نشریه مطالعات علوم محیط زیست
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1400)

noise pollution is one of the main factors affecting the quality of human life that can affect human emotions and behavior and lead to violent behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the feeling of listening noise and feelings of behavioral violence among citizens living in places) construction site (with high noise pollution. the statistical population of this study consists of residential buildings around the auxiliary tunnel project of metro line 3 of Tehran city-Abbas-Abad neighborhood up to a radius of 50 meters.‏ By making a researcher made Questionnaire, By developing researcher-made questionnaires‏ the rate of the feeling of violence with residents was measured.for this purpose, Pearson correlation and linear Regression methods were used. The occurrence of violent behaviors can be highly related to noise pollution‏. The correlation coefficient of the model (0.760) was calculated, Which represents the ability of the model to predict the purpose of the study. therefore, taking actions to control and reduce noise pollution and negative consequences in urban spaces in particular in the residential context, is essential for the desired future and in the direction of sustainable development.

Arasbaran region is one of the valuable habitats of the foetid juniper trees as the precious species in Iran. Therefore, the main object of this study was to identify the list of flora, life form and geographical distribution of plant species in the Juniperus foetidissima habitat in Arasbaran protected reserved region, East Azerbaijan province, Northwest of Iran. Sampling was done by the survey method. Identification, recording and preparing herbarium samples of plant species were done in the foetid juniper stands in Kaleybar County. A total number of 46 plant species were identified belong to 42 genera and 22 families. Asteraceae and Fabaceae families with 9 (19.57%) and 6 (13.04%) species had the most frequent species, respectively. The life form of the plant species in Raunkiaer's classification showed that Therophytes (44.4%) and Hemicrytophytes (42.2%) were the most frequent life forms and followed by Phanerophytes (6.7%), Cryptophytes (4.4%) and Geophytes (2.2%). The geographical distribution of plant species indicated that the Irano-Turanian floristic region was dominant (42.2%) in this study area.

Mining, as one of the desertification activities, plays a vital role in many countries, The aim of the present study was to investigate the dusting potential, emission and dispersion of PM10 from the tailings surfaces of Mehdiabad lead and zinc mine in Yazd province on the days of wind erosion. For this purpose, with field visits and laboratory measurements, the required information of SWEEP wind erosion model and AERMOD model were prepared. The results showed that the highest rate of soil loss, creeption and saltation, PM10 in the 3/1/2020 were from dolomite 1 (1.96), oxide (0.32), dolomite 2 (1.65), and oxide (0.088 kg) tailings, respectively. On 11/9/1397, the order of these parameters is for tailings of dolomite one (2.66), dolomite two (0.149), dolomite one (2.26) and dolomite one (0.128 kg). On 29/1/2019, the order of these parameters is for tailings of dolomite 1 (2.66), dolomite 2 (0.149), dolomite 1 (2.26) and dolomite 1 (0.128 kg). The results of particle dispersion showed that the maximum concentrations of PM10 simulated at 1, 8 and 24 hour on 3/1/2020 were 6219, 1542 and 620 μg/m3 and on day 29/1/2019 were 1169, 394 and 141 μg/m3, respectively.

In this study the difference between physiological and morphological growth of Yucca Elephantipes with irrigation by sanitary wastewater and drinking water was investigated. Morphological variables such as height from the crown to the tail end of the plant, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf length, total leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, number of roots and root size and physiological variables of the plant including Catalase enzyme activity (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity (APX), Glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPX) have examined. Irrigation treatments include drinking water and sanitary wastewater. The results show a significant difference in the studied variables between the two treatments at the level of 5%. The highest number of leaves and roots were 64 and 6, respectively, in the treatment of irrigation with wastewater. The number of stems in both treatments was equal to 1. APX in sanitary irrigation and drinking water was 0.62 and 0.71, respectively. The best performance of GPX was related to drinking water irrigation at 0.17. The results also showed that irrigation with sanitary wastewater of Y. Elephantipes, morphological and physiological parameters of the plant had 8% and 2% better performance in the studied variables than similar samples irrigated with drinking water, respectively.

