مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال نهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of augmented reality technology based environmental literacy training program on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of high school students. The population of this study consisted of all high school students of Tehran who were studying in the year 1396-97. The sample was selected by non-random sampling method and divided into two groups of 20 (experimental and control groups). The research method was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest with control group). First, the environmental literacy test was used as a pre-test. Then the mobile tools were provided to the experimental group to perform augmented reality, and control group were presented in the traditional environment. After completing the teaching process in both groups, the environmental literacy questionnaire was used again, and its results were compared. Covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The results showed that environmental literacy education based on augmented reality technology had a positive effect on the knowledge, attitude and environmental behavior of high school students and it can be used as a useful tool in education.

Regarding to the role of higher education in the training of specialists, paying attention to environmental education in specialized fields, especially industries related to industry, is one of the responsibilities of this institution. However, in Iranian higher education, attention to such trainings is not desirable and in the curriculum of most disciplines, it is not considered. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the needs of environmental education for students of industrial engineering and industrial management. The research method is mixed exploratory-sequential and for this purpose, first with qualitative methods to study the needs and components of environmental education of the desired fields through interviews with 9 professors and content analysis of the topics of the desired fields in 8 universities in Other countries were discussed. Then, the components obtained from the qualitative stage were summarized and combined and provided to 60 experts for prioritization. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and Friedman test and the needs were prioritized. The results show that the components of knowledge and general issues of environment and industry and environmental considerations in the supply chain are in a higher priority than other components.

Education is a major factor in agricultural development. Specialist and researcher training is the most important factor in the development of organic farming. This manpower can include all the actors involved in this agricultural system. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the educational requirements of organic farming from the perspective of agricultural experts. The statistical population of this study was Experts of East Azarbaijan Agriculture Jihad Organization (N = 837). For this statistical population, using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 264 was determined. To reduce the error and the coverage of unanswered questionnaires, the number was increased to 310 and were studied by simple random sampling. Questionnaire was the main tool for data collection in this study. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by faculty members of Tehran University and its reliability was confirmed by ordinal theta coefficient. Factor analysis results showed that the factors affecting the educational requirements of organic farming development can be summarized in six policy, management, research, extension, agronomic and consumption factors. These factors together explained for 58 percent of the variance in the variables affecting the educational requirements of organic farming development. Based on the results, the establishment of training courses in Integrated Pest Management (IPM), agricultural marketing, agricultural entrepreneurship with organic farming focus, as well as further research on reducing the cost of producing organic products are suggested.

The educational methods used in the retraining program and improving the level of professional capability of the medical community are one of the concerns in the field of health for sustainable development and quality assurance of health services. Blended learning is a thoughtful integration of e-learning and face-to-face learning, which in the field of continuing education in the medical community can play a significant role in improving the country's health system by improving the quality and quantity of education. This research is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2019. To collect data, a combined method including three methods of documentary study, fuzzy Delphi, and survey was used. Sampling method was purposeful and 10 experts and scholars in the fields of continuing medical education and blended learning were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to achieve data saturation. To analyze the content, the qualitative content analysis was used in the first stage and fuzzy Delphi analysis in the second and third stages. At first, 218 initial codes were extracted, which were reduced to 78 codes after continuous review. The results of this qualitative research lead to the identification and introduction of 7 main dimension including institutional, educational management and resource support, technology and design, pedagogical, evaluation and feedback, ethics and learning templates for the continuing education model of the community based on blended learning as well as 28 components and 100 subcomponents. The results of this research can be considered by policy makers and planners in this field and can be used for sustainable development of community health.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors on improving the health, safety and environmental culture in sports facilities. The present study is a descriptive analytical study. The statistical population of the study includes managers who have a good knowledge of the field of health, safety and environment, who have a lot of experience and experience in the field of sports and sports facilities. Based on the bullet selection, 18 individuals were identified as the sample of the study. In the present study, in order to design the conceptual framework of the research, three-branch theory was used. The research questionnaire included a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed on TOPSIS method. Topsis method was used to prioritize these factors. All data analysis process was performed using BT TopSis SoLver software. the result showed monitoring of the behaviors and performance of staff and managers of sporting facilities in the HSE area was identified as the most important factor with the coefficient of 0.7945. Also, the results showed that fitting the description of occupations of employees and managers of sporting places with HSE goals with a coefficient of 0.8650 and considering the attitude and skills of HSE employees and managers at recruitment and employment with a coefficient of near 8388 other factors It was important to improve the HSE culture in sports venues.

