نشریه معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
پیاپی 33 (زمستان 1399)

Schools are the gathering place and places for the social activity of students and like the beating heart, are the centers for all forces, events, and the gathering place of values. They play an important social role in the collective life of students. As a place of communication, the school must have a wide range of qualities to allow people to interact and ultimately promote learning. The purpose of this article is to interpret and analyze the strategies and principles adopted to establish social interaction in school to promote learning by reviewing studies on the sociopetality of space. This is an applied research study in terms of purpose that uses descriptive-analytical methodology. The required data were collected using desk research and a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of a panel of experts, and the samples are randomly selected. The effective social interaction components were then analyzed and prioritized based on the questionnaire indicators using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The collected questionnaires were analyzed using the Expert Choice software. The results showed that the mental criteria had the highest importance coefficient and the physical criterion had the lowest importance coefficient. On the other hand, the prioritization of sub-indicicators showed that the sub-indicators of "length of stay" belonged to the behavioral criterion, and the sub-indicators of "accessibility of public space", such as class, belonging to the physical criterion, had the highest importance. The reason is that an improvement in these criteria will lead to greater student satisfaction and increased social interaction.

Nowadays, public transportation system, especially subway, is of particular importance in the world while its construction in the developing countries and Iran has been new, and unfortunately, there are no specific criteria for their construction in terms of spatial structure and design. Recently, in the construction process of most subway stations, quantity has been more considered than the quality, and proper design has been of low importance in accordance with what people want. One of the interior architecture's final purposes is creating a unique man-made environment. The current study identifies people's visual preferences in the interior space of the subway station based on Kaplan’s information processing theory, consisting of legibility, coherence, complexity, and mystery. Using a survey-quantitative research method, the visual and textual questionnaires were completed by the statistical samples, including 306 people in the six stations of Tabriz subway line 1. The relationship between the research variables and the influential factors in the visual preferences of subway passengers was analyzed using SPSS software. According to the obtained results regarding the interior space of the stations, the spatial structure of mystery obtained the maximum preference and the spatial structure of coherence gained the minimum preference among the four spatial configuration. Soft form, indirect and cold lighting, warm and neutral colors combination, the combination of brick, wood, and glass were identified as the influential physical features in the design of the subway stations. However, regular form, direct lighting, bright colors, and a combination of stone, ceramics, and glass were identified as less influential physical features in this design. The obtained criteria and patterns regarding subway design and spatial structures can be applied as a tool by managers, urban designers, and urban railway organization.

Iranian cities enjoyed a particular identity and character in the past while currently, the collapse of the identity, especially in the old centers and historical contexts of the cities, is one of the main concerns of the design. Due to the formation of mental images and clear and accurate cognitive maps of the environment throughout history, it is considered a tool to achieve internal representation of the environment. The current study was conducted to deduce the perceptual similarities and their effect on the physical identity of the neighborhood to the adaptation of the physical identity of four districts of the Davachi Neighborhood to the citizens’ cognitive maps. The current study was analytical-descriptive research. The information collection methods were library and field research, the questionnaire, and the cognitive mapping technique. To analyze the data, the statistical-analytical methods, such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and overlapping cognitive maps to deduce the findings. The research findings indicated the effect of the cognitive map elements in shaping the physical identity of the neighborhood. The received score of the elements of the cognitive maps in the formation of the mental images in Davachi 3, Davachi 1, Davachi 4, and Davachi 2 districts, respectively, were consistent with the urban experts’ scoring to the components of the physical identity in four districts of the neighborhood. Studying the cognitive maps in the formation of the neighborhood is an introduction for the managers, urban planners, decision-makers, and whoever plays a role in the construction of the city to build a city whose identity features are desirable and responsive.

