such as social, economic and physical development. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, studies evaluating urban quality of life and how it should be distributed at district level should be considered as a necessity. Consider urban development plans at national and local levels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of composite indices of Chabahar urban quality of life. The dominant approach is the qualitative and quantitative research space and the type of applied research. Techniques and models (Fuzzy DEMITEL and VIKOR) were used for data analysis. The results of the Fuzzy DEMITEL model showed that all economic dimension indices are influential. the four indicators, the social dimension of the three influential indicators, and only one indicator (educational services) and points (-0.016) is affected, also among the three indices, the environmental dimension is all influential, and of the physical indices only the index (housing) with a score (0.242) is influential and the rest is influential. The final results show the prioritization of Chabahar areas with emphasis on the spatial distribution of composite indices of quality of life using the Vikor model, the highest Q values belonged to Chabahar (2) area with weight (0.760), and the lowest weight belonged to Chabahar (4) area (0.574).

The statistical population of the study includes tourists, businessmen and tourism activists. Due to the inaccuracy of the number of tourists (statistical population), random sampling has been used and the areas and places where tourists have been present, including border bazaar, oyster beach, cable car , To collect data. The statistical population of the research is tourists, businesspersons and activists in the field of tourism. Due to the inaccuracy of the number of tourists, accessible random sampling has been used. Areas and places such as the border bazaar, Sadaf beach, and Hairan cable car have been designated to collect data. Descriptive findings were analyzed using SPSS software and research hypotheses were performed by Friedman test.Descriptive findings were analyzed using SPSS software and research hypotheses were performed by Friedman test. Based on the results of this study, the tourist attractions of Astara city, in addition to their lands, face a lack of facilities and facilities necessary to attract tourists, which in order to develop constructively and dynamically, the emergence of planning and tourism planning and the implementation of a comprehensive tourism plan.

The purpose of this study is to present a model of ecotourism entrepreneurship development with a social welfare approach to tourism target villages. This research has been done in terms of fundamental purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and in terms of qualitative data collection method and based on grounded theory method. Using theoretical foundations, research background and semi-structured interviews, content analysis was performed using content analysis method. The participating team consists of university experts who were selected by purposive sampling method using snowball method. The data collection process continued until the researcher reached the theoretical saturation limit in the fifteenth interview and then using the grounded theory method to encode the extracted concepts in three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Finally, by extracting, combining and combining the concepts and categorizing them into larger categories, the paradigmatic model of the research was presented. The paradigm model showed that individual factors, marketing factors, economic factors, cultural factors, environmental factors and supportive factors for the development of ecotourism entrepreneurship with the approach of social welfare of tourism target villages are the causal conditions. Institutional factors, social factors and general factors as background conditions; financial variables and management system are among the interventionist conditions and planning strategy, economic strategy and environmental opportunities are the strategies of entrepreneurship development of ecotourism with the social welfare approach of the villages targeted for tourism. Underlying conditions, intervening conditions, and strategies will have positive consequences, including economic function, social function, structural function, cultural function, and negative consequences.

The historical and cultural heritage of the city has become a familiar destination for people, and therefore, historical sites and ancient textures can be valuable places to attract tourists, especially foreigners, seeking out places to look for Individuals are attracted to these areas and create a boom in tourism and its benefits. In order to identify the key internal and external factors of tourism development and its development strategies, Swat's analytical model based on the viewpoint of the sample community was used. In order to prioritize and determine the degree of impact of the four Swot factors and subfactors and formulated strategies, the Super Decision network analysis and software process was used. The results show that S8 (area value historically, culturally, architecturally and ethnographically) and S6 (high number of tourists entering the area) with scores of 0.989 and 0.972 had the most impact on the sub-criteria, respectively.

The technology-based entrepreneurship model of information technology in knowledge-based companies in the Science and Technology Park is based on datadriven theory.The research method is explanatoryThe research strategy was based on some of the data.The statistical sample of the article is14% have been professors of entrepreneurship, PhD in industry, PhD in management, PhD experts in entrepreneurship and managers of knowledge-based companies located in the Science and Technology Park. To analyze the dataCoding is used.Findings showed that recognizing, understanding and creating technological entrepreneurship, information technology network and developing entrepreneurial investment and marketing capabilities by considering, opportunism, acceptance and facilitation of entrepreneurship and changes in the innovative structure of networks can affect technological entrepreneurship. Be.The results will guide us in the new technologybased valuation and the consequences of differentiation in organizations.Model strategies such as facilitation measures, structural measures, infrastructure strategies and scientific-research measures seem to help technological entrepreneurship.

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of pollutants in outdoor sports complexes northwest of Tehran using GIS. This research is cross-sectional in terms of execution time and applied in terms of outputs, and descriptive-analytical and comparative in terms of analysis. The statistical population is 40 sports facilities in the northwest of Tehran. The statistical sample is considered as a total of 40 medium and large outdoor sports spaces. In order to enter the data, kriging method was used. After estimating the average data concentration of pollutants, zoning was performed for all stations using Kriging method by ArcGIS software. The basis for measuring the amount of pollutants was set based on the Air Quality Index (AQI). Then, through the IO technique, the location layer of outdoor sports complexes and the zoning layers of pollutants were superimposed. The results showed that the air quality index was healthy throughout the study area but no area of clean study areas (0-50) was reported .The distribution of sports spaces does not follow a good pattern. Therefore, in order to reduce air pollution, urban structures, network design and communication axes should be considered.

