نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1390)

During recent decads, increasing of unemployment of population speciallymigration of high education of young people evolated village area.Tourism as a not only instraument of chaning potential but one the main strategy ofdevelopment is very important.Becase of lack polloution it enables to effect inemoloyment situation and attract the people to villages.In order to this approaches understanding of this role and environmental potentialsof progect area these category can resnalts to regional balance means while study ofcapabilities and tourism potantials and capital building in this zone can developed areavillages. In this paper I try to study the Roud bar Ghasran area ofshemirarn(ahar,egol,ammameh,zaygan) .For collection of data I use the documentaryand fied method conclusionof my stuy identify that backgrond of rural development inthis area are suiable and tourism as an effective element can play this role.Alsoecotourism is as a main parts of tourism in this role, because ecotourism intended onlyto see of natural sites and spent a lot of money related to this category .Across theworld many countries have could changed this condition and reduced poverty .Ourcountry of Iran because of many attraction in background of different climate anduntains, seas, plains,and many desert is from the view point of tourism very famaus inthe world.In many countries specially whom have attraction from the view point of naturalsight suitable.Developed torism at developing program as acqvisition of in come.Thisprocess helps the sustainable development.In this progect the main goal of researchrelated to capabilily and potential of the villsges and possibility tourism for developingof zone of Roud bar Ghasran.

Wood agriculture is always one of the important issue in the economy of villages inthe north part of Iran, Because of rural of this area can use the land multilateral bywood agriculture. Although in many cases, Wood agriculture is done traditionally andalmost is stable on the base of trial and error among farmers. In this research it's triedto study performed activities during last decade. This causes to analyze thedevelopment process of poplar farming with considering to structural problems.Therefore, Guilan Province's map is studied according to the aim of research, and withnoticing to political map, Roudsar, Amlash, Siyahkal, Langroud, Lahijan and AstanehAshrafiyeh are selected as studying zones So. Satellite pictures of land sat TM and IRSrelated to 2000 and 2010 are selected and NDVI index is applied on picture by NIRand R bands. In the next step, first the forest areas are separated from picture andpoplar farming boundary in 2000 and 2010 is determined with considering to poplarreflection in supervised spectrum separation, and then pictures are transferred to GISspace, they are categorized again, poplar farming areas are separated from other areasin the form of 0 and 1 codes. Poplar farming lands have 1 value and other areas have 0value after this correlation of distances of poplar farming from roads was tested inSPSS. The results show, although there was increasing poplar farming in east ofGuilan Province during last decode, but with considering to social and economicsituation, roads map and villages dispersion. Increasing wood production isimpossible. In other words wood farming that should perform in rural areas isdecreasing.

Opium is a phenomenon in a human society that became a crisis simultaneouslywith growing modern society. In addition, nowadays extend widely. Opium set seriousdamage against social order a production aria and customer. Nowadays estimateOpium Economy is after oil and weapons, third sector for great financialtransportation. Opium as a global threat needs active global participation to resolvethis problem.South Asia region that well known as “Golden Crescent” product most share ofglobal production and at less has four decades to inter in global market.Inefficient government in Pakistan and Afghanistan regardless willingness ofregional states like Pakistan, India, Iran, Afghanistan and global actors like U.S,Russia and EU, we are facing continuous and increasing poppy production; WhileCoalition Forces led by United State occupied Afghanistan..

Structure of urban management in Iran, to transit from centralized system, movetoward decentralized system and go out of current challenges, has to consider planningsystem and urban development management transformation as a fundamental solutionthis is not a choice but an undeniable need. Since in current situation , this structuredespite of abundant efforts and endeavour to make interaction and relation amongthree main factors of city formation (human, space, environment ) is unable torespond and solve increasing social, economical, physical and environmental problemsof cities particularly major cities of country , and current methods of planning andurban development management not only show weak and insufficient before theseproblems but exacerbate the situation and make it more critical through the creation ofcentralization and excretion of participation system.In this article, using implemented laws and their prospect with respect togovernment approach, the Iranian urban management system will be analyzed , thenwith regard to series of topics and issues regarding urban sustainable development,future horizon of urban management with sustainable development approach will beanalyzed and evaluated. The result of this analytical and descriptive article show thattransformation of centralized urban management system should be on the basis ofurban sustainable development approach.