The purpose of this study is optimal location for waste disposal in Ilam city. A questionnaire and a survey of experts was used to conduct the research. For this purpose, three main criteria were considered: environmental, hydrology, access roads and population centers. For each main criterion, sub-criteria were considered. The data were then weighted based on the network analysis (ANP) process and used ArcGIS10.2 software to integrate the information layers. Based on the criteria and sub-criteria studied, 4 areas for waste disposal were suggested. By determining the weight and ranking of the criteria and the coefficient of each of the criteria and the formation of paired comparison matrix tables, the most appropriate option was selected among them for landfilling. The results show that area one with a weight of 0.419 and an incompatibility rate of 0.05 is more appropriate than the four selected options according to the criteria and sub-criteria studied such as main communication routes, vegetation and animal status, hydrological status and even geology.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pollution and economic growth on health care expenditures in the group of selected OPEC member countries with emphasis on Iran using the PANEL ARDL model during the period 2000-2019. This study was conducted using data from the World Bank, during the period 2000-2019 and the selection of the statistical population selected from OPEC member countries in the form of panel data and using the PANEL ARDL model. The results of this study show that during the study period, the impact of air pollution (PM10), carbon dioxide (CO2) as indicators of air and environmental pollution and the logarithm of GDP per capita (per capita economic growth) on health care expenditures OPEC has a positive and significant impact on selected countries. Countries, including the Iranian government, should consider policies to control the emission of particulate matter and carbon dioxide emissions in different parts of the country in order to reduce air and environmental pollution, and regional and international cooperation to reduce the flow of particulate matter. Suspend to the country through neighboring countries.

Multiple dangers and dangers of the deadly COVID-19 virus started in the world since December 2019 Initially, it was expected that the treatment of this virus would be available to everyone quickly and according to the progress of science, and the virus would not reach all over the world. But despite everyone's misconceptions and beliefs, the virus spread quickly around the world and caused many environmental problems. One of the crises that viral pollution can cause is the crisis of pollution of drinking and non-drinking water by the virus's influence on underground and surface water resources. Although drinking and non-drinking water is not given to people in all parts of the world without strong disinfection, in a few circumstances, water pollution may bring into the human body and other living creatures and lead to infections. This research, which is of a descriptive-analytical type, investigates the possibility of coronavirus affecting water resources around Tehran, as well as measuring the probability in case of positive or negative conditions.

In today's world, various methods are being applied for obtaining pollution amount and its emission in different environments (water, soil, and air). Laser sheets is a new method to study the diffusion of contaminant in a liquid medium. In this study, the images resulting reflecting from the visible light shone on the pollutant in a liquid environment are processed. The camera records this reflection, and then the data is pixelated using the image processing and simulated by the code written in MATLAB software. According to the results of experiments on the effect of temperature on the liquid environment, the highest diffusion coefficients are in warmer, isothermal and colder environments, than the pollutant temperature, respectively. According to the experimental results, due to the effect of temperature on the kinetic energy of molecules in the liquid medium, the highest diffusion coefficients are in the liquid medium with warmer, isothermal, and colder temperatures for pollutant, respectively. Based on the experimental results of the surface tension phenomenon, the elastic property of water increases the surface injected pollutant diffusion compared to the sub-surface injection in the liquid medium.

Estimation of the cesium is important because it enters the human food cycle during nuclear accidents. To prevent endangerment of human health, the level of radiation contamination in edible plants in the affected areas should be determined. In this research, using two- and three-compartmental models, transfer coefficients of 137Cs have been obtained in the plant components. To calculate the transfer coefficients, two- and three-part models have been used for plants such as mushrooms, cabbage and spinach. The input of model was the cesium information in the soil of Fukushima for 8 months after the accident. The results obtained from modeling of the different edible plants with two- and three-part models and information of the Fukushima data for these plants show that the values of transfer coefficients for the body of mushrooms, spinach leaves and broccoli were 0.018, 0.0808 and 0.0908, respectively, which corresponds to the practical values measured in the Atomic Energy Agency Technical Report No. 472. The calculated transfer coefficients correspond to the values recommended in the technical report of the Atomic Energy Agency and the obtained results can be used to predict radioactive contamination in the nuclear accidents.

The use of satellite imagery and remote sensing models has been a convenient and inexpensive tool for estimating solar radiation in recent years.images related to the two years 2019 and 2020 of Landsat 8 satellites, OLI sensors, TIRS sensors and Sabal algorithm were used. The results show that the average of the highest input shortwave radiation was 914 watts per square meter in June and the lowest in November was 548 watts per square meter. The highest amount of net radiation in June was 505 watts per square meter and the lowest in February was 467 watts per square meter. Finally, the highest amount of net radiation reached the earth's surface in June at an average of 505 watts per square meter, the lowest average amount was in November at 296 watts per square meter. The difference in the amount of net radiation reaching the earth in the study area is due to the difference in the angle of the sun and the number of hours of sunshine in different months of the year. Finally, it can be concluded that solar radiation in the region, in the two years under study has the necessary potential to implement solar photovoltaic projects.