Proper and prudent use of regional resources and capabilities to meet the challenges and constraints is the most important principle of land management. It is necessary to identify the components affecting the sustainable development of border cities and emphasize them in urban and regional planning. In this regard, in the present study, the impact of sustainable security and related border factors on sustainable urban development from the perspective of experts in the border patrol area has been investigated. Data collection was done through library and field studies and to analyze descriptive and inferential information from GIS, SPSS, EXEL, GOOGLE EARTH, EXPERT CHOICE software, Cronbach's alpha techniques and models, Structural equations or Lisrel, and to evaluate the normality of the data, the valid Komolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and to check the significance level of the hypotheses, t-test was used. The significant level for the hypotheses in the questionnaire is less than 0. 05 and the average is greater than 3, so the sustainable security of border areas can lead to the sustainable development of border cities (Gosht).

Because of the lack of proper supervision over construction projects, the effects and consequences are very harmful to the city, so that even after the completion of the project, a wide range of citizens may be affected by this issue. On the other hand, proper and accurate performance in this area leads to a move towards sustainable development and education of a significant part of the goals of metropolitan management and planning. Which are the center of gravity of the quality of urban structures to be examined. In this regard, this study with a descriptive and analytical method after explaining the type of civil liability of supervising engineers, and the impact of Iran's four geographical climates on it, studied its role and impact on urban management and planning. The results indicate that due to the wide range of responsibilities of supervising engineers, which includes the results and consequences of his work, he can be effective in both material and cultural management of the city and play an important role in preventing urban mismanagement.

This study deals with the relationship between monogamous residential environment and safe social relations in the middle (Zargar neighborhood) and weak (Katie East and West) neighborhoods. It is residential in two neighborhoods. Given the nature of the city, as a complex and complex spatial social system, the most appropriate approach in understanding the structure and function of architecture and urban design and researching its issues is to use the process of combining methods. Due to the quality of the variables and also the different effects of the variables on the residents' sense of security and the level of their social relations, the questionnaire is used in the form of a cross-sectional survey to assess. The work of analyzing the data collected from the questionnaire using structural equation modeling to determine the effective components and determine the contribution of each component in forming a sense of security and increasing social interactions of individuals as well as the share and role of influence Interfering variables are performed. The results show. There is a difference between the feeling of security and physical factors of the environment and the type of use and monitoring and the amount of social interactions of residents and the rate of crime reduction and quality of life of residents between men and women in middle and lower level neighborhoods of Babol. The intensity of this relationship is moderate and the direction of the relationship is direct. Also, the average variable of physical factors of the environment (3.375), the average type of use (3.251), monitoring (3.143), the average rate of social interactions (3.365), the average rate of feeling safe (3.108), the average rate of crime reduction (3.989) and the average level of quality of life ( 3.438) is. Also, the standard deviation of the above variables is equal to (0.621), (0.578), (0.682), (0.680), (0.552), (0.612) and (0.366), respectively.

In different periods of history, tribal, ethnic, climatic, religious, etc. cultural characteristics have had an impact on the design of the architectural body. Differences in the cultural characteristics of different climates have led to the emergence of distinct shapes in living spaces and the shape of habitats. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of culture in the design of the architectural body in North Khorasan, Bojnourd city. Since the residents of this province and city are composed of different ethnicities, we selected two Turkmen and Kermanj ethnic groups and put the studies and studies done by focusing on these two ethnic groups, which constitute the majority of the residents of this city. In order to achieve this goal, three basic questions are raised: 1- What is the role of culture in the type of architectural body of North Khorasan province? 2- What is the most important cultural indicator influencing the form of cultural settlements in North Khorasan? 3- What is the most influential space of culture in architecture? Following the answers to the above questions, he studied systematic and systematic documents and then conducted a semi-structured interview with several elites in the relevant field. The results show cultural characteristics such as representation of relationships and gender roles, privacy and Privacy based on gender culture, individual and social ties have had the greatest impact on North Khorasan's colonial body. Based on the above cultural features, the architectural body between these two ethnic groups is classified into two types of introverted and extroverted architecture. Introverted architecture with an emphasis on the separation of public and private arenas among Kermanshah and extroverted architecture with an emphasis on the integration of public and private arenas among Turkmens.

Good urban governance emphasizes that neither capital, nor technology, nor even expertise is enough to manage urban affairs, but good management is the hallmark of an outgoing city with good management versus a city with poor management or an isolated city. The main move towards good urban governance will be to achieve an extroverted city. In an extroverted city, everyone deserves a constructive and positive participation in the opportunities available in the city, regardless of wealth, gender, religion, race or age. Good urban governance creates a kind of development in which the poor have priority, women's affairs improve, a sustainable environment is created, and employment opportunities and welfare factors emerge. Thus the concept of good governance and sustainable human development is inseparable. The purpose of good urban governance indicators is to measure the quality of urban management. The main question of the present article is that considering the role of good governance in the economic, social, cultural and political development of countries, from the point of view of the elites of the four cities (Zabol, Zahedan, Iranshahr, Chabahar), the province; Which of the characteristics of good governance should be given priority for the development of these cities and Sistan and Baluchestan province in general? The method of this article is descriptiveanalytical. Findings show that the development of underdevelopment and elimination of deprivation in Sistan and Baluchestan province needs to explain a comprehensive model of good governance and its implementation in Sistan and Baluchestan province in a leading study with regard to social, political, economic and cultural capacity assessment with a view In the future, a comprehensive model can be presented in accordance with the living conditions of the province. In the present study, it has been tried to first prioritize the indicators of good urban governance according to the situation of the destination cities (Zabol-Zahedan-Iranshahr-Chabahar) and then to determine the distance between the current and desired situation of the selected cities.

