نشریه روان پرستاری
سال هشتم شماره 6 (پیاپی 42، بهمن و اسفند 1399)

Sexual health is one main aspect of health, which can affect couples in different stages of life. This study aimed at exploring predicting sexual health in couples based on locus of control, social support and meta-emotions.

This study is a correlational one. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples living in Ardebil City in 2019. Using convenient sampling method, 120 people (60 couples) were chosen as the sample. To collecting data, locus of control scale of Rotter (1966), social support of Zimet (1988), meta-emotion of Mitmansgruber et al (2009), sexual health scale of Manavi Pour (2010) were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression in SPSS-18 software.

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between locus of control, social support, meta-emotion and sexual health of the couples (p<0.05). According to the results, locus of control, social support and meta-emotion can explain 57 per cent of sexual health variance (p<0.05).

Sexual health of couples can be predicted through variables such as locus of control, social support and meta-emotion. Thus, we suggest that psychologist and health professionals pay more attention to these variables to enhance the sexual health of couples. Given its importance, we think that researchers must carry out more research on sexual health issues.

Mindfulness is a therapeutic process that refers to purposeful, non-judgmental attention, along with accepting and acknowledging experiences and living in the moment. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on psychological distress and perceived stress in nursing students.

The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test method with control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female nursing students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. The research sample consisted of 30 individuals selected by targeted sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). Perceived stress (2005) responded before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent 8 minutes of 80-minute sessions (once a week) under the direction of Cabin Dabinchr('39')s mindfulness management (2000) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjectschr('39') scores were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software.

The findings showed that there was a difference between the scores of psychological distress in the pre-test (66.30±6.53) and post-test (89.88±7.12) (P <0.01). Also, a significant difference was observed in the perceived stress scores in the pre-test (28.31 ±4.46) and post-test (21.73 ± 5.24) in the experimental group after the intervention. This difference was not observed in the control group (P <0.01).

Mindfulness training is effective in increasing psychological hardship and perceived stress. Therefore, this type of training can be used to reduce the stress of nursing students.

Occupational burnout is usually as a long-term response to stressors and interpersonal emotions characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal success. The aim of this study was to determine predictive power of job stress on occupational burnout among nurses working in emergency wards of Urmia teaching hospitals in 2018.

This descriptive correlational study was performed on 120 nurses working in emergency wards of educational hospitals (150 nurse) affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2018 who were selected by relative classified sampling method. Data were collected by demographic checklist, Maslach Job Burnout Inventory, and nursing stress scale (NSS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

In this study, mean ± SD of total job stress, and burnout were 89.62±20.59 and 66.86 ± 19.81 respectively. Among the demographic variables, job burnout had a significant relationship with gender and job position and job stress with age and job position of nurses (P <0.05). The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between total occupational stress and all domains with burnout and its three dimensions (P = 0.000). In addition, multiple linear regression showed that job stress can predict job burnout in these nurses.

Job stress can be a predictor of burnout, so it is recommended that in preventing and reducing burnout, this factor should be carefully considered and by preparing training programs and interventions to improve and change the work environment of nurses to ‌The health of their work environment helped.

The presence of mental problems and illnesses during pregnancy, in addition to the pregnant woman, also has a negative effect on the fetus and the prevalence of depression during pregnancy is higher than the general female population. Therefore, present research aimed to determining the relationship between rumination and experiential avoidance with depression during pregnancy.

This study was descriptive from type of correlation. The study population was depressed pregnant women referred to Yas Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019 year. Number of 150 people after reviewing the inclusion criteria to research was selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected with questionnaires of Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow rumination, Bond & et al experiential avoidance and Cox & et al depression during pregnancy and were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model with using SPSS-21 software.

The findings showed that rumination (r=0.472) and experiential avoidance (r=0.424) had a positive and significant relationship with depression during pregnancy. Also, the variables of rumination and experiential avoidance were able to explain 28.1% of the changes of depression during pregnancy that the share of rumination was more than experimental avoidance (P<0.01).

According to the results, rumination and experimental avoidance had an effective role in predicting depression during pregnancy. Therefore, planning to reduce rumination and experience avoidance in pregnant women through workshops is essential to reduce depression during pregnancy.

the quality of coupleschr('39') life in Iran have a close relation with the connection and performance of their main families. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of main families in the quality of marital life of infertile couples.

this study is done with a qualitative approach and data were collected by semi-structured exploratory interview with 15 infertile couples who were selected purposefully among referrals to Yazd Infertility Center. Data from each interview were in a saturation status for the second time. Coding and data analysis was done by content analysis.

According to the analysis of responds, the role of main families in the quality of marital life of infertile couples can be sorted in 129 first content, 22 categories, 9 sub-contents and 4 main contents such as "informative & thoughtful interface of families with infertility", "support and help of families in all aspects", "good relation of main families" and "the role of families in couples compatibility and the sustainability of marriage". 