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most attractive technologies for water treatment. The advantages of using nanomaterials include high surface area, high reactivity, on-site fabrication and high potential for use in water treatment. For this purpose, this research was conducted to study the effect of the application of egg shell nanostructured particles on sodium adsorption efficiency as a discontinuous system. The effect of factors such as pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, input sodium concentration on sodium uptake was tested. The results showed that for the studied adsorbent the equilibrium time was obtained after 30 minutes and the maximum sodium uptake at pH was 5. With increasing the adsorbent mass from 0.3 to 0.5 g, the removal efficiency increased from 83.35 to 92.75%, but with increasing the adsorbent from 0.5 to 1.6 g, the adsorption efficiency remained constant. With increasing the concentration of dissolved sodium (5-120 mg / l), the removal efficiency decreased from 89.01 to 68.01%. Among the synthetic models used, the Freundlich isotherm (RMSE = 0.38 and R2 = 0.99) was more suitable for describing the adsorption process and was more consistent with laboratory data.

Abstract Energy is a significant commodity in the most economic activities and greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption have made the world one of the most significant environmental challenges. In this research, the quality of environment and the welfare influences of decreasing import tariffs between Iran and the member countries of Eurasian Economic Union due to the model of energy-driven global trade analysis project (GTAP-E) and version 10 of its databases, in three scenarios (20% reduction and 60% reduction and 100% reduction in tariff rates) have been analyzed by GEMPACK software package. The results of this research indicate by increasing the degree of commercial liberalization, the volume of CO2 emissions of enterprises, due to the consumption of intermediate goods of domestic and imported production, has reduced and increased, respectively, and by the complete commercial liberalization of Iran and Eurasian Economic Union, CO2 emissions in Iran have decreased by 3.01%, and by increasing degree of trade liberalization, welfare increases.

The use of solar desalination is a sustainable solution to the problems of water scarcity. Due to the ability of solar desalination to cover part of water issues, a strategic planning for its future as one of the unconventional water sources is considered in this article. For this purpose, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) related to solar desalination in Iran have been identified and prioritized in a systematic way by combining the Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) with SWOT analysis. The results indicate that positive external factors (opportunities) are of the highest relative importance and as a result will have a greater impact on the development of this system in Iran. However, given the weaknesses are in the second place, WO type strategies can be appropriate for the future development of this system; Strategies that try to neutralize the effect of weaknesses by using external opportunities of the system.

With consideration of the rapid growth and expansion of cities, followed by population growth and the need for land for housing, it is necessary to have a detailed plan for urban development. The present study aimed to determine the appropriate use of urban development, based on the indicators of the model of ecological potential assessment of urban development in Iran in the city of Pardis, considering 14 criteria. For this purpose, the multi-criteria evaluation method, which the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is the most important process, was used to produce and analyze the data, and the existing criteria were evaluated and integrated according to the Makhdoom model using ARC GIS. Based on results, from total area of 27,600 hectares in the study area, 120,304 hectares have very unfavorable potential, 4404.50 hectares have unfavorable potential, 9433.34 hectares have medium potential, 8684.55 hectares have desirable potential and 4119 hectares also have very good potential. Slope and fault became the most important criteria in urban development and had the highest score, respectively. Also, the southern parts of the north and to some extent the central part of the region have a better position for the future expansion of the city.

Indigenous knowledge of medicinal use of rangeland plants is a topic of interest in many countries around the ‎world, including Iran, which is obtained by collecting of information from the natives of a region The aim of this ‎study was to identify medicinal plants and‏ ‏investigate consumption instruction‏ ‏of them in the pastures of Ahar ‎city, which has not been reported before. In this study, data collection was performed using interviews and ‎designed questionnaires, and information such as local name, medicinal properties, method of use and ‎medicinal organs were recorded.‎‏ ‏The results showed that a total of 60 pharmaceutical species belonging to 20 ‎families were identified in the‏ ‏studied region. The largest number of species belonged to the Lamiaceae family ‎with 11 species and the Asteraceae family with10 species. Most plant species were used to treat gastrointestinal ‎diseases and the least used medicinal species were related to skin diseases and wounds. It seems that due to ‎limited resources, the development of employment-generating projects based on the cultivation and ‎development of compatible medicinal plants withthe ecological conditions of the region, can be a good way to ‎preserve existing plant resources and it is an important step towards achieving an oil-free economy.‎