The increase in the level of cities and the growth of urbanization and the emergence of problems related to the inadequacy and appropriateness of planners withenvironmental power have led to environmental crises, or their development in separate, unplanned, fragmented and escaped parts has led to the pattern of urban expansion. In parallel with this pattern of urban development, the surrounding agricultural lands have undergone land use change. The city of Isfahan, like other cities in recent decades, has had an unbalanced and scattered growth, so that this growth has led to destructive environmental effects such as the destruction of high-quality agricultural land. One way to prevent urban sprawl is to join the surrounding cities to the metropolis. The purpose of this study is to identify environmental problems in the first place, the connection of the surrounding cities to the city of Isfahan, and in the next stage, to evaluate the environmental effects of the connection of the surrounding cities to the city of Isfahan. The present research method was mixed. For this purpose, using the thematic analysis method to identify environmental and environmental problems and then to evaluate the effects of joining the surrounding cities, structural equation model using Amos software was used. The results of this study showed that pollution includes soil, water, air, environmental pollution, etc. Green space and landscape including land use change, maintenance of agricultural lands, suitable landscapes of buildings and exhausted tissue is one of the environmental problems that the joining of the surrounding cities has had the greatest impact on agricultural land and the least impact on per capita population.

Today But, some political necessities have caused states’ extensive interaction with terrorist groups behind the scenes. This is a driving factor in recognizing the responsibility of states for their roles and responsibilities in the international society against other actors. In this research, in addition to analysis the theoretical foundation of responsibility of legal persons (goverments leaders), we have briefly overviewed general responsibilities of states with the respect to terrorism phenomenon, and viewed the supplementary and specific responsibilities of states in the form of the doctrine of responsibility to protect against other actors of international relations. Considering the threat of these groups to international peace and security and international prohibitions, we have also reviewed moral and material supports of terrorism by some leaders and states. This situation made us to understand criminal responsibility of leaders considering all the existing restrictions, and the ability of authentication of their criminal liability and the design of this responsibility for crimes against humanity and war crimes that are available in Articles 7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court. regarding the nonidentification of criminal liability of legal persons in the international system in this study, we are looking for approaches to identify the criminal responsibility of the political leaders of supporting terrorism with emphasis on the political geography of the middle east.

Aesthetic and landscape are two very vital components in the vitality of urban spaces and architecture that cause visual and structural integration in buildings, streets. Aesthetic originates from human beings and for this reason, it is necessary for the happiness and excellence of individual and social life. The nature of aesthetic must be sought in the emotional relationship between man and the world around him. The main function of aesthetic is to create emotional harmony between human beings, nature, and society, and therefore play a decisive role in guiding human beings towards happiness, well-being, and happiness. Aesthetic is also a valuable and purposeful phenomenon. Human endeavor to attract and create aesthetic is a kind of effort to strengthen the values of life and the elements that agree with life and the negation of negative and ugly phenomena in life. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the aesthetic criteria in Narvan residential complex in Arak. The study of the existing literature and the opinions of experts show that the criteria of a beautiful urban landscape with the context and text of urban planning, the building blocks of a beautiful urban landscape, the building blocks of a beautiful urban landscape are among the effective criteria. Criteria prioritization is based on the ANP model and is done using the opinions of experts who specialize in the theory and practice of aesthetics and landscape. Contrast criteria, rhythm, and diversity of uses are the most influential components in the flexibility of residential space. Perceptual criteria have the highest weight among the research variables.

The present article was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of factors affecting the socio-political participation of citizens in the implementation of sustainable development projects in urban areas. In this research, urban development of Arak metropolis has been considered as a case study. The statistical population is the employees of the executive bodies of Arak in 2009. The sample size was 361 people according to Morgan sampling table, which was selected by random quota classification. Data collection tools were interviews with academic experts and a questionnaire of executives. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through factor analysis and Cronbach's tests. Achieving a coefficient above 0.70 in both cases indicates the stability of their measurement. Methods of data analysis are: utilization of descriptive statistics, structural equation tests, Sobel test. In this regard, PLS software was used to test the research model and hypotheses. The results showed that each set of social, cultural and economic factors was mediated by socio-political participation with sustainable urban development. But there was no relationship between political factors mediated by socio-political participation and sustainable urban development. At the same time, the set of factors affecting sociopolitical participation has a positive effect on sustainable urban development, the model of this effect was also tested and presented.