Although reusing buildings has always been considered throughout the history of architecture, this concept was raised as one the most effective methods of conversation and achieving sustainable development since the 1960s. While preserving the cultural heritages, subsequently, the history and identity of the society, this approach provides a ground for meeting people's daily needs. Also, using this approach leads to preserving the buildings for the next generations while keeping them away from being abandoned and useless. Despite the numerous experiences in this regard, many adaptive reuse projects do not achieve the success desired by designers because the building capacity to accept the new function or the functional needs of its surrounding environment is not given enough attention. Therefore, the current paper sought to present a proper method for decision-making by considering the influential components in this process. This study applied a mixed approach, the logical reasoning strategy, and content analysis in the qualitative part, based on the library resources and relevant international conventions, re-reading and analyzing the influential factors and criteria in the adaptive reuse approach. Thus, it prioritized the influential criteria in the adaptive reuse process to assign the educational land use to the building using the experts' and specialists' opinions, the Multi-Criteria Decision Making method (MCDM), and Super Decision Software. In this regard, based on the survey of experts, three historical monuments, including Darolfunun School, Etehadieh Historical House, and Negarestan Museum Garden, were selected as the proposed options for the School of Conservation and Restoration to be assessed and ranked based on the stated criteria. Finally, after assessing the final scores and presenting the most appropriate building to meet the considered functional need, the weaknesses and strengths of the selected option were investigated in the reuse process. The current study attempted to study another way of the reuse approach by raising the proper space to assign to the considered function through which the feasibility and capacity assessment of several valuable historical and cultural monuments to assign the considered land use was done based on the extracted criteria. The significance of these criteria was also considered based on the required uses (educational use).

One of the most significant reasons for Iranian architecture failure is the lack of knowledge and applying innovation in novel structural systems technology in the design process. The architect must utilize the capabilities of new architecture, which requires his/her skill in the creative application of the modern structural systems in the design process. The purposive education of the novel structures course and its effective and functional application in the design process seems necessary to improve the skills in the architecture schools. The current research aims to explain the efficient educational solutions to improve architectural design skills based on design learning and structural novel technologies. This scientific approach is a reciprocal result of developing the ability to design and adopt a constructivist approach in the interactive learning of architecture students. In this regard, the current study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of integrity and interface in the simultaneous integration of the new structures in the students' architectural design skills. The main research question is how to transfer practical and effective design-based learning of new structures in the architecture workshop and increase the design skill components. The research method is a sequential mixed method based on a quasi-experimental strategy. The research test was conducted in two phases of the pilot trial in the architectural design workshop as an interactive constructive learning environment. The statistical population of research consisted of third-semester master students of Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, in three groups consisting of 15 people. One group was the main group, and two others were selected as the control group. The research data were collected based on the main components of research, and sequential tests were analyzed based on review criteria. The research findings in the pilot trial indicate that simultaneous learning of the novel structures in the commonplace of design atelier practically leads to the improvement of the main components of the design skills. It can also be employed as a practical pattern in the workshops of architecture schools.

The quantitative aspects of housing have long been considered by the designers and policymakers of low-income housing. However, qualitative aspects and the residents' role in determining these aspects were neglected in many studies. The uniform housing in different regions, constructing the minimum housing disregarding the cultural differences and considering economic issues rather than paying attention to the qualities of life indicates the minimum consideration of the qualitative aspects of these cultural groups' housing. One of the qualitative concepts considered by the housing researchers is “the meaning of housing” from residents’ points of view and identifying its determining components in the behavioral-environmental studies. Given the significance of meaning in establishing a relationship between the individual and the built environment, the current study considered the relationship between the individuals and the meaningful attributes of the environment and assessed the meaning of housing by identifying the meaning of the attributes of the internal space of housing and relationship between the individuals and these attributes. Thus, the case study was implemented in the 168-unit Mehr Housing Project of Andisheh, Ardebil. The current research utilized the “meaning structure method” as the research approach of the qualitative study using photography technique, field research, and semi-structured laddering interview. The research conceptual model described the consequences and meanings ruling the characteristics in the form of “attribute, latent function, the manifest function” using the means-end model of Gutman (1982) and levels of meaning of Rapaport (1988). The theoretical saturation determined the number of samples, interviews, and receiving data to ensure the required information. According to the hierarchal value map, the housing attributes were affected by “pleasant life”. Other consequences provided the meanings such as “social relations”, “independence”, “privacy”, “connection with nature” in the housing. The results also emphasized the fundamental values of the residents and the latent meanings regarding these attributes while presenting a structured framework to study the meaning of the housing attributes.