Due to the increase in environmental pollution, it has become necessary for car manufacturers to build cars with minimal pollution. Therefore, the use of pollution control equipment such as catalysts, EGR system, oxygen sensors, etc. in the car is increasing. Factors influencing the reduction of car exhaust emissions include the engine's internal systems, the fuel system and the car's ignition system. In this research, studies have been conducted on the effect of using optimal wires (with zero resistance) on vehicle exhaust gases. This study was performed on six vehicles (three healthy vehicles and three vehicles with defects in engine, fuel and ignition systems) and the output parameters in the pollution test including CO, HC, CO2 and O2 were analyzed. According to studies, the use of optimal wires in healthy vehicles reduces CO, HC and O2. However, the CO2 parameter in these cars has increased, which confirms the improvement in the use of this type of wire. Therefore, the use of optimal wires, while creating a more complete combustion, can help a lot to reduce environmental pollution.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and the Non-carcinogenic risk associated with nitrate in the drinking water of Bostanabad city over different age groups. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, nitrate concentration was measured in 98 drinking water samples (18urban samples and 80 rural samples). Also, Non-carcinogenic risk assessment was determined using the indicators of the Environmental Protection Agency. The mean concentration of nitrate in the drinking water of urban and rural areas of Bostanabad was 10.56 and 14.65 mg/L, respectively. Nitrate concentration in 95.91% of the samples was lower than the standard. The mean Hazard Quotient )HQ( values due to nitrate in drinking water for the four age groups of infants, children, teenager and adults both urban and rural areas were less than one. However, HQ values was more than 1 in 5.5% of urban water samples and in 11.25% of rural water samples over age group of children. According to the results, in most cases, the concentration of nitrate in drinking water was less than the national standard of Iran and the World Health Organization. However, age group of children are at Non-carcinogenic risk from drinking water nitrate.

The tourism industry is one of the important economic resources and today the countries of the world have studied it in different ways to estimate the potentials of their natural resources. Utilizing the potential and capabilities of tourism in any region spatially and temporally can provide a sustainable basis for the development of that region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish a new and reliable procedure for studying ecotourism potential with different evaluation criteria and methods. In this study, with the method of intensive field study and questioning, first 37 ecotourism index points were identified, then by modeling different ecosystem services with the methods of decision system, the ecological potential of ecotourism in the basin was modeled. In this study, the aesthetic value of the landscape, the value of habitat quality and the rarity of the habitat from 2000 to 2020 were investigated. The results of this study showed that the ecosystem service criteria in the decision system with fuzzy gamma method improve the model from 0.42 to 0.766. Also, 8 common criteria in Makhdoom tourism model are not useful enough in ecotourism decision systems or can not be referred to other regions.

Iodine is one of the most important essential micronutrients throughout life. Salt is the most important and inexpensive iodized foods in Iran. This study aims to investigate the concentration of iodine of salt in Gorgan and compare it with standards. This study was descriptive-analytical. The sampling was performed on 11 brands of iodized salt in Gorgan,s stores. The iodine content was measured by titration with three replications. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, the lowest average iodine concentration was observed in the K brand (15.05 µg/g). It did not meet the Ministry of Health standards (30-60 µg/g and 20-50µg/g). It met the WHO, UNICEF, ICCDD standards(15-55µg/g). Also, the brand of J (21.68 µg/g), F (24.62 µg/g), I (28.23 µg/g), and E (23.62 µg/g) did not meet the new standards of the Ministry of Health. The amount of iodine in the salt can be due to its quality in the production stage (e.g. purity) and the time interval from production to consumption. Therefore, continuous monitoring is very important in the chain of production and distribution timely.

Pollution from oil spills in the Persian Gulf seems inevitable despite the huge volume of oil production and transportation. The environmental conditions and the type of oil can affect the fate and transport of spilled oil. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop an oil spill model to predict the effects of seasonal conditions and physical parameters on the path and fate of spilled oil in the Persian Gulf. First, the new version of COHERENS model is developed with Appling the most accurate bathymetry data and forces with high temporal resolution and spatial resolution in the Persian Gulf. Then the current, temperature and salinity data of the mentioned model and the wind field from ECMWF database were used in the OSCAR oil spill model. The results of the model showed that the combination of these two models is a very powerful tool for predicting the fate and transport of the oil spills in the Persian Gulf. Furthermore, the summer result noted that due to the decrease in wind speed, turbulence, increased stability and stratification, oil spill may move toward shore lines and the penetration of particles in depth decreases.