Cities as the second post-agricultural revolution have overshadowed human life and have been cited as centers of power and wealth production. But at the same time, they face challenges despite hundreds of years of urban history, they still face problems in urban management. Therefore, the present study has tried to explain the integrated urban management as a new approach in security and social welfare on the horizon of 1410 Tabriz metropolis. For this purpose, 43 indicators have been extracted in three dimensions (integrated management, security and welfare) that spss software has been used to measure the correlation coefficient between the components. Micmac software is used to measure the type of relationship between the variables, and Wizard scenario software is used to explain possible scenarios on the 1410 horizon. Research has shown that There was a significant relationship between the components of management on security and social welfare sig = 0.000So that the correlation coefficient of management on security was r = 0.80 and welfare r = 0.58. Also, the results of the analysis of indicators in the environment of futuristic software have shown 10 key factors resulting from Mick Mac software. Also, the possible situations of integrated management on security and welfare have shown 3 strong scenarios, 132 weak scenarios and 21 possible scenarios. Among the possible scenarios, the optimal situation with 80 frequency states equal to a coefficient of 38% has been the most probable scenario for Tabriz metropolis.

With the arrival of Islam, Iranian architecture, which had significant technical values before the advent of Islam, with the advent of Islam, emerged the doctrinal and fundamental beliefs that placed Iranian-Islamic architecture among the modeling architectures. Patterns that evolved in the historical course of this architecture and became significant and sometimes unique features of Iranian-Islamic architecture. Iranian-Islamic modeling architecture has been neglected in recent decades in dealing with Western architecture, and values derived from its IranianIslamic identity and culture has been ignored.

The present research paradigm is free research and a combination of analytical methods, the use of questionnaires, Delphi and correlation tests. Iranian-Islamic architecture is placed and the results obtained by SPSS software are analyzed to evaluate the correlation of indicators.

The findings of Pearson correlation analysis show a significant direct and upward relationship between patterned architecture with the criteria of symbolic vision, conceptual architecture, spatial hierarchy, environmental adaptation, cultural adaptation, readability, semiotics, general acceptability and Iranian-Islamic architecture.

The results of the research show that in order to return to the Iranian-Islamic models in the design of today's high-rise residential buildings, two groups of indicators that are discussed in the form of ethics (mental indicators) and human-centered (physical indicators) are more than others. Factors and indicators are influential and desirable based on Iranian-Islamic architectural patterns.

A review of the experiences of natural disasters, including earthquakes, shows that earthquakes do not cause destruction on their own, but it is human who determines the extent of damage caused by earthquakes. Given the ineffectiveness of vulnerabilitybased approaches after earthquake, new perspectives emphasize on the evolutionary resilience approach; but the main problem is the multiplicity and diversity of indicators with complex and networked relationships and the difficulty of the evaluation process, which necessitates the use of appropriate models. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and analyzes the causal relationships between urban evolutionary resilience indicators against earthquakes in Zanjan, according to the position of this city in relation to the surrounding faults to key and effective factors in resilience. The city should be identified. For this purpose, after reviewing the texts and extracting the indicators. First by using two-stage Delphi method through purposeful and consecutive sampling, 27 questionnaires in the form of 40 * 40 matrix are completed by managers and experts of Zanjan Municipality, then by the use of parametric interpretive structural model using Mic Mac software causal relationships and key factors influencing urban resilience were identified. Results show that indicators related to institutional factors and communication network act as effective and key indicators in the network and increasing the status of these indicators due to their direct and indirect effects on other indicators in the network of causal relationships the ultimate rate of resilience can be improved

The need for innovation and especially product innovation to compete in the domestic and global arenas on the one hand and the importance of new product development, as one of the areas of revenue generation for companies and the country on the other hand, as well as identifying factors And the groundwork for building innovation capabilities has become a strategic process. In the present study, while identifying the factors affecting the creation and strengthening of product innovation capabilities, the communication model between these factors has also been identified and proposed. For this purpose, first, through library studies, the effective factors in product innovation were identified and categorized into six factors. In the next step, through the distribution of the designed questionnaire, the status of research variables was assessed. In this regard, 250 questionnaires were distributed among employees, senior and middle managers of information technology companies and collected after completion. Finally, data analysis using structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis and regression correlation test to prove the proposed research model. According to the results obtained from structural equations, the impact of human capital, knowledge, culture, internal communication and external communication on product innovation has been positive and significant.

Following the industrialization of cities and the advent of modern architecture, the pattern of construction has moved away from indigenous architecture, which has problems such as: moving away from nature, increasing energy consumption, moving away from the culture of the area, creating an unknown landscape and contrasting with the environment. And the disappearance of indigenous identity and its spontaneous architecture. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to examine the important criteria in ecological architecture for understanding the environment and its perception, which can increase the sense of belonging to the place. The purpose of this study is the interaction of man and nature with respect to the region and the environment, as well as recognizing and strengthening the perception of the environment and landscape using ecological architecture and what is the need for this research; Man's current detachment from nature and cognition and perception of the environment, as well as the need to recognize the climate and other important criteria and design accordingly so that it can bring sustainable architecture and can create a connection and solidarity with the knowledge of space and sense of place. The way we can have a proper performance and behavior pattern in that environment. The research method in this research is based on a descriptive and analytical approach, which has been studied through data collection tools, library and documentary studies, and visual intuition by analyzing logical reasoning. In this research, we finally reach a model in which culture and technology (from human factors), nature and climate (from environmental factors) are important issues in understanding and perceiving the environment, which includes a coherent relationship and fully includes how Human behavior is in that environment. Also, by examining a case study (Bandar Kong) with the characteristics of ecological perception and their elements, we come to an analysis of the effective model in the perception of the indigenous landscape of Bandar Kong.

