نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال نهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 57، اسفند 1399)

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between teacher-student relations and traditional education with anxiety and depression among girlschr('39') students with mediating role of shame and guilt. In regard to the purpose, this research was applicable and in regard to procedure, it was a correlation study. The study community included all middle and high school girlschr('39') students of Rasht City in 2019-2020, that among them 250 students selected as samples by available sampling. Research questionnaires included: student-teacher relationship (2001), traditional education questionnaire (2019), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (2007), The Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire  (2015), and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (2013). Path analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the teacher-student relationships directly and indirectly by mediating the role of shame and guilt predict depression and anxiety. It can conclude that the teacher-student relationship plays a critical role in student Mental health; And a meaningful, caring, supportive, and empathetic relationship between teacher and student can play an important follow-up role in the occurrence of subsequent injuries.

The Exercise Causality Orientations Scale-2 (ECOS-2) has been designed to evaluate causality orientations in exercise based on the Self Determination Theory. The purpose of this research was to determine the reliability and validity of ECOS-2 in women of Mashhad. 402 women entered the study using the convenience sampling method and completed ECOS-2. The Confirmatory factor analysis result demonstrated that ECOS-2 has acceptable construct reliability and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for scale and subscales have an acceptable level. Therefore, the ECOS-2 has good validity and reliability in the Iranian women sample. The other finding of this study was that women with a long background of exercise scored higher in autonomy orientation. The findings of this study can be used in research and intervention to increase physical activity in women.

The growing body of research has focused on the important role of academic engagement. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between basic psychological needs and academic engagement by considering the mediating role of intrinsic motivation. This research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of all students at the University of Kashan in 2020. Multistage random sampling was used to select 331 students. The data collection instruments were Reeve & Tseng Engagement Questionnaire, Gagné Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and Harterchr('39')s scale of academic motivation. Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed a positive significant relationship between academic engagement, basic psychological needs, and intrinsic motivation (p < 0.01). In addition, the proposed model had a good fit. Moreover, path analysis results indicated that basic psychological needs had a significant effect on academic engagement, and intrinsic motivation mediated this relationship. The findings indicate that the fulfillment of basic psychological needs can help students develop their sense of intrinsic motivation, increasing student engagement in learning activities. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the development of programs and the revision of educational methods for improving academic engagement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on loneliness and social competence in girl adolescents with symptoms of nomophobia. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of female high school students (2020-2019) in Kashan. 40 students with the highest score in the nomophobia questionnaire were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. the nomophobia questionnaire )Yildirim & Correia, 2015), socio-emotional loneliness questionnaire (DiTommasso, Brannen & Best, 2004), and social competence questionnaire (Parandin, 2006) were used to collect data. life skills training program was performed in 10 sessions of 1.5 hours for the members of the experimental group. In order to analyze the data, a multivariate analysis of covariance test was used. the results showed that life skills training has reduced the loneliness and increased social competence in students with nomophobia) p<0/001). According to the results of the present study, it is suggested that the life skills training program be included in the curriculum of students with nomophobia.

The purpose of this study was to prepare a Persian version of the Personality Style and Disorder Inventory )Kuhl & Kazén, 2009) and to examine its psychometric properties among university students. Among all students of Tehran, Al-Zahra University and Tehran Azad University (Central Branch) in the academic year 2020-2020, 285 people were selected using the convenience sampling method and completed the Persian version of the Personality Style and Disorder Inventory. Data were analyzed using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha indices, composite reliability, content validity index, content validity ratio and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for all subscales was higher than 0.60 and the combined reliability of the test was 0.89. The content validity ratio was more than 64% and the content validity index was more than 89%, which indicated the appropriate content validity of the scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor load of the items is more than 0.3 and all paths from items to the hidden variable were significant at the level of 0.001 and the scale has good construct validity. Given the desirable psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Personality Style and Disorder Inventory, its use can be recommended to experts in the field of psychology and counseling in research and diagnostic situations.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effective solution-focused approach and motivational interviewing on situational emotions and interpersonal conflicts in probationary students. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population consisted of undergraduate probationary students at the University of Zanjan during the academic year of 2018-2019 whom 60 were selected through a stratified sampling method and assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups (20 members in each group). The first experimental group received nine sessions of the solution-focused approach and the second experimental group received five sessions of motivational interviewing (one session of 120 minutes per week), but the control group received no intervention. The short form of situational emotions scale (Randler et al., 2011) and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (Barkham, Hardy & Startup, 1996) were used for data collection. The results of data analyzed using MANCOVA showed that the solution-focused approach was more effective than motivational interviewing on interpersonal conflicts and motivational interviewing was more effective than the solution-focused approach on situational emotions (P<0.05).  Based on the results of the present study, the solution-oriented approach and motivational interview can be used to improve the academic performance of probationary students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness skills on psychological well-being and life satisfaction in girl students with divorced parents. This study was a quasi-experimental clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all-girl high school students in districts 1 and 2 of Rasht. Thirty students with divorced parents were selected using the purposeful method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Mindfulness techniques were taught weekly in eight 60-minute sessions and its effect was evaluated using Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Ryff, 1995) and Student Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 2001). analysis covariance was used to analyze data. The results showed that mindfulness training increases studentschr('39') psychological well-being and life satisfaction (p <0.05). According to the results of the present study, mindfulness techniques can be used to improve psychological well-being and life satisfaction in students with divorced parents.