The provision of a variety of job opportunities by tourism industry, particularly, over the past two decades, has led many governments to invest heavily on this sector across the world. However, the challenges arise from the lack of considering an integrated socio-economic and environmental perspective in ecotourism planning and management. This study aimed to present a conceptual model for participatory ecotourism by expanding exiting theoretical concepts using with a descriptive-analytical approach. To do this, we first reviewed and analysed fundamental concepts associated to ecotoursim based on previous studies, findings, and national and international experiences, and then re-conceptualized participatory ecotourism in a practical format according to the purposes defined in international documents and conventions. In the proposed conceptual model, the main aspects contributing to achieve sustainable ecotourism in a participatory way, such as management, planning, education, research, and stakeholder involvement, particularly local communities, were considered. Overall, the proposed model shows that if participatory ecotourism is realized in its true sense, it can serve as a low-carbon, nature-friendly activity aligned with Sustainable Development Goals and allows for providing ecosystem services, maximum recreational satisfaction and local communities’ welfare.

Meighan wetland catchment is located in the central catchment, it is a relatively flat plain with no elevation. Due to the destruction of natural resources, the phenomenon of desertification threatens other surrounding lands. In this study, wind speed and direction data and meteorological phenomena have been studied in an hourly format and related codes were extracted to investigate dusty days. Landsat satellite imagery was received and reviewed on a monthly basis to monitor the water status of Meighan Wetland. Then, in order to measure the effect of Meighan wetland on Arak city, wind direction data were segmented. In the months of June and July, the occurrence of dusty hours reaches its peak, among which, the high share of dust occurrence with wind direction from the dry summer lagoon is significant, and in the months of October, November, and December, no dust occurrence. Not reported. The north-east wind direction, which is more frequent in summer than the west direction, can play a role in the transfer of dust and dust from the deserts along the road (bare soils of Meighan basin) and the Meighan wetland.

Traffic is one of the social problems in today's societies, especially in big cities. On the other hand, irreversible ideas and ideas in the future are strongly tolerable. Most of the existing environmental problems, especially traffic pollution, are rooted in the lack of necessary knowledge and cultural weakness in the relationship between man and nature, and in fact is a cultural problem that requires national and international determination to strengthen the culture of environmental protection at different levels. It is communities and it is absolutely obligatory for every individual to be aware of human connection with the environment in order to survive and improve the quality of his life. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategies and strategies of education and culture of people to reduce environmental pollution related to traffic in Tehran. The present research is of applied type and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection was done in the form of library, ode, interview and questionnaire. The sample size is 20 officials and environmental traffic experts in Tehran. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using statistical methods and SWOT analysis method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability.

Development of nuclear technology, mining, nuclear fuel cycle, and military operations are the most important reasons of radionuclides entrance to the environment. Transmission of soil radionuclides into the food chain is a major threat to human health in the long term. Therefore, removing these pollutants from the soil is extremely important. Phytoremediation is a simple and economical method that uses green plants to reduce or eliminate different types of soil pollutants. This technology is very practical and environmentally friendly. In this study wheat and sunflower plants were used to remove radium from soils of Saghand and Bandar Abbas mine's districts. Moreover, the effect of different concentrations of citric acid on the accessibility of plants to this element was investigated. In general, sunflower had better efficiency in radium absorption from soil of Saghand. In the case of Bandar Abbas soil, the amount of absorbed radium was more using sunflower plant, but more differences were observed in radium absorption by wheat plant at different concentrations of citric acid.

Among the various environmental pollutants, heavy metals are the most important due to their non-degradability and physiological effects on living organisms. In this study, in order to investigate the soil contamination around Zobahan and also to evaluate the efficiency of satellite images in estimating the concentration of heavy metals. Soil sampling was performed from a depth of 0-20 cm in a combined manner. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used to measure heavy metals, SPSS 23 software was used for statistical analysis and Landsat 8 satellite OLI sensor images and ArcGIS 10.5 software were used to measure and zoning cadmium and lead in the study area. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the concentration of lead and visible and infrared bands, but no correlation was observed between the concentration of cadmium and the digital value of the bands. Among the 20 areas studied, the highest amount of lead and cadmium contamination was observed in station 1 located near the steel plant.

