نشریه جستارهایی در ادب عربی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار و تابستان 1399)

valuation of the translation of Qur'anic metaphors on the subject of resurrection based on Newmark theory (first half of the Qur'an)Ali Zeighami, Hosain Bayat, SayedReza MirAhmadi, Ebrahim RezaPourAbstractOne of the challenges of translation, especially about Qur'an, is to translate metaphorical phrases. This matter requires special precision and delicacy and is one of the topics that has attracted the attention of theorists such as Peter Newmark. Newmark introduces seven strategies for translating metaphors that can be used to translate metaphorical images into the target language. In the light of Newmark's theory and with a critical analytical method, the present study critiques the methods of translating metaphorical images of doomsday scenes in the Qur'an and while explaining the methods of trans-mitting metaphorical interpretations, has evaluated the performance of four Persian translations "Makarem Shirazi", "Fooladvand", "Ansarian" and "Gar-maroodi" in the first fifteen parts of the Qur'an. this study reviewed the trans-lation of 14 samples out of 21 metaphors related to the Day of Judgment, which was the point of disagreement between the mentioned translators. The results show that all four translators have used the methods proposed in Newmark theory to different proportions. The translation of Makarem Shirazi and Fooladvand is based more on the semantic and literal method and the translation of Ansarian and Garmaroodi is more on the equivalent method and interpretive additions. Although these translators have used less equivalent metaphorical interpretations, Ansarians have used metaphorical equivalents more than others.

Research on the Holy Quran is important and necessary because the Holy Quran is the source of knowledge and in fact a book of guidance for human societies. One of these explorations is the study of the wise arrangement of words that can discover the divine purpose. The present study uses de-scriptive-analytical method to study the syntactic marking structures in the form of verb-passivation process, which is one of the linguistic subtleties of the Holy Quran, in order to identify the deep layers of the divine message through this science. The results of the research show that the process of pas-sivation in part 30(thirty) of the Holy Quran has a high frequency which has been proposed for bowing the subject, the greatness of the event, announc-ing the occurrence of the act, making the subject known to the audience, the subject unknown or cursing; One of the most important results of this re-search will be to reduce the errors of translators in order to achieve a better understanding of the divine message.

The novel is a type of story, which is considered one of the appropriate tools for depicting the issues and problems of human life and expressing ideas and thoughts, in the contemporary period. This art has various components and elements, each of which has a special role and importance in its artistic struc-ture. "Plot" is the plan, design or pattern of events in the story, which as the framework of the story, including the six structural elements, ie knot, conflict, horror, crisis, climax and unlocking, organizes the events and characters and plays a significant role in the tension and impact of the story on the audience. The present study, considering the importance of plot and its structural ele-ments in the success rate of the story and the reader's attraction, has stud-ied this component in a descriptive-analytical method in the novel Hares al-Madinah Al- Za'iaa by Ibrahim Nasrollah, a prominent contemporary Jordanian-Palestinian writer. The result is that the author in the mentioned novel, following the style of magical realism, has skillfully designed and coor-dinated the events of the plot in a series of six structural forms; However, fol-lowing the mentioned style, he ends the story without untying and resolving the conflict in a mysterious and innovative manner, and leaves the end of the story to the reader's judgment and imagination.

Intertextuality is a new literary criticism approach that examines the relation-ship between the present text and the absent text. According to this theory, there is no independent text, and each text is a feedback from its previous or contemporary texts, which is expressed in various forms. This is why texts are always interacting with each other. Contemporary Saudi novelist Mo-hammad Hassan Alwan in the novel “The little death”, verbal and spiritual influencing by the divine word, using the "intertextuality " approach, has in-cluded the absent-minded text of the Qur'an in his work of art. This research attempts to explain and interpret intertextual relations in a descriptive-ana-lytic approach, reviewing the novel of "The little death" with Qur'anic verses and the extent to which this author is influenced by the beautiful Qur'anic verses and how their themes are reflected. The results of the study indicate that the author has technically and artically explored the complete text, com-plete adaptation, inspiration and concept, allusion with the summoning of Quranic characters, partial and lexical relationships in his novel, of which the most prominent in The two texts under consideration, is the complete tex-tual relationship whose verses are directly mentioned in the novel without any modification.

After the current of modernism emerged in Western countries and grew rap-idly, the Arab countries, like other developing countries, welcomed this trend and created works with this theme. The modern novel then separated itself from the classic novel by form and content components; In the way which the author imagines the objective events of social life in the classic novel; But modern novel, consideres individuality and the world within man, more than his social aspects, and preferes the subconscious mind to the conscious. Abd al-Rahman Munif, the author of Saudi Arabia, has tried to show the charac-teristics of a modern novel in his novel “When we left the prison”, and has been successful in this field. In this research, the selected work “When we left the prison”, has been studied by descriptive-analytical method and an attempt has been made to analyze some components of modernism. The findings show that the novel, as a modernist one, has all the characteristics of such novels and well shows the loneliness, despair, isolation, confinement, failure and emptiness of contemporary man; A man who has no escape from the bitter and absurd reality around him and has passively surrendered to his wanderings.

Nahj al-Balaghah is one of the books that have been influenced by major writers and poets, among the influential books in Arabic literature, after the Qur'an. This book, which has boiling springs of eloquence and rhetoric tech-niques, has a profound effect on the reader's speech, behavior and actions. this research studies the poems of "Sharif Morteza" and "Mahyar Deilami" whose themes are derived from Nahj al-Balagheh. First, by studying Nahj al-Balaghah and its various interpretations and the poetry collection of Sha-rif Morteza and Mahyar Deilami, discussed the variety of Nahj al-Balaghah themes and concepts in their poems; which sometimes, appeared as an adap-tation of the word in their poetry and others, as the content of Imam Ali (as) speech. Sharif Morteza and Mahyar Dailami were Shiite religious poets and lovers of the “Ahl al-Bayt” who heard and read the words of Imam Ali, and wrote poetry influenced by him. knowing poetry was the best way to propa-gate the religion at that time, they did a great service to Islam and spent their honorable lives in this way.