مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 63 (آذر و دی 1399)

Nowadays, innovation in various industries is no longer confined to research and development units in the organization and has reached beyond these boundaries. This concept which is named open innovation deals with research and provides a complement to research and development. The purpose of the present study was to develop a lean canvas of open innovation in the selected sports federations. To achieve the study objectives, first, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 10 experts, including university professors, heads, vice presidents, and experts of federations, who were purposefully selected randomly. Initial factors were then extracted from the interviews using Atlas TI software. In the second step, the Fuzzy Delphi method was used in order to prevent unwanted bias and confirm the key sources of open innovation. Excel statistical software was utilized at this stage. Following these steps, six factors were identified through 26 components of open innovation which included organizational, individual, interactive, financial, environmental, and marketing factors. Afterwards, the Lean Canvas map and its key metrics were plotted. These factors indicated that implementing open innovation requires systematic and structured conditions; accordingly, by clarifying the path of their activities and providing such conditions, federation managers can use this new strategy so that they continue their activities in a more competitive and dynamic way.

When discussing the concept of professionalization in sports, the payments to the athletes may be of the most immediate pictures which may appear in people’s minds, but the actual and deeper meaning of the concept of professionalization differs than that of its everyday perception. The present study aims at identifying the reasons, obstacles and consequences of professionalization in selection of sport federations of Iran. The data presented here has been collected applying two-step Delphi method from semi-structured interviews with experts on professionalization of sports and subsequently analyzed applying hermeneutic-circle approach. Based on the results of the study, five themes, 120 primary codes, 38 sub-stratums and 15 stratums were recognized for the reasons, obstacles and consequences of professionalization of sports organizations. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that identifying the reasons, obstacles and consequences of professionalization can pay a great contribution to the sports federations of Iran in order to make money, also the analysis of the exterior and interior of sports federations and identifying the potentials of professionalization in their context can expedite the process of professionalization and improvement of sports federations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the modeling of athletes in cyberspace. The present study is a descriptive analytical study that was conducted field experiment. The statistical community comprised all of the experts and academic staff who had expertise in the field of media issues and modeling. The data gathering tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the three-dimensional model. Electricity method was used to rank the factors. All data analysis process was performed using Electre SoLver software. In this research, the number of 17 factors influencing the improvement of athlete modeling in cyberspace was identified. According to the results, it has been found that the establishment of a database on the country's moral and value athletes with dominance 15, the creation of some incentive policies to encourage athletes to model in virtual dominance and the holding of national conferences in the presence of moral and value athletes. The 13 most important factors affecting the modeling of athletes in cyberspace. So, it turned out that; Athletes' role models in cyberspace need to be specifically considered.

Despite the developments of the Iranian women’s sports within recent years, further advancements within this sector still face certain barriers. The purpose of this research was to identify the obstacles to the financial development of the women’s sport in Iran, and to propose solutions thereto. The research was conducted within the context of applied studies, and the data were collected in an exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative) through field methodology. The statistical population of this research included experts in the field of womens’sports. In the qualitative stage, deep and semi-structured interviews were conducted and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage (n=15). Based on the results of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed, validated and distributed amongst the subjects. In the qualitative stage, the sampling was performed based on the targeted and accessibility method (n=198). Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings of this research, four obstacles to the development of financial resources of women’s sport were identified which included: structural, managerial, sociocultural, political-legal. Accordingly, various solutions were proposed to facilitate the development of women’s sport, some of which are presented in the following: offering tax exemptions or facilities to the sponsors of women's sports, raising the level of women's sports competitions, broadcasting women's sports competitions and finally ensuring the proper implementation of the rules and regulations, as amendment of the available laws and set criteria for measuring compliance with these rules. Because the introduction of new regulations without ensuring their proper implementation will not be effective.