New approaches in education due to its quantitative and qualitative development of influential topics in the programIt are an educational project that has an effective role in social change. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study, analyze and evaluate the behavioral and environmental components affecting the architecture education of residential complexes in the course of Architecture Design Workshop 5. The research method is hybrid (descriptive-correlation). The cognitive model of the research was collected using the opinions of experts, library and field studies. In this study, components of educational software and planning, educational human tools including knowledge, skills, experiences and creativity, hardware and management educational tools, individual-group method, geometric facilities, cultural facilities, conceptual-abstract, physical components. Environmental and subjective-behavioral, perceptual components and environmental quality were identified. Then, in order to refine and summarize the research literature, a questionnaire was developed. A questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population of residential architecture design experts; And the obtained statistical results of the perceptual component including conscious and unconscious have the most effect and geometric facilities have the least effect in this field. According to cognitive studies and statistical results, the analytical model of the research led to the presentation of a comprehensive model for teaching residential architecture design.

The Human Rights Council, as a subsidiary of the General Assembly, replaces the Human Rights Commission. By establishing this body, the United Nations has demonstrated its special importance for issues related to the improvement of the global human rights situation and the promotion of universal respect for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the responsibility to provide advisory and technical services in fulfilling human rights obligations Is in charge. Among the features of the Human Rights Council are the possibility of suspending the membership of countries violating human rights and establishing a mechanism for reviewing the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and studying the details of monitoring human rights violations in the world. It seems that the Council, despite its many efforts in the field of human rights, has not yet been able to reach its main position and goal, which is to defend the human rights of countries and the Middle East region. One of the most important reasons for this inefficiency is the geopolitical rivalries within the council, especially between powerful members such as the United States on one side and China and Russia on the other.

The decline in the quality of urban life due to the formation and occurrence of complex problems in various economic, social, environmental, physical and institutional dimensions, has made it necessary to use the model of good urban management with the aim of promoting sustainability. The purpose of this study is the mechanisms of municipal intervention in the viability of cities (Ahvaz).This research was applied in terms of purpose and This research was mixed in terms of method. In order to collect the necessary research data, two methods of documentary and survey analysis were used. The research tools were questionnaires and interviews with experts. The statistical population of the study was about 200 experts from Ahvaz, of which 62 were selected as the sample size. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data analysis and one-sample t-test and structural equation model were used for quantitative data analysis.The results of qualitative research data showed that 6 comprehensive themes (urban environment, urban history, urban management, urban community, services of the Minister of Urban Construction and Urban Economy) were identified. Also 13 organizational themes (pollution, public spaces, historical landscape), Trust, participation and satisfaction, sense of belonging and identity to the place, communication and interaction with people, security, housing, education, treatment and health, leisure, transportation and access) were identified and the basic themes of 139 were identified. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that the performance of the municipality in each of the indicators of viability was different and according to the averages, the highest performance in the index, services, activities and urban facilities and the lowest performance in the urban economy.

Statement of Problem: Studying and recognizing the situation of urban areas and their construction in terms of sustainability and sustainable development is one of the issues that has recently been raised in the culture of urban planning. The use of urban, social and physical service indicators can be a good criterion for determining the position of new cities and a factor in solving problems to achieve sustainable urban development. Considering that the city of Tehran is the first city in the country in terms of area and population and is the most important center of population attraction in Iran, so there are limitations in terms of facilities, the expansion of the city and also the inability to attract more population.

This is a strategic analysis of the sustainable development situation of the new city of Parand.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and based on documentary and field findings, the subject has been studied. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and an interview. It was then evaluated using quantitative analysis methods such as AHP and SWOT.

The findings showed that the new city of Parand has not been very successful in playing its role, which is that population density is part of the population surplus and decentralization from the mother city of Tehran. A large part of this failure was due to the lack of adequate construction of infrastructure and lack of employment and activities in the city, which was also affected by inefficiency of management and planning in accordance with the needs of urban development. Also, the research results showed that the optimal model for achieving sustainable development in the new city of Parand is the smart city model, which if realized can lead to sustainable development of this city.

Smart agriculture is one of the solutions to deal with the growing demand for food and maintain environmental sustainability. In Smart agriculture, the role of collecting geographic and technical data, and producing information based on mathematical models is increasing. Collecting, processing, and producing information on climatic conditions, soil, disease, insects, seeds, fertilizers, etc. plays an important role in decisions based on statistical programming, resulting in economic development and environmental sustainability. Smart management involves the collection, transfer, selection, and analysis of data. As the volume of agricultural data increases, robust analytical techniques are able to process and analyze more, making highly accurate predictions possible. New agricultural technology hopes to achieve two important goals: a resilient, profitable economy, and better production. Undoubtedly, it needs smart management and intelligent technology to be a transition from being developed to developing. In this paper, by introducing the common methods in developed countries, the descriptive-analytical method based on library and internet studies has been used.

