International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2021

Lung surgeries are considered as important surgical procedures as they go a long way to improve the quality of life in patients suffering from different lung conditions. Multi -factorial etiopathogenesis is attributed to patients who undergo lung surgery as a method of treatment to improve their lives after being diagnosed with certain critical lung diseases. The aim of this review is to ascertain the quality of life and a cross-sectional review of some of the cardiovascular challenges in patients who received lung surgery as a treatment option. In our practice as thoracic specialists, different procedures are recommended as treatment options in variable clinical presentations of diseases of lungs and their surrounding tissues. Every surgical proce dure has its benefits and complications, and what makes a surgical procedure ideal is the availability of alternative management options to resolve any complications after surgery. Ideally, complications are least anticipated although they are highly inevitable. Cardiovascular morbidities are amongst the most common complications after lung surgery. In the present study, 26 patients who had suffered from cardiovascular challenges after lung surgery from December 2019 to January 2020 have been investigated. These compl ications include disturbances of normal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) in 15 (57.7%) patients, ischemic diseases of the heart like myocardial infarction recorded in four (15.4%) patients, cardiac failure caused by thrombo -embolic disease in two (7.7%) patients, and more than one cardiovascular challenge in five (19.2%) patients. These complications occurred between two weeks to one-month postoperatively after lung surgery.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer after cervical cancer and the leading causes of death in women in Zambia. To overcome this challenge, a national early diagnosis of breast cancer programme has been established by the Ministry of Health which includes offering mammography services. This paper aims to review the status of the mammography services in Zambia. The availability of mammography services has significantly improved the diagnosis of breast cancer in this country. However, the delivery of services is being humped by numerous challenges such as lack of awareness, the inconsistent supply of consumables, limited human resources, and lack of education and training programs. There is a need to improve the delivery of mammography services by establishing a well-structured and specialized workforce and bringing services closer to the community.

Due to the increasing spread of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), the competition for the most successful possible solution has become very popular among different countries. Therefore, addressing the issue of which is the next most likely candidate to enter the global market; It is a question that sooner or later every country must answer. This study was planned based on the latest published information on drugs that are currently undergoing the fourth clinical phase of the estuary, has tried to co ver the common concern, which means that recent reports indica te the importance of which of the existing or newly synthesized drugs in the control of this disease? The findings suggest that the introduced chemical structures are evidence of measurable succe ss on a laboratory scale, but there are no reliable reports of the high potency of these drugs to control or treat COVID-19 in long term. In conclusion, FDA approved most of these drugs permanently or under a specific condition. This means that scientists had to get along with trial and error these days to overcome the probable upcoming catastrophe.

As the climate of the earth changes rapidly, its devastating effects on human health becomes more evident. Possible effects of climate change on human health include higher rates of respiratory diseases, increased prevalence of vector -borne, zoonotic and waterborne diseases, food and water scarcity, as well as malnutrition. Worsened conditions are predicted in Africa primarily due to the inadequacy of optimum public health systems and climate mitigative controls. Addressing the implications of climate change mitigation and public health research could have substantial benefits to human health, particularly in the transmission of infectious diseases such as influenza. This review aims to explore available literature on the current effects of climate cha nge in Africa and how it influences the incidence and prevalence of influenza, thereafter making recommendations to ameliorate current conditions by encouraging interdisciplinary collaborations.

According to estimates by the World Health Organization and the CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, the prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased significantly in recent decades, reaching today approximately 1 in every 68 children. 

The aim of this study was to identify the state of knowledge regarding markers, predictors, and early diagnosis of ASD (0-23 months of age).

A search was conducted for articles published in the PubMed Central: PMC scientific literature database, using the “autism spectrum disorder” and “early diagnosis” search algorithms. The following inclusion criteria were observed: articles describing predictors and early markers, and methods of diagnosis of ASD in infants.

A total of 65 documents were considered eligible and submitted to the full text review, of which 42 met the inclusion criteria: 16 with predictors, 9 with early markers and 16 with diagnostic tests for ASD.

There is still a need to strengthen evidence for the clinical practice of ASD diagnosis by two years of age. The findings of this study regarding predictors, early markers and diagnostic tests are intended to facilitate the detection and early intervention in these patients by health professionals.

Exercise training is documented to impact many aspects of brain function and has helpful effects on the overall brain, mental health, and performance. The beneficial impacts of exercise on brain performances are the promotion of learning and memory, enhancement of plasticity, protection from neurodegenerative disease, and neuro-rehabilitation following stroke.

Searching keywords including cognitive functions, exercise, neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrophic factors, and sleep deprivation in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar helped us to access approximately 153 articles in this study. Besides, the positive effects of various forms of exercise on the brain function in humans and animal experiments mediated by neurotrophic factors were compared and discussed in this review.

Regular physical activity increases synaptic plasticity by influencing the synaptic organization and potentiating synaptic strength and enhances the expression of certain neurotrophic factors including Brain -Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) which is the key mechanism intermediating wide benefits of exercise in the brain and animal hippocampus. In addition, exercise improves synaptic plasticity by reinforcing the underlying systems which support plasticity including neurogenesis, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Such structural and functional alteration made by physical activities has been indicated in various parts of the brain. These alternations have been studied more in the hippocampal system.

A variety of brain disorders including alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, chronic stress, age-related cognitive decline, psychological disorders have been revealed to avoid, restore, or improve by different procedures of physical exercise.