Paying attention to the human-environment relationship in environmental psychology and realizing the higher levels of sense of place through the architectural design process enjoy significant importance in the current society, especially due to the poor quality of the public spaces. Since the environmental perception and creating the sense of place are different in each culture, designing in each environment requires understanding the dominate culture. Therefore, the main question of the research is: How do the socio-cultural factors affect the perception and recognition process of the sense of place physical components in public spaces? Also, how can their effects be studied in an explanatory model? Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the realization of the sense of place in public spaces, considering the culture as a moderator variable and adapting the physical factors of these spaces with the perceptual-cognitive aspects of the mind and present the result as a model. Afterward, this model would be validated in case studies. The current research is applied-developmental one in terms of purpose. In the first phase, the research is conducted using the analytical-descriptive method and results in an explanatory model by investigating the previous researchers’ theories. In the next stage, the current study is completed statistically using the field approach and surveying the opinions of the users in the case studies. The research results reflect how the sense of place process is formed and how its higher levels are realized from the moment an individual is in the place with an emphasis on the impact of the socio-cultural mainstreams in an explanatory model. In which, the specific impact on perceiving the physique appropriate to the various personal features of the users results in creating different levels of sense of place in public spaces. Therefore, considering the effect of the cultural component, it is possible to achieve different degrees of physical factors preferences in users of each specific region. Then, by considering the cultural factors, users' preference of physical factors of the place in any region, can be reached. Also, with concerning the analysis result, and applying them in public spaces, it is possible to achieve a high level of sense of place, increase the quality of life and compensate for the identity crisis of today's societies.

Every art-work has a different perceptual aspect that is related to some issues such as aesthetic perception and knowledge of users. The important point is how users get that and the difference between architectural perception and users that is a controversial issue in modern architecture and cause disagreement between users and designers. According to the importance of vernacular architecture and the need to adapt to its pattern with modern architecture, this paper aimed to evaluate principles of visual Gestalt and aesthetics between users and designers (non-experts and experts1) in the traditional live district in Dezful city in Iran. The methodology of this research is combined with descriptive-surveying methods and field and library studies. So, a semi-structural interview by using a targeted questionnaire was distributed to the experts and non-experts to quantify the differences, and by describing and analyzing these data by SPSS statistical software, the root of the differences between these groups was identified. Due to the analysis of the data, besides searching, studying, and being in that district, two types of questionnaires between users and designers have been used. The result of this study shows that in the ancient city of Dezful, the opinions of experts and users also differ in terms of aesthetic perception so that for users, shape, and context, and experts, symmetry is the first principle. So unexpectedly, it can be argued that sensible visual Gestalt principles, such as symmetry and closure for experts, are of the highest importance, while these principles are of less importance to the user group. The findings of this study made it possible to compare the views and opinions of people and experts. It makes clear the difference between the perception criteria of those who create the landscape and the people who are confronted with and live in the environment.

Buildings are established to meet the needs and desires of users. The purpose of a building is defeated if its users are not satisfied by the overall building performance. Educational buildings and their environment as centers of progression and innovation are not an exception. The high-quality outdoor spaces of campuses are important for increasing the users’ satisfaction. Frequently ignored in texts on campus planning and design, the outdoor spaces deserve far greater attention than they have yet received. This study determines whether the users of the Shiraz University Eram campus are satisfied with overall performance attributes and whether the developed POE could be used as a performance evaluation tool in Shiraz universities’ outdoor spaces. The users-based assessment shows that the potential for improving the performance of campus is great. This paper develops a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) framework that integrates open space performance attributes for university campuses and facilities in the city of Shiraz, Iran, based on users’ satisfaction. The objectives were to identify the concept of POE in relation to campus performance, to determine the performance level of the outdoor spaces, and the correlation between campus performance and users’ satisfaction level. The methodology of this study is adopting an integrated approach in the process of evaluation by combining relevant indicators and variables, retrieved from reviewed literature. All these aspects are molded into the methodology of POE using two surveys (experts’ rating and users’ satisfaction surveys). Results showed that a significant relationship exists between the campus performance and the users’ satisfaction. The correlational results confirmed the relevance of POE as a performance evaluation tool. The findings indicate that the indicators and variables used in assessing the level of campus open space performance are significant in determining levels of users’ satisfaction in university campuses and facilities.

Given the importance of considering the residents' satisfaction of residential complexes, especially children, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental quality of these complexes architecture related to residential satisfaction. In recent years, construction of high-rise residential complexes in the context of villa houses in Tonekabon city has been increasing and this issue often has affected young people who are in the intellectual period of their life. Hence, the article seeks to study the residential satisfaction indices within a specific age range focusing on gender (male) and evaluates the components affecting it. This work is done by analyzing the prominent features of formal operational age range (11-15 years old) and separating the mental and concrete attributes of the community members in newly built residential complexes of Karimabad district of Tonekabon city. This descriptive-analytical study is a kind of applied research that used mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method, and descriptive method has been used in parts of theoretical views and review of previous studies. To achieve the casual relationships and recognition of the correlation and relations among variables and indices, analytical survey method is applied. In this regard, in addition to the interview, a closed-ended questionnaire has been applied as well. The results show that among the set of factors affecting residential satisfaction, mental and idealistic dimensions more than concrete dimensions are considered and selected by the children and it is noteworthy that although the children have an abstract view in the formal operational age stage and their thoughts lead to idealism, concrete components are not ignored in the eyes of idealist children.