Shiraz city is one of the cities of Fars province that despite having suitable landscapes and natural landscapes for the development of ecotourism, has not been able to. In this respect, reach its real and worthy position. In this regard, it seems that knowledge of the ecotourism potential of the region and the identification of areas prone to ecotourism "in order to save time, money and boost the tourism economy of the study area. This study was intended to use Fuzzy multi-criteria analysis method achieves this important. In this regard, based on "field evidence and various library documents, data and information on 8 criteria including slope, slope direction, altitude, distance from the river, vegetation density, Soil and lithology were collected. Preparation, management and analysis of data and information were performed in the GIS environment, which ultimately led to the preparation of an ecotourism potential zoning map of the study area. The results of this zoning showed the existence of good ecotourism potentials in the area and showed an acceptable adaptation to the terrestrial realities. The concentration of high-power zones in the south and east of the city, while emphasizing the importance of these zones, identified a priority for the development of ecotourism for the rural areas of the region. So that the villages of Koohmareh Sorkhi, Arjan plain, Farah Chaman and Siakh Darangan had the highest priority for the development of ecotourism. The lowest ecotourism potential was mainly allocated to the eastern areas of the city and rural areas.

With the rapid growth of cities due to urban sprawl caused by urban development, smart urban growth has become a city's urban development goals. This paper evaluates the physical development of Tabriz city based on urban smart growth indicators based on the collected data. The main question of the research is whether the application of urban smart growth indicators will be effective in the physical development of Tabriz areas? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and it is survey in terms of purpose. TOPSIS and Shannon entropy models, Delphi technique and Likert technique were used for data analysis. The results showed that out of the three districts of Tabriz Municipality, District 2, 4 and 7, in Integrated Urban Smart Growth Index, District 2 had the best situation and District 7 had the worst situation. Therefore, low priority areas for future physical development planning in Tabriz should be considered and prioritized. Based on data analysis through Delphi technique, it was found that the best model of Tabriz's urban physical development is the centralized model model with the regional and neighborhood centered services and amenities. Also through Likert spectrum, the difference between the current and desirable status of physical development of Tabriz based on smart urban growth indices was compared to the existing status of physical development of Tabriz equal to (37/16) and physical development of Tabriz based on growth indices. Urban smart is in the ideal state (62/84). Which shows that applying smart urban growth indicators will be effective in physical development of Tabriz.

With the rapid development of urbanization, population growth and uncontrolled construction, energy consumption in buildings is expected to exceed 55% in the near future. Currently, about 40% of the world's energy is consumed by buildings, which increases carbon dioxide emissions and makes the environment more dangerous. If you try in the last decade to pay significant attention to buildings with zero energy requirements. Maximum use of natural daylight can reduce energy consumption and heating space. In this regard, the use of passive systems in urban buildings as an architectural element will have a high impact on increasing user comfort and also reducing energy consumption. If our goal is to use zero energy in urban systems, it will be activated in inactive urban systems (direct absorption, if necessary, for the convenience of users (uniform distribution of daylight) and the reduction of available energy. Trumpet wall, greenhouse). The present research method is descriptiveanalytical and available. Survey in Valiasr, Tabriz, using experimental library studies, mathematical calculations to obtain the amount of solar radiation on the ground at the site and also simulations in the design software and field studies have been done. According to the results obtained for the daylight factor, there is a strong distribution of light among the models (in direct absorption) G, (in the thrombus wall) G, (in the greenhouse) L compared to other scenarios in the most appropriate way. . It also reduces power consumption in these three final models by up to 10, 40 and 20%, respectively.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural capital in promoting global citizen education. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of mixed data type (qualitative-quantitative) and qualitative approach through content analysis and coding (refocusing-selective) and quantitative approach was a survey method. The statistical population in the qualitative section of experts (faculty members of Hormozgan province), using purposive non-probability sampling method and saturation principle, 14 people were selected and in the quantitative statistical population of faculty members of public and private universities of Hormozgan province using Morgan table Selection and statistical sample 185 people were selected by multi-stage sampling method. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, semistructured receipts and face-to-face interviews were used and in the quantitative part, researcher-made questionnaires were used. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the components of national identity (belonging to symbols, national and religious myths, Islamic culture and method, the role of history, sense of belonging to culture, Iranian way of life, familiarity with world heritage) and cultural capital (mental embodiment) The objectively embodied state, the institutionalized state) have a factor load above 0.5 on the global citizen education and are at a statistically significant level. It is suggested that the officials of educational systems pay special attention to the components of cultural capital in order to increase and enhance the level of education of the global citizen.

The social, economic and cultural functioning of markets has led to the formation of deep links between people and marketers and their broad participation in order to continue the market life cycle. Due to the importance and necessity of studying the areas of attracting market participants, the present study was conducted with the main purpose of investigating the factors affecting market participation in the survival of the historical market of Tabriz. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research method is descriptive-analytical and survey type as well as correlational and causal research. The statistical population of these active marketers is a total of 5500 people. Using Cochran's formula and simple random method, 359 people were selected as the sample size. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.869.The results of factor analysis model led to a reduction of 25 variables to 10 variables in the form of 4 main factors, namely awareness, satisfaction, trust and sense of belonging (spatial identity), which explained a total of 88.73% of variance changes related to market participation. .Also, the results of regression test showed that the variables of knowledge with the value of 0.598, satisfaction with 0.470, trust with 0.456 and finally the sense of spatial belonging with 0.389 were able to explain 63.5% of the total variance changes related to market participation. Finally, the results showed that the rate of participation in rows, mosques and inns is higher than other market spaces, respectively, so in order to continue the life of the historic market of Tabriz, suggestions have been made to strengthen awareness and recognize and strengthen the feelings of belonging. For example, by introducing the cultural values of this building and also the role and function of this complex in the development of the city of Tabriz, the ground for wide participation of citizens and especially bazaars in its management can be provided. The capacity of line spaces can also be used to guide the participation of other sectors.