Cancer as a negative stressor has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of patients. This necessitates psychological interventions in these patients, so the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on cancer fatigue and self-care behaviors of cancer patients. The method of the present study was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test according to its subject. The statistical population of the present study also included all patients referred to the non-governmental oncology center of Urmia in the period of April and May 2016. From the statistical population, a sample of 30 cancer patients (15 in the experimental group - 15 in the control group) was selected based on the input criteria by available sampling method and randomly assigned between the experimental and control groups. For data collection, Okoyama et al.chr('39')s (2000) cancer fatigue questionnaire and self-care behaviors questionnaire in researcher-made cancer patients were used. The experimental group experienced compassion-based therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Both groups then responded to the measurement tools after the sessions. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the difference between the mean scores of fatigue due to cancer and self-care behaviors after compassion-focused treatment compared to the control group was significant (P ≥0/001). Compassion-based therapy reduced cancer-induced fatigue and increased self-care behaviors. It is recommended to use compassion-focused therapy to improve cancer fatigue and patientschr('39') self-care behaviors along with other interventions.

The aim of the present study was to predict obsession and compulsion symptoms based on anxiety sensitivity, psychological distress, and psychological flexibility in students. The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all male and female students of Semnan University, from which 311 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. In this study, the Obsessive-compulsive Disorder scale (Foa et al, 2002), the anxiety sensitivity index (Rice and Patterson, 1987), the second version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond et al, 2011), and the depression, anxiety and stress scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis. Results showed that the dimensions of anxiety sensitivity, psychological resilience, and dimensions of psychological distress were significantly correlated with obsession and compulsion symptoms (P≤0.01). Regression results also showed that psychological distress, anxiety sensitivity, and psychological resilience explained 31%, 35%, and 36% of the variance of obsession and compulsion symptoms, respectively. Finally, these three variables simultaneously explained 37% of the variance of the obsession and compulsion symptoms. Considering the important role of psychological flexibility, anxiety sensitivity, and dimensions of psychological distress in predicting obsession and compulsion symptoms in students, it is recommended to design interventions based on these variables to improve the quality of life of this group of people.

The aim of the current project was to study the effectiveness of cognitive training of hope promotion on basic psychological needs satisfaction of male students with bullying behavior in high school. It’s a semi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with the control group. By using the purposeful sampling method the samples were selected in Urmia City in 2018-2019. Therefore, after the implementation of the Olweuschr('39') Bully/Victim inventory (1996) and the screening by the schoolchr('39')s officials, 30 students who were classified as bullies, were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group equally. The experimental group received cognitive training of hope promotion (Magyar-Moe, 2009) for two months in eight 90-minute sessions. The measurement tools were basic psychological needs Questionnaires (Deci & Ryan, 2000) that were filled by the participants in the pretest and posttest stages. The results of covariance analysis revealed improvement of the components of basic psychological needs in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings indicated that cognitive training of hope promotion might be recommended as a useful component of empowerment programs for school counselors and educators in the education domain.