The current paper attempted to recognize the historical city of Isfahan based on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach to investigate the key foundations of the formation and continuity of this city over time. The qualitative approach was used to achieve this purpose. Also, the historical-interpretive method was utilized to reread the evolution of Isfahan overtime by written resources based on its natural and cultural foundations. Indigenous knowledge, religion and faith, mysticism, and philosophy were investigated as the constituent components of the culture to analyze the foundation of culture. The research results indicated that nature and religion were two main foundations in the HUL of Isfahan that must be the center of each conservation measure or plan to achieve holistic conservation. Also, external cultural attraction and internal cultural repulsion were revealed as two influential factors in a HUL. Accordingly, it was explained that each conservation and development plan in the city must be implemented in accordance with its main constituent cultural and natural foundations to overcome the possible conservation and development challenges effectively. Based on the results of this paper, it was revealed that the planning in the conservation of the historical city of Isfahan must be based on the conservation of religion and nature. It requires that the atomistic approach to the constituent elements of the city, such as historical monuments and urban spaces, which is currently the main paradigm in the conservation and development strategies, must be directed to the conservation of its main constituent foundations.

Hospitality is an inseparable concept of Iranian-Islamic life. In the past, the physical-spatial context of Iranian homes provided a decent opportunity to meet this social need. The result of gradual change of Iranian homes has been the initial problem of adapting the spatial structure of contemporary housing to hospitality in Iranian culture. In this article hospitality is assumed as a positive value in the Iranian culture. The purpose of this research is to explain how to provide the physical context for supporting hospitality in contemporary apartment units, without a formal copying of the physical form of traditional Iranian homes. The main question is, which of the functional-behavioral, physical-environmental and cognitive-semantic features of the Iranian traditional homes have provided the context of Iranian house hospitality? How can these features affect hospitality in today's modern apartment units? Hospitality has been analyzed with three features, including cognitive-semantic, functional-behavioral, and physical-environmental, in three layers of “welcome-convoy”, “settlement” and “entertaining-services”. A comparative analysis of hospitality in Iranian homes has been done by selecting samples from Tehran in a chronological order. Based on this analysis, the defined spatial layers for welcoming the guest, and related spatial domains help the continuity of hospitality in the Iranian traditional houses. The hierarchy of the Iranian home spaces play an essential role in distinguishing and combining home spaces for hospitality. These two factors can be related in two mutual concepts of privacy (the distinction between territories) and flexibility (the combination of territories). Achieving to proper physical-spatial quality of apartment units for hospitality, is a good response to the initial assumption of research, on the values of family relationships and stay in touch with others in the intimate space of the home.

Most spaces are designed and created based on the visual perception of humans, and blind people are less able to use such spaces. The abundance of formalism in works, educational systems, and architectural presentation methods practically indicates the specific focus on the architects' eyesight. Indeed, in contrast to this perspective - with people like Schultz and Pallasmaa - a phenomenological perspective was proposed, which does not reflect objectivism and one of its important functions, eyesight dominance. Accordingly, in order to approach the required context for multisensory design and phenomenology, which is considered a departure from eyesight-orientation in architecture, the current study aims to answer the question that whether blind people have more active senses in comparison with normal people to be able to guide the multisensory design. The research hypothesis is considering the stimuli of the recipient organ in non-visual perceptual systems that can have a positive effect on achieving the above goal. The descriptive-analytical method and SPSS software were used for ANOVA and Tukey tests. In this regard, three groups of 12 blind people, normal people with open eyes, and normal people with closed eyes (36 in total) were studied in Tehran. This study investigated the multisensory perception difference in four components of “Navigation”, “Hearing”, “Sense of Touch”, and “sense of smell and taste” by observation while moving and mapping on the map. The results indicate the obvious difference in the activity of the non-visual perception systems of the blind people in comparison with other groups. Also, the findings show that the understanding of blind people of the city can have active participation in evaluating the site, as a significant introduction to the multisensory designs, through perceiving more than three senses of “touch”, “hearing”, “smell, and taste”, respectively.

