نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 6 (پیاپی 99، مهر و آبان 1399)

Borderline personality influenced by numerous factors is considered as a complex network. Purpose of the study was to conduct a research on borderline personality traits (BPT) using network dynamics for research on factors influencing BPT.

The statistical population included monozygotic and dizygotic twins (N=500 participants; Mage=23.46; 74.40% female; Iranian). The research instruments were self-report for participants. We used a threshold for correlations to remove links which represented weak relations. After creating a sparse network, inverse participation ratio (IPR) method was used to extract affective nodes.

In total sample and monozygotic twins, nodes of secure attachment to mother and father had a profound effect on network stability (Prevention of sings) and node of secure attachment to father had the greatest impact on the given stability among dizygotic twins. Nodes of interpersonal problems, emotional neglect, and insecure attachment to father were among the most important ones affecting all groups in network no stability (Moving towards sings).

Given the dominance of environmental factors within threshold conditions, the influence of environment on heritability for BPT was confirmed.

The second edition of the Minnesota Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire is the most widely used objective test for personality assessment and psychological pathology. The main purpose of this study was to validate and prepare for the MMPI-2 test.

In this study, 210 healthy adults in Mashhad and 160 psychiatric patients aged 19 to 50 years with a medical record in Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Mashhad were selected from 2006 to 2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive indices, Pearson correlation coefficient, percentile norms, Student T and Cronbach's alpha.

Pearson correlation coefficient was reported in all scales except Hysteria (Hy) scale in retest between 0.73 and 0.93. The results show the validity of all scales based on differentiation based on discriminant validity except L scale (lie detector) at the level of 0.01. Also, the validity in each of the scales, except for the Hy (hysteria) scale, is moderate to high. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient in non-sick and sick individuals showed good reliability for all scales except the scales of lie (L), hysteria (Hy), masculinity (Mf m), and femininity (Mf f).

The MMPI-2 questionnaire has a satisfactory validity and validity for use in the Iranian adult community and can be used by researchers and specialists in counseling centers in addition to history and clinical interviews to assess the mentally ill.

Emotion dysregulation is one of the important underlying factors in the development and maintenance of mood and anxiety symptoms and it can reduce therapeutic effectiveness significantly. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic group treatment for emotional disorders in women with comorbid generalized anxiety and major depressive symptoms.

The participants of this study consisted of 35 women with symptoms for generalized anxiety and depression among who referred to the Specialized Polyclinic of Psychological and Counseling Services of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad city. They divided randomly into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received twelve sessions of two-hour group treatment, based on the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic disorders, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Research instrument included semi-structural clinical interview, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Data analyzed through ANCOVA, MANCOVA using SPSS-22 statistical software.

The transdiagnostic group treatment significantly alleviated the symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression (P<0.05), and significantly improved emotional regulation strategies and experiential avoidance (P<0.05)

It seems that Unified Protocol (UP) transdiagnostic group treatment, which addresses the common underlying factors of emotional disorders, may be an effective therapeutic strategy for individuals with emotional comorbid disorders, and contribute to reducing maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.

 Regarding the prevalence of tic disorders in children and their psychological burden, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to psychological flexibility and perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders.
The statistical population of this study included mothers of children with tic disorder who referred to Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital and Astan-e-Mehr Counseling Center in Mashhad city in 2019-2020. Amongst them, 30 mothers were selected through the convenient method of sampling. Then they divided into experimental and control groups randomly. Both groups completed Hills Perfectionism Questionnaire and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data.
Commitment and acceptance-based therapy has a significant effect on increasing psychological flexibility (P=0.001), and reducing perfectionism (P=0.000).
It seems that commitment and acceptance-based therapy is an effective method to improve psychological flexibility, and reducing perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy on forgiveness and ambiguity tolerance in divorce-seeking women.

