نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1399)

Coastal cities around the world are increasingly affected by various natural and unnatural hazards that addressing their vulnerability eventually improves resilience. The environmental dimensions of resilience by emphasizing the sustainability of the ecological system of cities improve their resilience against various environmental hazards. Based on the purpose this research is applied type and in order to investigate the factors related to improving the environmental resilience of coastal cities has done in two stages. The study area includes coastal cities of Bushehr province that have a functional role as the county center. The statistical population in the first stage consists of urban management experts and environmental activists and the second stage includes urban resilience specialists. In order to determine the factors related to improving the environmental resilience of coastal cities, the factor analysis method, and in order to determine the weight of each of these factors and assess the environmental resilience of the study area, the method of AHP has been used. Based on the results of factor analysis, the effective factors include "pollution control", "protection of available resources", "population and access to services" and "activity of volunteer groups" that the specific values respectively are 5.23, 3.08, 2.07, 1.50. According to the results of AHP, the factor of "pollution control" is the most important as compared to other factors, and among the coastal cities studied, Bushehr with a weight of 0.420 has the highest and Assaluyeh with a weight of 0.068 has the lowest level of environmental resilience.

After the Second World War (1950s), academics’ attention to the different subjects of interdisciplinary science of tourism began along with its economic and social-cultural importance, and the number and depth of these studies has been increased so far. It was begun in Iran in 1380 decade with a time delaying. However, awareness of the current researches’ trend not only determines the possible gaps but also helps the future interested researchers. Therefore, the current article was done to study and analyze the marine and coastal tourism researches by published papers in reputable Iranian journals. For this goal, 106 articles were found in this area by the researcher’s searching on the databases and the journals’ websites. The studying process of these articles was carried out in five steps: studying the time trend, geography distribution, studies orientations, the relationship between coastal and marine tourism and the other shapes of tourism and methodology approaches. As results, the beginning year of tourism studies in the country's coastal and water areas returns to 1382 and most researches in this field has been done in 1396. Among the coastal and water areas, the most number of articles (63 cases) focused on the Caspian Sea’s coastal zones in general, and 37 of them have examined the coasts of "Mazandaran Province" in particular. Of the six separated orientations,

The southern coastal areas of Iran is one of the areas with many attractions. Each of these forms is specific to living ecosystems. But identification, management, integrated programming is necessary for each of them. A job opportunity arises from every ten tourists entering the host country. The location of Minab plain at the mouth of the river has led to the formation of interesting geotourism forms and the purpose of this study is to investigate the tourism capabilities of landforms in this region. In this research, using and comparing two models of Perira and Reynard,12 geomorphosites including: (estuary, gulfs, mangrove forests, tidal canals, sand dunes, sand dunes, barns, meanders , etc), has been evaluated. Pereira's model indicates that the scientific grade and the complementary grade are the highest score related to estuaries and the lowest score is related to meanders. However, the values of avicennia marina in the scientific grade and estuaries in the complementarity criterion gained highest value. In general, the results showed that both estuaries and avicennia marina have gained more score among others.

Statistics provided by the 2016 Census of Population and Housing, indicate an increasing age cohort in the next 40 years. According to statistics provided, a few numbers of nursing homes in the Tabriz city will respond to the huge floods of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine suitable locations for the establishment of residential centers for the elderly in Tabriz. GIS is used for this purpose. This article is divided into two stages. In the first step, by examining and evaluating the factors needed to locate the nursing home, the effective variables in the relevant parameters (capacity, desirability, and adaptability) are extracted and classified. In the next step, the factors considered in the adaptation parameter were weighted and ranked using SPSS software by using questionnaires and survey tools among urban planning and distribution locating experts and after summing up. Utility and capacity factors were weighted by AHP method and the resulting weights were applied by using baseline maps of Tabriz. In the final stage, the weighted layers are overlaid in ArcGIS environment and performed in two separate reclassification scenarios. The most suitable locations were determined in two scenarios in Tabriz city. The findings of this study can help in the development and development of regional planning in the establishment and development of residential areas for the elderly in Tabriz. 

Cities today, besides the complexities and challenges associated with increasing population growth and developmental capabilities and resources, have encountered many challenges in terms of security and safety in their various areas to deal with human and natural hazards and crises. In this regard, resilience is a new approach to sustainability and to maintain the capacity to bear resources and developmental attributes in cities against dangers and disasters. In the present study, the purpose of applied-development and with descriptive-analytical methodology has been tried to analyze the components of urban spatial planning in Mahshahr city. To collect descriptive data, documentary-librarian method was used for collecting data using a survey method and a questionnaire tool. The sample population of the research consisted of 50 experts and experts related to the subject of research that were questioned and targeted by Delphi method. To analyze the research data, the AHP hierarchical analysis model and linear regression model (R-Linear) were used. Results showed that among the components of resilience Mahshahr, resilient infrastructure with higher priority than other components and that all components of economic, social, infrastructure, physical and management in achieving resiliency city of Mahshahr have a positive and significant effect.

The present research is a combination (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of purpose, application and method. Data collection tools are questionnaires, interviews and observations. The statistical population of households in coastal villages of the city (3720 households) is Chabahar. From this number, 280 households and six coastal villages with tourist attractions were selected as a sample using the Cochran's formula and quota sampling method. To answer the research questions, the Exploratory Exponential Coherence Test and the Quality Performance Development (QFD) model were used. The research findings indicate that among the eight factors of local culture and art, creative development, local resources and performance, geographical factor, force Humanity, expertise and knowledge, characteristics of integration and management and maintenance, four factors: local resources and economic performance, culture and art, geography and manpower, are the most important factors in the development of independent rural landscape in Chabahar city. The results of QFD model and communication matrix showed that the above factors were most associated with maintaining environmental quality, reducing environmental vulnerability, mobilizing the local economy and creating rural employment. Also, through interviews with local people and the results of the QFD model, five strategies for developing an independent landscape and rural tourism were developed according to the requirements and indicators used, which are: training of specialized manpower, strengthening the participation of villagers in tourism activities.