The present study addresses the issue of spatial justice in the distribution of urban services in the neighborhoods from selected districts of Tehran. In this descriptive-analytical study, In the first part, some homogeneous neighborhoods were selected through K-means clustering. Afterward, once weighed by the Shannon entropy model, these neighborhoods were evaluated in terms of service distribution using the VIKOR model and then were ranked. Moreover, In the second part, citizens' quality of life in these neighborhoods was assessed by designing a questionnaire that used correlation and regression analysis to compare the distribution of services and quality of life. The two methods yielded different results for ranking of the neighborhoods, which showed that per capita quantification alone does not meet the needs of citizens to achieve sustainable neighborhoods. The obtained results indicated that the per capita services cannot lonely meet the citizens' needs and justice is indeed the allocation of services proportionate to the individuals' conditions. Therefore, meeting the citizens' needs requires appropriate mechanisms and planning that should be organized and handled by urban management.

The present study aims to investigate the existing status of environmental education in the second elementary school based on the components of environmental education. The methodology was the content analysis method of Entropy Shannon, which presents data processing in the context of content analysis with a new, quantitative and qualitative look. The content of the project was responsive (all 4th, 5th and 6th grade books), and 9 main components and 43 sub-components. The results of content analysis showed that out of a total of 848 pages of the fourth elementary books, in total (189) pages, and 895 pages of the fifth grade of primary books in total (127) pages and from 914 pages of the sixth grade books in elementary The total (127) pages related to the key concepts of environmental education, and among all the components of environmental education, the greatest attention was paid to the component of biodiversity in 36 pages and the least attention was paid to the ozone layer component in (0). The most The coefficient of importance is related to biodiversity components (0.26) and the lowest coefficient of importance of the component is the effect of growth of ozone layer (0). According to the results of content analysis, it can be concluded that the environmental education of this period is very low, while explicitly in the upstream documents the issue of the environment, the necessity and importance of preservation and ways of its conservation as one The underlying dimensions of development are discussed in different dimensions.

According to the preamble to the Statute of the International Criminal Court, international crimes are crimes that cause for concern the international community. Accordingly, four international crimes have been counted and specified in the statutes. This research, which is of analytical-descriptive type and with library-documentary method, seeks to provide a strategy for environmental protection.The environment is a common heritage of humanity, and almost all countries suffer as a result of the damage it suffers. Since the Rio 1992 Convention, which linked sustainable development to the environment, the importance of paying attention to the environment has increased. Consideration should be given to recognizing environmental crimes as international crimes so that the International Criminal Court can have jurisdiction over them.this study seeks to answer the question that considering the principle of sustainable development and its necessities, how is it possible to criminalize environmental crimes in the category of international crimes? In other words, how is it possible to develop the concept of international crime into environmental crimes? And what is the relationship between sustainable development and the environment? Research findings indicate that according to several provisions of the Rome Statute of 1998, it is possible to develop the concept of international crime not only to environmental crime but also to other crimes, so in order to make it operational, research efforts must be paved and environmental protection Institutionalized.

This study aims to get the idea from bird nesting and Rufous Hornero Nesting in order to adapt to climate and reduce its destructive effects in human architecture.as animals seek to build self-sustaining environment construction. therefore, according to the purpose of the research method, it is applied that based on the need for hypothesis from descriptive method to build the relationship between animal architecture and human architecture. of course, importing animal architecture to human architecture should be based on certain principles and rules that the concept of algorithm and algorithmic architecture with certain parameters it will provide the overall path without bias from the original purpose. at the end of the paper, is expected a desirable model that adapted to the various climate that resulted from the generalization of the architecture of birds and the Hornero Nest human architecture is through algorithmic architecture and can be used in building conditions with different climate to provide an appropriate answer. it is hoped that this research can pave the way for further research.

Regarding the negative effects of overuse of pesticides on human health and the environment, in recent years, sustainable and green methods for pests control especially biological control have been considered by many researchers. However, due to the existence of various barriers, the process of adoption and usage of biological control methods is very slow among farmers. Given the importance of the subject, the main purpose of this study was to analyze farmers’ barriers in using Habrobracon hebetor to control tomato Heliothis spp. in Tarom County. Methodologically, this study was a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of the study was 1666 tomato producers in Tarom County in Zanjan Province. Based on the Bartlett et al. (2001) formula, 330 producers were selected by the stratified sampling method for doing the study. A research-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and specialists. A pilot study was conducted to establish reliability of the instrument, which the calculated Cronbach alpha's coefficient for the main scale of questionnaire was appropriate (above 0.75). Collected data were analyzed using the SPSSWin22 software. The results of a factor analysis revealed that the farmers’ barriers in using Habrobracon hebetor to control tomato Heliothis spp. in Tarom County were categorized into five factors including, financial-economic barriers, psychological-social barriers, cognitive-informational weakness, supportive weakness and technical constraints and these factors, in total, explained 68.73% of variances of the barriers.