Flood is a natural phenomenon, which human being has experienced from very oldtimes. In Iran, due to Its very large area, several climates, and time and local density ofPrecipitations in most watersheds, there are many great floods of the country. In thisstudy, run-off coefficient, maximum debit of flood, identifying the factors andelements that are effective on floodiness, and zoning of the area of Leilan chaiwatershed based on its flood bearing are analyzed. The curve number method was usedfor this watershed. To do this, firstly, the needed data and information including thestatistical situation of the area climates and satellite images were gathered Inputted tothe GIS data system. Compiling these data and information by the SCS method and theCN of the watershed, The infiltration level and run-off volume were prepared.Finally,the zoning map of the annual flooding potential of the area were produced usingweighting model and compiling the area Precipitation, hydrological groups of soil,slope level, land use, etc.

Rural management in Iran confront of many variety from past to today. Therefore there are many experiences in rural management. But these varieties have some problems. Therefore, for studying of problems and barriers of Iran rural management، this paper does for analyzing today situation and barriers of Iran rural management. Investigative method was descriptive and used from questionnaire for collecting data. Sample amount was 50 and questionnaires distribute in managers. Software was SPSS. Results say that finance recourses، none orchestrate among managers، local parliament، people and little teaching is key problems in rural management. Important problem in rural management is government although authority of managers is enough. By assumption test we understand that rural management confront of these problems: a) Islamic rural parliament has problems of credits that it is essential that government helps them, b) Knowledge and level of degree in managers and members of Islamic rural parliament is little, therefore it is essential that government establish course for them that it is include academic teaching and none academic (professional) course and members of c) Unfortunately, there are not relationship among rural people, rural managers and Islamic rural parliament. It cause produce much problems for aim of rural managing. Facilitators and promoters can helps to resolving this problem. d), rural managers and Islamic rural parliament confront of many problems about self institute. It is related to law and its problems that it is essential that law change. This paper shows that current situation of rural managing is weak and it is essential that it improve. This paper shows that power of rural managers and Islamic rural parliament is low. Therefore it is essential that government resign some its power to them. This paper shows that rural people are satisfaction from rural managers and Islamic rural parliament; although they think that there are some problems that it must resolve.

Indiscriminate exploitation has been of groundwater aquifers in recent years causinga drop groundwater levels in the plains. Water storage in aquifers by flood spreadingon alluvial fans is a procedure that applicable in many area of Iran. In this Method,with floodwaters to infiltrate into the aquifer in addition to increasing the volume ofthe tank and prevent the severe drop in groundwater levels that are flood control andsoil conservation. Study area is Jarmh watershed this area of 314 square kilo meters innorth of Andimeshk. Alluvial zone is a 4356 ha that distinct by satellite imageprocessing and field works. Effective indices in flood spreading site selectionincluding slope, infiltration, alluvial thickness, transmisivity, flooding and electricalconductivity, selected and measurement in the study area and classified maps for all ofthem was prepared in GIS environment. In next step the maps incorporated by Booleanlogic and weighted overlay index finally the alluvial zone ordered in two classes, highsuitability 2059 ha in Boolean logic and 2485 ha in the weighted overlay index andmoderate suitability 2297 ha in Boolean logic and 1971 ha in the weighted overlayindex.

Rural management in Iran confront of many variety from past to today. Thereforethe Constructing new towns are done to the aim of spatial structure, optimum use ofnatural sources, limiting the dimensions of population centralization in towns and landlogistic in biology system in the country. for removing the centralization andabsorbing the surplus of the population of large cities with some millions populationsuch as Tehran and mashhad .Preventing the irregular development balance and controlling the migrationmovements, constructing new towns has been known as the best choice. hashtgerd newtown has services – industrial performance like other new towns pearl to arrive forquantitative a lot larget wait item good luck is so much unposses. in this citynopopulation where there is other basis efforts and per for mances and unother standardsnot any for figures wait item don’t to get and so even very distance there from they.

After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, during the years since 1979 to 2011, we haveobserved 8 terms of parliament elections in Iran. During these terms, political partiesand factions played an important and sensitive role in elections and assignation ofparliament members.The main goal of this paper is to identify and discover dynamic and static districtsbased on factions and representatives in 8 terms of parliament election after theIslamic Revolution of Iran. The studied district in this research is Guilan Province thathas highly participated in political cooperation and elections in Iran during 8 terms ofparliament elections.This paper with analytical method and by using Geographical Information System(GIS) is attempting to answer the following questions that if there is dynamic andstatic districts for factions and representatives in Guilan Province? In case of existenceof static districts, political direction of the selective districts of Guilan Province istoward which party?The gained results in this research show that during 8 terms of elections of theIslamic Parliament in Guilan Province, some of elective districts of Guilan Provinceare dynamic and some other are static, and tendency of major of representatives andresidences of selective districts are toward right party.