Creating and reproducing sociable recreational environments, as a place of social interactions in order to create sustainable urban environments, is one of the goals that has received much attention in recent decades. For this purpose, the present study analyzes the components affecting the sociability of Prince Mahan's garden, influenced by the perception of nature in man-made environment. The present study is an applied research, and in terms of data type is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section (interview section) was 20 experts and specialists in the field of architecture in the academic section, who were selected by purposive sampling method, taking into account the saturation law. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes tourists and users of Prince Mahan Garden with an unknown number; Using Cochran's formula and random sampling method, and considering the infinite population, the sample size was 384 . In this study, in order to collect qualitative data, in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 20 architectural experts in the academic department. The purpose of this section was to identify the indicators in the interview. Then, by performing coding, a 40 -item questionnaire was used for quantitative use. The results showed components such as human design (design responsibility for physical, cultural, social, and user needs and creating the spirit of the place, functional design (design responsibility for meeting physical needs), design responsive to the principles of aesthetics Visual, environmental design (localization and reflection of bio-regionalism and natural ecology), sustainable design (responsibility for energy and natural resources) and safety and security on the desirability of the camp space, and sociability of the Prince Garden Are effective.

Tehran is one of the cities with a worn texture and some of its different neighborhoods are facing social anomalies caused by it. Therefore, the researcher, relying on the available documents and revealing the erosion of Atabak neighborhood, selected it as a case study to present its most important works for future studies and access to the most up-to-date situation in the neighborhood. Therefore, one of the most important objectives of this study is to investigate the most important social effects of renovation of worn-out tissue from the perspective of Atabak neighborhood residents. The research method is also applied in terms of practical purpose and based on compiling a researcher-made questionnaire and reviewing library documents. The researcher-made questionnaire measured the socio-cultural and economic components with emphasis on all the influential factors in the 50 main items and the sample size was selected using Cochran's formula for 377 citizens of the study area to be answered. Data analysis was performed using SPSS19 software and its tests. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by pre-testing with Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all criteria. The results indicate that the current social conditions of the study area are due to the effects of economic, managerial and other factors, and there is a favorable and significant relationship between each of them.

This paper discusses emerging research areas between the relationship between daylight design and the more fundamental areas of human interaction with the environment, and thus the relationships between the various disciplines centered around the human-centered perspective. Various research pathways, such as the visual and non-visual effects of light as well as the perceptual properties of daylight, are examined. As a research topic, daylight links itself to psychological, physical, and environmental factors, and addresses issues related to architectural design and building engineering, as well as human physiology and behavior. While daylight has a great impact on human health and well-being, it is related to the perceived quality of a space, which has a very dynamic and changing nature and is based on a combination of forecast (sun period) and random patterns (climate change), and this causes More attention can be paid to the challenging and necessary aspects of how a space is perceived. In this study, an attempt was made to provide an objective understanding of the factors affecting the concept of visual perception of light and its favorable and unfavorable effects, radiation, distribution, light reflection, how different effects of light levels and different views outside the window affect perception and comfort. Visually involved humans are evaluated. The results showed that the design basis in the category of achieving visual comfort can be combined in three areas of mental comfort, photobiological health and perceptual pleasure.

This study seeks to evaluate the correlation between the patterns of interactive behavior with the pattern of the physical environment and subsequently improve the quality of residential complexes. Open spaces between residential buildings are the bedrock for residents to connect with nature and to spend their leisure time outdoors and in the immediate vicinity of the house; therefore, it is necessary to review and pay special attention to the outdoor design of residential complexes as a common and collective yard in many modern residential types. Environmental theorists consider isomorphism to be more compatible with space and behavior. Also, paying attention to the position of behavioral sciences in urban design and planning and how space affects the occurrence of human behavior are among the items that need to be studied and reviewed conceptually and operationally in design. The main issue of this article is to explain the correlation between the pattern of interactive behavior and the pattern of the physical environment of open space in selected residential complexes in Kerman. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physicalbehavioral indices in the open space of three samples of selected residential complexes in Kerman and to improve the use of the environment by examining the effective outdoor components of residential complexes and achieving the desired open space by identifying the effect of behavioral And it is the physical environment and the capabilities of the environment. The main question in this study is what factors are effective in creating cinematic morphology in the selected residential complexes in the city of Kerman? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire and structural equation tests were used to measure the variables and research hypotheses using Amos 24 software. Findings indicate that the higher ratio of residential open space in the behavioral camp creates a significant explanation for the behavioral-physical components.

After several decades of public participation becoming one of the important principles of planning discourse, and the emergence of local and popular institutions such as the city council in the political and social structure of the country, the real role and position of this institution in the urban planning system It has not been determined and is facing many questions and ambiguities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the role and position of this institution in the urban planning system. Using content analysis of current laws and regulations and the results of surveys of citizens, city council members and academics with the method of qualitative and content analysis and interpretation of the findings, the necessary analysis was done and finally showed the results of the research; Despite the definition of the role and position of various and independent of the three powers (decision-making, supervisory, legislative, facilitator, etc.) for the city council institution by current laws, there are not enough legal requirements for the decisions of this institution and also the process of preparation and The approval of the plans has followed a centralist structure and no effective and decisive position has been defined for the local institution of the city council. Factors such as; Limited legal powers, lack of urban planning knowledge of council members, etc. have weakened the position of this institution in the urban planning system.