Intervention in historic buildings to adapt them to new uses may in some cases be inconsistent with aspects of their authenticity as a cultural heritage. Evaluation of these adaptations is essential to judge the appropriateness of interventions or to ensure the correctness of decisions for future actions. Despite the spread of such experiences in the country, there is still no formal and comprehensive evaluation system in place. In order to achieve the desired goals, depending on the situation, different models are used in designing and implementing evaluations. With this in mind, the present paper addresses the following questions: What factors influence compilation of an evaluation model and how? And what is the evaluation model in accordance with the conditions of historic buildings adaptation experiences in Iran? To answer these questions, in the framework of qualitative content analysis method, document review and logical reasoning were used in data collection and analysis. Evaluation literature indicates that the selection of appropriate approaches and compiling the model of evaluations is depending on factors arising from the evaluand nature and evaluation context. At this stage, the approach selection model was developed, considering the possible situations of the effective factors. In the next step, after identifying evaluation situations in historic buildings adaptation experiences and challenges facing them, especially in Iran, the status of the factors influencing determination of design and implementation approaches was investigated. Studies showed that determining the status of some factors depends on the case and is unpredictable. therefore, it is not possible to suggest a predetermined model for evaluations. In conclusion, based on the probable status of factors, usable approaches are presented as a framework which can help compiling an evaluation model that fits the context of historic buildings adaptation experiences in Iran and the specific characteristics of each project.

Gonbad (dome) is one of the most important forms in Islamic mosques. Major research on gonbad has explored its shape and decoration and researchers don’t have enough attention on the effect of climate on dome's shape. The researchers are trying to find a climatic effect in the form of a dome in Iran. The main variable of the research is the dome shape and radiation amount which received by the sun. Three regions of Iran, (Isfahan, Urmia and Qazvin) were selected. By Energy Plus simulation, four old mosques: shah mosque (Imam Mosque of Isfahan), Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Masjed-al-Nabi Qazvin and the jame Mosque of Urmia is studied. At the beginning, domes of mosques were modeled some software like as Reino5 and Revit2017. The annual radiation exposure was recorded on the warmest day of the year, at 14, 16 and 18 pm. This measurement was performed using the Energy-Plus software of the Rhino software under the Honey-Bee and Lady-Bug plugins. The results show that with increasing dome surface, the heat absorption of the radiation is increased and in the shadow range, domes with high altitude in hot and dry climate perform better. Domes with a high contact surface in the cold climate are suitable for receiving high radiation. Creating a dome on the “Gariv” increases the shadow on the dome surfaces. The shape and type of dome arch (ghoos) used in each climate are based on the thermal conditions and the amount of sunlight absorption required throughout the year. It can be said that the shape of the dome in Iran has varied according to the climate.

Investigating and analyzing the relationship between people's behavior patterns and the structure of space designer in the urban area Since both are considered as important dimensions, a conceptual-analytical framework needs to be identified so that researchers can base their explanation on the effect of the spatial organization on the shape in different urban spaces. Behavioral patterns of citizens. This research is of descriptive-analytical type, which is firstly collected by studying books and scientific articles (through methods such as scanning and text reading). In this research, the framework for analyzing the spatial organization in order to determine the relationship between space configuration and behavior patterns using the UNA technique is used and the different texture of the two neighborhoods and the lessons using the indicators that can be evaluated with this technique. Is evaluated. The main question of the present research is that what is the effect of the differences in the local space organization on the behavior patterns of the citizens? It needs to be explained that this research is not hypothesized. The results of this study emphasize the undeniable impact of physical environment and physical structure of the environment on the spatial behavior of individuals, and states that the degree of impact and the formation of spatial behavior of individuals, the internal characteristics and personality of each and the five senses And mental images depend on the environment. Physical structure creates a quality in space that affects the spatial behavior of individuals in that space. In fact, in each environment the formation of the spatial behavior of individuals is different.