Changes in land cover and land use affect many natural processes such as soil erosion and sediment production and the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of land use change in Givi Chay catchment area and also its effect on soil erosion using WLC algorithm. For the present study, Landsat satellite images for 1985 (TM) and 2020 (OLI) were used and the land use map was prepared using the object-oriented method. The results of detection of changes showed that the highest rate of increase is for irrigated cultivation, which has increased by 17.89% compared to 1985. The highest rate of change is for low density pastures, which has decreased by 13.02%. According to the erosion zoning map of 1985, 27.76 and 13.06%, and according to the erosion zoning of 2020, 24.98 and 16.39% of the Givi Chay catchment area in two high-risk floors and very risky, so that these classes are also in both time periods in residential use, rainfed cultivation and medium rangeland.

Abstract The development of safety in various industries, especially the oil and gas and petrochemical industries is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize HSE risks. For this purpose, in this study, the data envelopment analysis approach was used. The method of data collection in this study was a questionnaire on the degree of importance of risks. The software used in this research was DEA SOLVER. The case study of this research was Lordegan Petrochemical Company. According to the results of this study, the most important HSE risk indicators include: ergonomic problems during computer use, unpleasant odor during activity, inhalation of chemicals during activity, exposure to chemicals during work activity, burns during welding, head collision with obstacles during activity, exposure At high temperatures, there were scratches during handling, exposure to chemical fumes and falling pallets. The results of this study also showed that the most important HSE risk factors in Lordegan Petrochemical Company included exposure to chemicals as well as temperature conditions.

Pollution of water by heavy metals is a major problem such as nickel. In previous interpretations, it is compared the processes of removal and recycling of nickel metal from industrial wastewater. Research question is that which method with which pH is more effective for removal of heavy metals? Results show that biosorption, as an environmentally friendly method, has a brilliant performance and is a low-cost internal method for wastewater treatment. The biological treatment of effluents is carried out by microbial and biomass of derived from plants to examine the conversion of effluent into a harmless state. In a certain range of pH due to the operating conditions and used adsorbent are caused the reduction of . Because most of the functional groups such as carboxyl and phosphate have a negative charge, they encounter nickel ions that have a positive charge, and this leads to a Electrostatic attraction is absorbed between ( ) cations and negatively charged coupling sites. Under alkaline conditions, adsorption decreases due to the interaction between hydroxide ( ) and nickel ( ) anions and sediment formation. Therefore, determining the optimal pH from low pH values until the formation of sediment is of great importance for operational processes.

Zagros is one of the few Mountain ranges in western Asia. The amounts of precipitation are different in the eastern and western aspects of Zagros. The purpose of this study is to investigate the precipitation changes on the western and eastern aspects of the Zagros Mountains using orographic due to data from 1996-2017. The study area consists of 11 meteorological stations at an altitude of 232 to 1906 m. The results is represents that, that on the west aspects of Zagros there is an increasing trend in precipitation from 1200 to 1567 m. The amounts of precipitation are decreases to Mountain ridge. Towards the eastern slopes due to the decrease in humidity contents the precipitation is lesser than Western aspects.This study is show that the monthly precipitation averages on eastern aspects stations have been a decreasing trend has been decreasing at some of the locations since 2012-2017. According to this analysis, the precipitation on Western aspects has been increasing from Kouhdasht (379 mm) up to Alshtar (462mm) but then decreased gradually from Boroujerd (447mm) toward Kaboudarahang (300 mm) on Eastern aspects. precipitation changes on the Zagros aspects are related to the westerlies,moisture sources location and movement Paths of precipitation systems.

In recent years, utilizing concrete pavement in construction roads' pavement has been very popular. Concrete pavement is a compressed concrete which has distinctive features including high durability, low construction costs, and fewer efforts for repair and maintenance. Since that about 75-85% of concrete pavement is composed of stone materials, so utilizing recycled mineral aggregate can have positive environmental effects and enhancing the properties of concrete pavement. The present research addressed the investigation of utilizing five different types of queries' recycled aggregate obtained from Farshe Raahe Mehriz mines, Choghart and dolomite of large farm on the concrete pavement's strength. The types of these aggregates include Lime, Calcite, Albite Quartz, Amphibolite and Delomite. Some mechanical tests have been performed to determine the strength specifications of recycled mineral aggregate. Then, the concrete samples were made using compression test, and some non-destructive strength tests, including electrical resistance, Schmidt stiffness, and uniaxial compression strength have been performed on the samples. The results show that utilizing quartz aggregates prepared from tectonic blocks of Choghart mine pit, due to the high contents of silica, will lead to an increase in stiffness of concrete samples than the other aggregates used. .