The health of the main families of an infertile couple and their social support by accepting the problem of infertility of the couple and empathy and consensus with the couple, can play an effective role in their better adaptation to this crisis.The results of this study can help couples therapists working in the field of education and counseling with infertile couples to pay serious attention to the main family system in this regard and related interventions, as well as to couples and main families to help increase the level Marital Satisfaction to be effective with the relationship.

  Nurses face many stressors in their job and profession. In addition to threatening various aspects of health can also affect their ability and cause an analysis of the quality of their performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of mindfulness-based stress-relieving training in reducing nurseschr('39') job stress

This quasi-experimental study is a pre-test-post-test with a control group that was performed in 2018 on 270 nurses from different wards of Panj Azar Medical Training Center in Gorgan. Of these, 40 of them regarding inclusion criteria were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire and nurseschr('39') job stress questionnaire. The intervention was consisted of 8 sessions for mindfulness-based stress reduction holding once a week. Data was analyzed using SPSS software using both descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Covariance  and multivariate regression) at a significant level of p <0.05

The results of this study showed that the mean scores of job stress before the intervention was not significantly different between the control and experimental groups (p <0.05) , but after the intervention the difference was significant (p <0.05). Furthermore, about 55% of the changes in post-test scores of job stress was related to the effect of mindfulness-based stress relief. This finding indicates that the implementation of mindfulness-based stress training program has been effective in reducing nurseschr('39') job stress.   

Given that nurses are exposed to high stress, the use of low-cost and short term therapy is necessary .The findings of this study showed that mindfulness-based stress training can be useful to reduce nurseschr('39') job stress.

Divorce reduces the health of each couple, especially women and one of the treatment methods derived from the third wave of psychotherapy which about that has been done little research is compassion therapy. Therefore, present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion therapy on self-coherence, post-divorce adjustment and negative automatic thoughts in divorced women.

This study was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was the divorced women referred to Ahvaz city counseling centers in 2019 year, which from them 40 people after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into two groups. The experimental group was trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes with compassion therapy and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. Data were collected with using scales of self-coherence, post-divorce adjustment and negative automatic thoughts and analyzed by tests of Chi-square, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-23 software.

The mean and standard deviation of the self-coherence pretest of experimental group 16.00±2.71 and control group 16.45±2.89 and their posttest was 20.10±2.88 and 15.90±2.80, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the post-divorce adjustment pretest of experimental group 205.60±16.48 and control group 201.70±15.53 and their posttest was 224.40±14.27 and 199.80±13.61, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the negative automatic thoughts pretest of experimental group 76.70±9.44 and control group 75.55±13.16 and their posttest was 68.45±7.68 and 76.10±13.07, respectively. Other findings showed that the experimental and control groups didn’t significant difference in terms of education, age, number of children and duration of divorce (P>0.05). Also, groups in the pretest stage didn’t significant difference in any variables of self-coherence, post-divorce adjustment and negative automatic thoughts (P>0.05), but in the posttest stage there were significant differences in all three variables (P<0.001). In addition, compassion therapy led to increased self-coherence (F=263.18, P<0.001) and post-divorce adjustment (F=289.95, P<0.001) and decreased negative automatic thoughts (F=90.70, P<0.001) in divorced women.

The results indicated the effectiveness of compassion therapy on increasing self-coherence and post-divorce adjustment and decreasing negative automatic thoughts. As a result, clinical psychologists and therapists can use from compassion therapy method alongside other treatment methods to improve health related traits, especially increase self-coherence and post-divorce adjustment and decrease negative automatic thoughts.

Caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder often feel helpless and experience anxiety, depression, and stress after discharge. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psych education with using mobile phone on the stress in family caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder after discharge from hospital.

The present study is a two-group quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design that was conducted in 1398 in Baharan Zahedan Educational and Medical Center. They were selected by convenience sampling method (available) and randomly assigned to two groups equal to control (45) and intervention (45). Data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire and a 14-item Cohen stress questionnaire. For the intervention group, training via mobile phone and SMS was done one day in between for 20 days after discharge and for the control group no training was provided. Caregiverschr(chr (chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr ('39'))) stress levels were measured and compared before and after the intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test and p-value <0.05 was used.

The results showed that both groups were homogeneous in terms of individual social characteristics and the mean stress level in the intervention group in the pre-test was 29.70 with a standard deviation of 7.14 and in the control group was 29.52 with a standard deviation of 7.14. The mean stress level in the intervention group in the post-test was 26.12 with a standard deviation of 6.53 and in the control group was 30.65 with a standard deviation of 7.11.

The results of this study confirmed the effectiveness of mobile phone-based psycho education in reducing the stress of family caregivers of discharged patients with bipolar disorder. It is recommended to use this method to reduce the stress of family caregivers of these patients.

Infertile women face many problems in their personal lives and infertility is accompanied with many psychological injuries including increased stress, which requires to the use of psychological interventions. Therefore, present research aimed to comparing the effectiveness of reality therapy and transactional analysis approach on stress coping strategies in infertile women.