Identity is an essential factor in the decisions that people make in their lives. Early memories as recorded parts in peoplechr('39')s minds, are examples of childhood experiences closely related to family functioning. These factors underlie the formation of peoplechr('39')s identity styles. The present research was a qualitative study with the phenomenological method. The statistical population was the students of Allameh Tabatabachr('39')i University in Tehran in 2018-2019, 40 of whom entered the study by purposive sampling. Data were collected through Identity Styles Questionnaire (Berzonsky, 1992) and interviews about early memories and family functioning based on the McMaster model of family functioning. Data analysis was performed according to the phenomenological approach and Klaizi method. Findings were categorized into main and secondary themes focusing on the three themes of primary memories, family functioning, and identity styles with sub-themes specific to each. According to the study results, it can be said that early childhood memories and family functioning can be essential factors in the formation of identity styles. Therefore, the implementation of individual and group educational programs for parents on how to regulate family performance will be effective in raising children with appropriate identity styles.

Negative hallucination refers to a specific phenomenon that often occurs in both daily life and clinical treatment. This phenomenon indicates a very virtual and at the same time obvious absence, and implicitly refers to unexpressed emotions and unusual experiences that are influenced by negative emotions. This phenomenon was first identified by Sigmund Freud and Sandor Francis as part of the psychiatric spectrum and has since been studied mainly by Andre Green, especially in the work of the negative. The focus of this article will be more on Greenchr('39')s statements about negative hallucination as a consequence of the paradox of the negative hallucination regarding the representation of the unrepresentable absence. The purpose of this article is a theoretical review of the concept of negative hallucination in different theories and approaches in order to familiarize mental health professionals with this concept. It is hoped that by increasing knowledge about this concept, more detailed research will be provided to assess and treat it.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between school culture and academic achievement, basic psychological needs, and academic self-regulation in students. This is a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the study was all secondary high school students in the Lashar region (Sistan and Baluchestan province). 323 students entered the study by stratified random sampling method. Data collection instruments were school culture (Alexander & Sadh, 1997), basic psychological needs (Guardia, Desi & Ryan, 2000), and academic self-regulation (Bouffard, Boisvert, Vezeau & Larouche, 1995) questionnaires. Grade Point Average was used to measure academic achievement. Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The finding showed that school culture has a positive and significant relationship with academic achievement (r=0.558), basic psychological needs (r=0.699), and academic self-regulation (r=0.581). Also, school culture has been able to predict 31.8%, 50.5%, and 34.7% of the variance of academic achievement, basic psychological needs, and academic self-regulation, respectively. According to the results, it is possible to help satisfy basic psychological needs and strengthen students chr('39')academic self-regulatory strategies by improving studentschr('39') relationships with teachers and peers, expressing educational expectations, and designing appropriate educational opportunities.

Couple burnout is one of the factors that reduce the love between couples over time and can lead to emotional or formal divorce. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the dark triad of personality and attachment styles with couple burnout. The method of this research was descriptive and its design was correlational.‌ The statistical population of this study included married undergraduate students studying psychology in the second semester of 2019-2020 available through cyberspace at the Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch. 206 people were considered as a sample through the convenience sampling method. Dark triad dirty dozen scale (Johnson and Webster, 2010), Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Hazen and Shaver, 1987), and Couple burnout measurement (Pins, 1996) were used to collect data. The data of this study were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between dark triad traits of personality with couple burnout, a significant negative relationship between secure attachment style with couple burnout, and a significant positive relationship between avoidant and anxious attachment style with couple burnout. The results of regression analysis showed that the total score of the dark triad of personality and Machiavellism and psychopathy dimensions separately and all three attachment styles can predict couple burnout. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said inappropriate social behaviors of people with high scores in the dark triad of personality cause lovelessness between couples, reduced intimacy and satisfaction, and ultimately couple burnout. Also, attachment as a stable variable affects marital relationships.

The spread of COVID-19 has highlighted the necessity to comply with the health guidelines such as social distancing and wearing masks. Using psychological techniques in addition to providing information could be helpful in persuading the population to follow the guidelines. The aim of the present study was to review the psychological factors involved in compliance with COVID-19 health guidelines. After a search for relevant keywords (e.g., COVID-19, distancing, mask-wearing) in Magiran, SID, and Google Scholar databases, followed by the identification and screening of the search results,  studies that met the criteria were selected and reviewed. Results revealed 15 psychological factors that could affect the adherence to COVID-19 health guidelines. In the end, practical solutions are discussed on how to use these psychological factors in policy-making.