The purpose of this study was to examining the effect of open mindednesson radical innovation through social networksand organizational learning in Iranian private clubs of football premier league. The statistical population of this study included all the executive staff of the Iranian private clubs of football Premier League in the 2018-19 season. The number of samples in this study was determined using purposeful sampling consist of all samples (n=242). To collect the data used from scales of Troilo’s et al. (2014) radical innovation, Mogollon’s et al. (2010) open mindedness, Baker’s et al. (2016) social networks and Maes & Sels’s (2013) organizational learning. The results showed that open mindedness in football clubs could directly promote radical innovation. Moreover, social networks and organisation learning had a direct impact on radical innovation. In addition, social networks and organizational learning had a mediator effect on the relationship between open mindednessand radical innovation. As a result, football clubs should pay special attention to creating an open-minded atmosphere in the club to improve organizational learning and social networks, and then develop radical innovation in the club.

The purpose of the present research is to present a scientometric analysis of the articles of the Journal of “Sport Management Studies” during the years 2010-2018. This is a scientometric applied research. Scientometric techniques and social network analysis are used in conducting this research. The research population consists of 541 articles published in the the Journal of “Sport Management Studies” that have been indexed in ISC database during the years 2010-2018. To analyze the data, a combination of BibExcel, UCINet, NetDraw, and Vosviewer software is used.The results showed that researchers in the Physical Education Departments of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tarbiat Modarres and Tehran Universities are top authors. A full professor in Allameh Tabataba'i University is the most cited researcher in the Journal of “Sport Management Studies”. Moreover, researchers in University of Guilan gained the highest h-index. From the authorship patterns, more than 95% of the journal articles are collaborative. In terms of centrality measures, researchers affiliated with the universities located in Tehran gained the highest scores. Furthermore, results indicated that keywords “Soccer”, “Sport” and “Brand” are most frequent keywords in Journal of “Sport Management Studies”. Finally, results of hierarchical clustering uncovered that 8 clusters are formed in the journal which focused on important topics such as: "Strategic Planning", "Performance Management", "Sport Refinement"," Health and Sport Empowerment "," Satisfaction in Sport "," Promotion "," Sport Marketing through Sport” and "Sports Industry". According to clusters of co-word analysis, it seems that the Journal of “Sport Management Studies” has been able to cover a considerable part of its subject areas in its years of activity.

The purpose of this study was designing and validating of Good Governance Model on Athletic Federation of Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and according to qualitative data collection in the first step and quantitative validation it in the next phase was mixed exploration. The statistical population in in the qualitative section were all experts in the academic or executive. In the quantitative section, the statistical community included athletics stakeholders (federation staff, referees, coaches, and athletes), which announced 749 athletes by the Athletics Federation. In the qualitative part, the judging and snowball sampling used. Interviewing continues until theoretical saturation (23 participants). The sampling method in the quantitative section was classified and available. Data collection tools in the first step were interview and after coding and identifying themes and indexes a questionnaire was drafted and used to design and validate the model. Data analysis was done in the qualitative section by using theme analysis and in the quantitative part by using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed the model of good governance in the Athletics Federation formed by five main components, including the " the role and the rule of law", "participation", "transparency and accountability", "controlling and monitoring" and "health of system". Also, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit model.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of presenting an interpretive structural model of the factors that create environmental performance of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The method of this research was mixed (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical sample of this study in the qualitative section consisted of 14 experts and in the quantitative section the statistical sample consisted of 58 managers and experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The data collection tool in this study was an interview and a researcher-made questionnaire with 41 questions. The content validity of this questionnaire was examined and confirmed by reviewing the opinions of experts, structural validity was investigated by factor analysis and reliability using Cronbach's alpha calculation. In order to analyze the data of the present study, statistical methods of interpretive structural modeling and structural equations were used. Max QQ software was used to analyze the qualitative part of the research. All data analysis processes were performed in the software versions of version 20 and pial version 2. The results of the present study showed that seven factors of technical infrastructure, management platforms, human resources, environmental orientation, legal protections, motivational and cultural forces will improve the environmental performance in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. This plays a key role in the process of upgrading other factors between the three factors of managerial contexts, legal protections and environmental orientation. The results showed that all the relationships of the research model have a significant effect due to having a T level higher than 1.96.