Present study was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was infertile women who referred to Avicenna infertility clinic of Tehran city in 2018 year. The research sample was 45 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups (15 people in each group). Each experimental group separately trained 10 sessions of 90 minutes with the methods of reality therapy and transactional analysis approach and the control group did not receive any training. Data were collected with using demographic information form and Andler and Parker stress coping strategies scale and analyzed by methods of chi-square, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc in SPSS software version 22.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups did not significant different in terms of age, education and duration of infertility (P>0.05). Also, both methods of reality therapy and transactional analysis approach led to significant increase the problem-orientation and significant decrease the emotion-orientation and avoidance strategies in infertile women (P<0.001), but between two methods there was no significant difference in improving their stress coping strategies (P>0.05).

The results showed the effectiveness both methods of reality therapy and transactional analysis approach on increasing the problem-orientation and decreasing the emotion-orientation and avoidance strategies in infertile women. As a result, clinical psychologists and therapists can use from both methods along with other treatments methods to reduce psychological injuries especially to improve stress coping strategies.

Children experience grief differently than adults. Accordingly, the treatment of these childrenchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s problems should be appropriate to their condition. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of drama, therapy and music therapy on sleep disorders in children with grief.

The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with grief referred to psychological clinics in Ahvaz in a period of 4 months in 2017 to 93 people. According to the inclusion criteria, 45 boys and girls with symptoms of grief were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental groups of drama-therapy, experimental group of music-therapy and control group (15 children in each group). Research data were collected using the Sleep Disorder Scale (CSHQ). Data were analyzed using analysis of mono-variance using SPSS software version 21.

The findings showed that both drama therapy (pre-test 75±7/33&post-test 56/53±5/37) and music therapy (pre-test 71/06±7/47&post-test 64/33±6/46) were effective in reducing sleep disorders in children with grief (p <0.01) and the difference between the effectiveness of drama therapy and music therapy in reducing sleep disorders in children with grief was different. There was significance in favor of demonstration therapy (p <0.05).

Respecting the therapistchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s creativity and not adhering to the stereotyped frameworks of treatment may be considered as the most important reasons for the effectiveness of drama therapy and music therapy. Therefore, it can be said that drama therapy and music therapy can be used as one of the treatment methods to help psychological problems of children with grief.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common psychological disorders in today’s society in which a person individual and social behavior is affected. This disorder has devastating effects on the normal functioning of life. Therefore, the present study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of group reality therapy on social well-being, life expectancy and locus of control in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The design of this study was pre-test/post-test/follow-up semi-experimental with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of allwomen with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Ahvaz city in 2018 of whom 30 individuals were selected through convenient sampling and then randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group (15 individuals in each group). The experimental groupwent through reality group therapy proposed (Glasser, 2003) for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any therapy. The research instruments included the Social Well-being Questionnaire (Keyes, 1998), Life Expectancy Questionnaire (Snyder et al., 1991) and Locus of Control Questionnaire (Rotter, 1966). Data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis and bonfroni pursuit test with SPSS 24 software.

The results of the analysis showed that reality therapy had a significant effect on improving social well-being, life expectancy and the source of internal control and reducing the source of external control in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder in the experimental group compared to the control group. Remains in the follow-up stage (P <0.001). In the post-test stage as well as follow-up in the variables of social welfare, life expectancy and source of internal and external control in the control group with the treatment group there is a significant difference (P <0.001).

The results showed the effectiveness of group reality therapy on social well-being, life expectancy and internal and external locus of control in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that this approachto be used with other therapies to improve the psychosocial characteristics of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Pregnancy puts stress on the heart and circulatory system. This stress is more common in women with heart problems such as mitral valve prolapse. Stress and its resulting stress in pregnant women with mitral valve prolapse appear to cause many psychological and physiological complications such as decreased psychological well-being, depression and changes in blood sugar levels. However, research in this area is weak. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of immunization against stress on psychological well-being, depression and blood sugar in pregnant women with mitral valve prolapse.

The design of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all 107 pregnant women with mitral valve prolapse who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2019. In order to form two groups using purposive sampling method, first 30 people were selected then they were randomly grouped into experimental and control groups. The stress immunization program was performed in 9 sessions as a group for the experimental group but the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the sessions, post-test was performed for both groups and follow-up test was performed three months after the post-test. Reef Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1989), Beck and Clark Depression Scale (1987) and glucometer were used to collect data. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures tests and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software version 22.

The results showed that immunization against stress had a significant effect on improving psychological well-being and reducing depression in pregnant women with mitral valve prolapse in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.001). And this effect remains in the follow-up stage (p <0.01). Other findings showed that immunization against stress had no significant effect on blood sugar and no significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in blood sugar levels (p>0.05).

According to the results of this study, in the case of pregnant women with mitral valve prolapse, psychologists, counselors and health professionals can use immunization intervention against stress to improve psychological well-being and reduce depression.