The statistical population of this study included all divorce-seeking women who referred to counseling centers in Neyshabur during the second three months of 2018-2019. Thirty six of these women were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental groups 1 and 2 (12 subjects) and one control group. The first experimental group underwent schema therapy for 12 sessions, the second experimental group received compassion-focused therapy during 8 ninety-minute sessions, while the control group was placed on the waiting list. Data were collected using Pollard and Anderson Family Forgiveness Scale (FFS) and McLean Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire. For data analysis, repeated measures ‎ANOVA‎ was applied.

The results demonstrated that since repeated measures ANOVA of calculated F (128.064) is less than the criterion F at the 0.05 level, both treatments were effective in the index of forgiveness (Significance level 0.534) and ambiguity tolerance (Significance level 0.783).

The results suggest that schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy have a significant effect on the field of mental health such as forgiveness and ambiguity tolerance.

Academic adjustment is a specific area of ​​the general concept of adjustment that deals with the issue of an individual’s adjustment to the course and field of study, educational environment and its requirements. Therefore, the research sought to design a causal model for academic adjustment based on personality traits with the mediating role of attributional styles.
The research method was descriptive-correlational and of structural equation modeling in particular and the statistical population included all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht city, Iran in the academic year 2017-2019. The statistical sample consisted of 600 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and answered the questionnaires including Academic Adjustment Scale by Anderson et al., personality traits by McCrae and Costa, and attribution styles by Patterson and Seligman. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling, correlation coefficient, SPSS, and AMOS software.
The results indicated that neuroticism and openness to experience predict academic adjustment in a negative and significant way and extroversion and conscientiousness in a positive and significant way. Neuroticism predicts positive attributions in a negative and meaningful way and agreeableness and openness to experience and conscientiousness in a positive and meaningful way. Neuroticism predicts negative attributions in a positive and significant way and extroversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness in a negative and meaningful way. Positive attributional styles predict academic adjustment in a positive way and negative attributional styles in a negative and significant way. Finally, the results showed that neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness can indirectly and significantly predict academic adjustment through attributional styles.
Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that attributional styles have a significant mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and academic adjustment.

People with psychiatric disorders are recognized as a minority group who are socially considered as discriminated, ridiculed, and rejected. There are many sources of stigma for psychiatric patients, which is the most important of them is family members. Since the impact of family stigma on these patients has many undesirable consequences, the aim of this study is to understand the experiences of clients with psychiatric disorder due to the family stigma.
This study is a hermeneutic phenomenology. It was performed on 12 clients with a psychiatric disorder who were selected by purposeful sampling method in 2017. During this study, unstructured interviews were used to collect data, and the data analysis process was interpretive phenomenology proposed by Dieckelmann et al. (1989).
“Family, the nest of suffering" is the main theme of this study, which includes three sub-themes: "gray family look", "fear of disclosure", and "hell life", and their common supporting meanings.
Being known as a psychiatric patient in the family makes the patients of this study not count as a dignified human being. Family members also have behaviors such as distance, fear, disgust, ridicule, being ignored and unwilling to live with them. The results of this study can also help to shape interventions and policies to prevent family stigma against the people with psychiatric disorders.

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus worldwide, working conditions of medical personnel, specifically nurses, have changed dramatically. Therefore, medical staff have undergone more physical and psychological distress than before. The main purpose of this study was investigating symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression and coping strategies in nurses who worked during COVID-19 pandemic. T This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted during April and May 2020. Through convenience sampling method, 76 nurses who involved in caring of COVID-19 patients at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad were selected. They were evaluated by DASS-21 and Billings and Moos coping responses inventories. Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis was used by means of SPSS 16.0.  The findings demonstrated that nurses suffered high mental problems. Symptoms of stress were discovered in 48.7%, anxiety in 77.6%, and depression in 60.5% of the nurses; and the main strategy applied by them was emotion-focused types. Regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between psychological distresses and emotion based approaches as well as negative correlation between problem-focused skills and incidence of depression. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused critical conditions and as a result, psychological pressures on nursing staff. Training on problem-solving strategies in nursing community would help to cope with such health related crisis.