The aim of this study was to identify the cognitive function of Payame Noor University students about Covid 19 virus using fuzzy Delphi technique. The present study is a qualitative research, based on the present time, in terms of applied purpose, and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population consisted of master and bachelor students of Payame Noor University of Alborz province. Non-random sampling method was selected. Data were also collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and fuzzy Delphi technique was used to reach a possible agreement between experts to eliminate possible biases. Findings showed that the components of political cognition, economic cognition, cultural and social cognition, behavioral cognition and belief cognition had an explanatory role in shaping students' cognitive performance. Thus, students can solve the problems about the Covid virus 19 by identifying cognitive function. Also, other research findings showed that the highest rank is related to behavioral cognition and the lowest rank is related to political cognition. Thus, in cognitive performance, students gained more behavioral cognition, and their least cognition was political cognition.

The aim of this research was Designing and testing a model for promotion of sport insurance system in Iran. The research method is descriptive-correlational. Statistical population included managers, experts and experts in sport insurance in the Iran. The statistical sample was estimated sufficiently for structural equation modeling in PLS software (138 persons) and sampled by Theoretical (judgment) method. The research tool was a questionnaire extracted from the qualitative (systematic exploration) part of the research consisting of 15 variables and 58 questions on a 5-point Likert scale. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content validity (11 experts), reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.87) and construct validity (model fitting). Findings were analyzed by PLS software (version 3). Modeling results showed that strategic management efficiency has significant effect on law updating, financial management optimization, facility development, human capital empowerment and communication capacity building (With coefficients: 0.58, 0.62, 0.54, 0.59 and 0.55). Also, communication capacity building and human empowerment (with coefficients of 0.60 and 0.25) had a significant effect on insurance education and culture. The effect of upgrading the surveillance system on improving insurance premiums and improving insurance damages was also significant (with coefficients: 0.56 and 0.36). Finally, expanding coverage range, promoting insurance literacy and enhancing customer satisfaction (with coefficients of 0.59, 0.74, and 0.81, respectively) had a significant effect on improving the penetration coefficient of sports insurance. Generally, based on the findings of the study it can be said that the model of promotion of the sports insurance system consists of a systematic flow of structural, functional, process, functional and consequential factors.

The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for the model of Islamic marketing development in Iranian sport. The research method was a two-stage instrumental exploratory combination. The qualitative research method, the qualitative case study, and the potential participants included 14 faculty members. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study included the head, vice-chairman and secretary of sport federations, which included 153 people with 51 active federations in the country. According to Morgan's sample size table, 113 individuals were selected as the research sample according to available sampling method. The instrument used in the quantitative section was a researcher-made scale based on the qualitative data base network theory. Face validity was assessed by ten sport management professors and the content validity of the questionnaire was used by carcass model and content validity was confirmed. Convergent validity, combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha were also confirmed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the respective T values ​​of each factor had a significant impact and all the framework of Islamic marketing development model in Iranian sport was approved. The results of the present study also showed that the framework of Islamic marketing development model in Iranian sport includes causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, strategies. The results of this study also showed that the research model has a good fit.

The present study was designed with an applied approach and a descriptive-analytical method in order to analyze the land suitability of Ardabil city in order to select the optimal location of sport for all sites. In this research process different areas of Ardebil city have been studied in terms of 4 general components of land characteristics and location, land use compatibility, density, per capita and operational radius and accessibility desirability. Librarian and field methods (direct observation method) were used to collect research data and information. ARCGIS 10.4 software is used to prepare the required survey maps and data analysis, to determine the degree of importance of each of the research criteria by pairwise comparison of hierarchical analysis model (AHP) and Expert Choice software is used to standardize benchmark maps of fuzzy membership functions and to overlap standardized weighted indices using the VIKOR model. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of suggestions for creating sport sites in the neighborhoods of Zaernas, Karshenasan Town and Dampezeshki Neighborhood. Among the sites introduced by the two sites in Zaernas town and Karshenasan will be able to create green rings for holding family walking conferences.