نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 67 (پاییز 1399)

In this study in order to making a foresight and sustainable land planning in rural areas of east guilan as a special ecological zone including 744 villages Essential variables Were collected by using questionnaire & Delphi Method with cooperation of experts. Influence coefficient was calculated. Number of influential variables on changes in land cover were 93 ones. (in the local, regional& national level) key drivers were detected by MIC-MAC. In order to creating scenario 19 influential key drivers on changes in land cover were homogenized by a 20-person professional pannel.9 main descriptors were defined, then for every descriptor 3 Variant were defined( express possible moods from most critical to the best). In the next step three scenario based on strong consistency with 15 years interval were obtained by Cross-Impact Balance matrix and Monte Carlo Simulation in Scenario Wizard. Finally, the resulting scenarios, based on the most effective in conservation of earth's natural coverage and continuity of stability, with titles balanced ecological changes, relatively balanced ecological changes and imbalanced ecological changes were named.

The aim of this study is to provide a model for explaining brand equity tourism destinations in Shiraz. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the SMART PLS software to analyze data. Statistical population of this research all are domestic tourists that in the summer of 2015 Have come to Shiraz city.Given that the population size is unknown from Cochran formula is used in order to determine the sample size that number is obtained 384. Provided results showing that destination brand awareness has significant positive effects on destination brand image, destination perceived quality and destination brand loyalty. destination brand image has significant direct positive impacts on destination perceived quality and destination brand loyalty. destination perceived quality has direct positive influence on destination brand loyalty. And also it was shown that destination perceived quality is the largest coefficient value and its impact on destination brand loyalty is higher than other variables.

The profound geopolitical changes in the South Caucasus have had a significant impact on relations between Iran and the three republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. The Islamic Republic of Iran has expanded political-economic cooperation with the people of the region due to its historical relations and socio-cultural ties. The active presence of regional and trans-regional actors has had a direct impact on this relationship. This study seeks to select an effective strategy to achieve Iranian regionalism in the Caucasus against Russia and to design operational strategies using game theory. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in nature, in which library and field methods including interviews with elites have been used to collect research data. the statistical population included a collection of political geography experts, officials of related organizations and relevant institutions who, in addition to collecting information, helped in other areas. In this study, an attempt is made to select an effective strategy to achieve Iranian regionalism in the Caucasus against Russia in this region. Then, the results of statistical analysis have been implemented in the form of game theory;

One of the necessities of economic planning is to be aware of the industrial capabilities of different provinces of the country. Therefore, determining the position of provinces in industries in order to optimally allocate resources is of particular importance. The present study is of quantitative and analytical type and using Coopras technique, the inequalities in the industrial of the country's provinces have been studied. The research area is formed by the provinces of the country in 1398. 17 variables have been selected to study the leveling of the country's provinces and the status of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The results show that they are at a very high level in the provinces of Tehran and Isfahan. In the second level the provinces of Khorasan Razavi, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Mazandaran, Alborz, Khuzestan, Qazvin, Kerman, Markazi and Gilan are located. There are about 9 provinces in the country and these provinces include Yazd, West Azerbaijan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Semnan, Lorestan, Qom, Golestan, Kermanshah and Hamedan. The provinces of Zanjan, South Khorasan, Hormozgan, Ardabil, Kurdistan, Bushehr, Sistan and Baluchestan, Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad and North Khorasan are deprived. 10 provinces, including the deprived province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, are at the deprived level.

Today, mountains are one of the most popular leisure centers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of pollutants in the mountainous tourist area of Mashhad. This study is cross-sectional in terms of implementation time and applied in terms of outputs. In terms of analysis, it is descriptive-analytical as well as comparative. Data on 6 air pollutants (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and particulate matter) and noise pollution were collected and analyzed at the research area. The level of noise pressure in the region was recorded in different times. To investigate the situation of pollution risk assessment method in the region, quantitative risk assessment technique - William Fine method was used. The results showed that air pollution and noise pollution in Kuhsangi tourist area of Mashhad are inappropriate. And this is an alarm for the officials of Kuhsangi region. Therefore, Kuhsangi mountain tourism has the necessary potentials, but in general, there are a number of obstacles that can be solved by forming a nature tourism committee and providing logical solutions for the development of this industry by holding regular meetings with members of geography experts.

One of the most important factors influencing human life is the weather. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial temporal features of the occurrence of thunderstorms in the southwest of the country. States (Khuzestan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad) During a statistical period from 1985 to 2015, And then the analysis of the synoptic conditions of the thunderstorms obtained from the synoptic stations of the region. The results of the annual analysis of the frequency of thunderstorms at Dezful station with 479 phenomena and Ramhormoz with 252 events have recorded the lowest in the stations. And in the seasonal analysis, the highest hurricane occurred in the spring with the number of 137 and in the summer with the lowest storm with the number 10. In the monthly analysis of the frequency of thunderstorms, April was the most 75 days and August was the least with 2 days. In terms of the frequency of thunderstorms during the eight-hour observation period, the highest frequency of the thunderstorm is 12 o'clock (3.30 o'clock).

The current study aims to recognize the effectiveness rate of social poverty on urban environment persistence that is theoretical-optical in nature, and regarding the study method it is descriptive-analysis. To gather the needed data, the questionnaire technique was used in region number 8 of Ahvaz city. The case mass is confirmed 384 people using the Morgan table. To analyze the data, the SPSS software was used. The results showed that the sense of responsibility, social ethics, developing the education level and increasing the awareness of the citizens has effective impact on the living environment persistence but based on the results of this study the normalization coefficient does not affect the environment persistence. Also, for evaluating and prioritizing the effectiveness of social poverty on the environment persistence, the TOPSIS multi-variables deciding technique was applied. The results of the said technique showed that the sense of responsibility, the social ethics and the analphabet indexes had the most effect on the environment persistence with the priority coefficient amounts of 0.5763 , 0.5652, and 0.5033 respectively. And the unemployment and social normalization indexes had the least effect compared to the others with the amounts of 0.4957 and 0.4813 respectively.