Increasing population growth and urban development as one of the most important realities of today's life requires the provision of a variety of services, facilities and more urban infrastructure for citizens. As a result of the increasing population and development of urban environments, capacity reduction or early depreciation of infrastructure is considered as one of the greatest challenges of urban management. In large cities, there are wide networks of facilities such as water, electricity, gas, telecommunications and sewage, the construction, renovation and repair operations, in addition to financial costs for drilling operations, traffic and environmental problems of which make the city look undesirable. Therefore, in order to deal with the challenges of transferring vital facilities of big cities, as well as increasing safety, efficiency and longevity, the use of common utility tunnels of urban facilities has been proposed as a solution for mayors and city managers. These tunnels are a huge structure for integrating important facilities such as electrical grids, telecommunications, water, sewage and gas pipes. Despite the large number of streets and highways, many cities in Iran are not equipped with a common utility tunnel, due to its main technical, operational and financial constraints. The purpose of this study is to identify the management barriers for the implementation of a common utility tunnel using a method of analyzing them in Tehran at five stages that are policy and decision making, planning and design, financing, implementation, operation and maintenance. The results of the research by using qualitative research of thematic analysis of 22 semi-structured interviews data based on MAXQDA software showed that the main obstacles identified in the policy and decision making and planning and design stages which strongly influence other stages.

The neighborhood has long found its social dynamism dependent on its spaces and places. On the one hand, it seems that the interactions and relationships of the residents are formed in the public spaces of the neighborhood, and on the other hand, the public spaces of the neighborhood find their identity from the existing social life. Hence, differences between the functional structure of neighborhoods can lead to changes in neighborhood social capacities.The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between Functional dimension of urban design and components of social capital in Tehran. In a descriptive-correlational design, 300 residents of the Saadatabad, Naziabad and the Narmak neighborhoods were selected by simple random sampling and answered a self-regulatory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the all components of functional dimension and social capital in general.The mixed land use dimension had the most relationship with social capital and the use of space in responding to the needs and efficiency of the network and comfort in space were in the next ranks. Regarding the relationship between the components of functional dimension and social capital by neighborhood, the results showed that Saadatabad neighborhood had the lowest relationship and Naziabad and Narmak neighborhood had the highest relationship. Assessing these relationships can help urban planners- Sociology and urban manager to provide solutions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of urban public spaces and interventions to increase social capital.

Explanation of city Power and Its impacts on Tehran Development Process Abstract: City as an entity can have power sources and interfere on urban policies and decisions in macro and micro levels. These interventions are based on sets of dominant rules in political, economic, Sociocultural and physical dimensions and knowledge which is formed by accumulation of historical process of development and relations between micro-macro levels of power within city. This process leads us to think about particular conception of”Urban Power” and distinguish it from other similar concepts like power within city and urban stakeholder’s power. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize “urban power” as a new factor in urban policy making, planning and implementing programs and understand its support or resistance on urban development processes. The problem of this research is defective understanding of a city as a powerful and influential entity in urban development processes. In order to address this problem based on analystical-describtive method, we review current literature and after that conceptualize “urban power” and then we show some examples of urban power’s manifestation in Tehran. The results indicate that it is necessary urban managers and administrators recognize urban power as a new factor in urban policy making, planning and implementing programs. Understanding the impact of urban power on urban development processes gives new lens to the urban managers and administrators on issues that are relevant to their duties and authorities that they can use. Key words: Urban Power, dominant rules, city knowledge , urban stakeholder’s power, urban development process, Tehran

The rapid growth of urbanisation and irregular urban development in recent decades have made numerous problems for cities and their distress fabrics. These problems together and especially the feeling of low social security have given rise to less attendance and interactions of people in Mashhad's urban distress areas and consequently the vitality and livability of those fabrics have started decreasing as well. Livability is one of the essential ideas of contemporary urban planning which accessing social security to make a more tolerable and desirable living area for residents, is considered as one of its vital principles. Ansar neighbourhood in Mashhad is considered as one of these distress fabrics which due to the existence of many vacant and demolished lands, and its general distress is encountered with many different problems in case of security, vitality and the attendance of people in urban spaces. Hence, current study tends to study the impact of security feeling on the livability of Ansar neighbourhood in Mashhad with an emphasis on CPTED. The method of this study is descriptive – analytic and for collecting data documental studies, and questionnaires are used. The statistical society is the residents of Ansar which among them, about 370 residents have been chosen randomly for the sample society. Data analysis has been conducted through statistical tests and SWOT analysis. Results indicate that the livability and security of Ansar neighbourhood are unpleasant. Among livability's and security's indexes, in sequence interaction and tendency to surveillance are the most desirable and satisfaction and trust to managers and calmness are the least desirable indexes. Results also suggest that the increase of security among residents leads to the boost of liability as well. With regarding the conducted analysis, the general strategic orientation for improving the livability of Ansar neighbourhood is Mini-Maxi strategy.