Vulnerability can be considered as an inherent defect in the specific dimensions of the urban environment, which is prone to damage due to its biological and physical characteristics or design characteristics. Examining the structures of a city and its micro-zoning of vulnerability From the point of view of passive defense, it is a step towards the future of a safe city. The problem of the present study is the challenge of vulnerability in urban structures from the perspective of passive defense and the expected modeling approach is to identify these infrastructures. The scope of the present study; The city of Ilam is in the center of Ilam province and as a support center for the war and the city is involved in the war. This research is based on the applied purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on the approach of spatial-model studies and indicators were identified in the form of 10 categories and using AHPFUZZY-GIS combined analysis weighting of distance maps for They were designed and standardized using the Inverse Distance Weighting tool. The FUZZY OVERLAY tool in ArcGIS software is used for spatial distribution and defense vulnerability assessment. The results show that in the study of the studied indicators, the index of law enforcement centers and warehouses with weights of 0.116 and 0.113 were identified as the most important indicators in the field of passive defense. In the zoning section of Ilam urban structures, the most sections The danger of attack was in the air attack and they were in a very vulnerable situation: 41.28 warehouses, 84.29, residential centers, 62.38 commercial centers, 35.32 administrative centers, 100 administrative centers, terminals and Health centers, 18/27 religious, 39/28 educational and 33.38 roads in this city. According to these results, it should be said that the situation of Ilam city is very unsuitable from the point of view of passive defense, especially for air attack, and in case of any attack, this city will face a serious problem.

Presenting a model of social participation model in sustainable development of urban neighborhoods (Case study of Tehran's District 6) One of the main factors of economic, political, social and cultural growth and development is social capital. Social capital is a multidimensional, multi-layered concept, in recent years, it has been discussed in various fields of social sciences, economics and political science. Given that social capital is a requirement of development (social and political) and the creation and promotion of social capital also requires trust and awareness and social participation. Based on this approach, it has been established that in this research, the participatory dimension of social capital has been analyzed and evaluated and the role and impact of urban management as the most tangible and closest component of governance to people's lives in attracting citizens' satisfaction with the services provided by urban management to them and in general, the outcome of the performance of urban management in creating and creating social participation in order to promote social capital and, consequently, the creation and development of development. In this regard, the importance of municipalities as a powerful and executive arm of urban management in the process of attracting participation and creating social capital for development should be emphasized. In this regard, while defining the characteristics of participation, social capital and development, she explains the relationship between social participation and its creation and promotion and impact on social capital, and also considers social capital as an influential factor on its development and sustainability.

Todays, communication technologies making it possible to extract knowledge from the minds of knowledge owners, which leads to the transfer it to rural areas and territories. By using of these technologies, it can be provide the knowledge of rural communities, improve and increase employment, and income of villagers in a structural framework. Also it can enable the creation of new economic knowledge by villagers. Now, the question is how information and communication technology has the necessary potential for economic development in rural areas? The statistical population of this study includes 25 villages in Rudbar Qasran area. The statistical sample was randomly selected using stratified sampling method based on the demographic traits of 5 villages (Imameh Bala, Rudak, Zaygan, Aminabad and Zardband). The sample size is 267 people. The research method of this study is descriptive-survey and the research is in applied type. Also the investigation tool is the questionnaire and observation. In both descriptive and inferential methods, SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results show that the development of information technology has not a significant relationship with the economic development of the village. According to the research findings, executive solutions such as providing institutional, administrative and economic services in the rural environment through ICT offices in the village, communication between officials and villagers through ICT offices for economic information are proposed.

Decentralization and local government formation is a complex and long process that works to increase the participation of all members of a community in the development process based on local capacities, capabilities and resources. In decentralization, the central government delegates decision-making power to local institutions whose managers are elected by the local people, but whose operation is under the control and supervision of the central government. In other words, decentralization refers to the relative authority of local governments to set goals, provide resources, and administer and implement public policies. One of the prerequisites for the success and sustainability of local government is the provision of revenue sources commensurate with the duties and responsibilities. In Iran, the adoption of a policy of financial independence from the government without defining new financial sources has created many problems and challenges for local institutions. The present study intends to study the problems of councils and municipalities in the field of revenue sources in addition to comparative studies, and finally to provide solutions in this regard. These include promoting transparency, accountability and accountability, increasing the share of municipalities in revenues from the VAT law, creating a sustainable municipal revenue system based on renovation tolls, and exploiting small businesses in the local economy.

Embezzlement as one of the major banking crimes that undermines public confidence in the government. It has been documented in various domestic and international documents and throughout history. However, there are differences between domestic and international contexts of anti-embezzlement, including the lack of criminalization of embezzlement in private institutions and banks, as well as the lack of foreseen judicial assistance mechanism. In the field of embezzlement, the lack of a clear explanation of the whistling rules on combating embezzlement in Iran's domestic law versus regionality to the international nature of anti-embezzlement law and the lack of guarantees of effective international performance to combat embezzlement..